5
PAPER
SPEAKING
GENERAL DESCRIPTION STRUCTURE AND TASKS
Paper format The Speaking test contains
PART 1
four parts.
Task type Conversation between the interlocutor and each
Timing 14 minutes. and format candidate.
The interlocutor encourages the candidates to
No. of parts 4.
give information about themselves, to talk about
past experiences, present circumstances and
Interaction Two candidates and two
future plans.
pattern examiners. One examiner
acts as both interlocutor and
Focus General interactional and social language.
assessor and manages the
Timing 3 minutes.
interaction either by asking
questions or providing cues
for candidates. The other acts
PART 2
as assessor and does not join
in the conversation.
Task type The interlocutor delegates an individual task to
and format each candidate.
Task types Short exchanges with the
In turn, the candidates are given a pair of
interlocutor and with the
photographs to talk about.
other candidate; a one minute
long turn ; a collaborative
Focus Organising a larger unit of discourse by comparing
task involving the two and contrasting, giving information, expressing
opinions.
candidates; a discussion.
Timing One minute long turn for each candidate.
Task focus Exchanging personal and
factual information,
expressing and finding out
PART 3
about attitudes and opinions.
Task type Two-way conversation between the candidates.
Marks Candidates are assessed on
and format The candidates are given visual and spoken
their performance throughout
prompts, which are used in a decision-making
the test.
task.
Focus Exchanging information, expressing and justifying
opinions, agreeing and/or disagreeing, suggesting,
speculating, decision-making etc.
Timing 3 minutes.
PART 4
Task type Discussion on topics related to the collaborative
and format task.
The interlocutor leads a discussion to explore
further the topic of the collaborative task.
Focus Exchanging information, expressing and justifying
opinions, agreeing and/or disagreeing.
Timing 4 minutes.
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52
PART 2 LONG TURN
The four parts of the
Speaking test This part tests the candidates ability to produce an extended piece
of discourse.
Format
Sample tasks and assessment criteria: pages 57 and 59.
The paired format of the FCE Speaking test (two examiners
and two candidates) offers candidates the opportunity to
In this part of the test, candidates are given the opportunity to
demonstrate, in a controlled but friendly environment, their
speak for one minute without interruption. Each candidate is
ability to use their spoken language skills effectively. The test
asked to compare and contrast two colour photographs,
takes 14 minutes. One examiner, the interlocutor, conducts the
commenting on the pictures and giving some personal
test and gives a global assessment of each candidate s
reaction to them. They are not required to describe the
performance. The other, the assessor, does not take any part in
photographs in detail.
the interaction but focuses solely on listening to, and making
an assessment of, the candidates oral proficiency.
Candidates can show their ability to organise their thoughts
and ideas, and express themselves coherently in appropriate
At the end of the Speaking test, candidates are thanked for
language. Candidates should pay attention while their partner
attending, but are given no indication of the level of their
is speaking, as they are asked to comment briefly (for about
achievement.
20 seconds) after their partner has spoken. Candidates should
The standard format is two examiners and two candidates,
be made aware, however, that they should not speak during
and wherever possible, this will be the form which the
their partner s long turn.
Speaking test will take. In cases where there is an uneven
Candidates will always be asked to compare and contrast two
number of candidates at a centre, the last Speaking test of the
photographs. They will also be asked to say something which
session will be taken by three candidates together instead of
relates directly to the focus of the photographs.
two. The test format, test materials and procedure will remain
unchanged but the timing will be longer: twenty minutes
PART 3 COLLABORATIVE TASK
instead of fourteen. A 1:1 test format will only be allowed in
exceptional circumstances and emergencies.
This part tests the candidates ability to engage in a discussion and
The Speaking test consists of four parts, each of which is
to work towards a negotiated outcome of the task set.
assessed. Each part of the test focuses on a different type of
interaction: between the interlocutor and each candidate,
Sample tasks and assessment criteria: pages 58 and 59.
between the two candidates, and among all three. The
patterns of discourse vary within each part of the test.
The candidates are given oral instructions and provided with a
visual stimulus (one or several photographs/artwork/computer
PART 1 INTERVIEW
graphics, etc.) to form the basis for a task which they carry out
together. Candidates are expected to work towards a
This part tests the candidates ability to provide information about
negotiated completion of the task and are assessed on their
themselves and to offer their opinions on a range of topics.
speaking skills while doing this; they are not penalised if they
do not complete the task.
Sample tasks and assessment criteria: pages 56 and 59.
The task gives candidates the opportunity to show their own
range of language and their ability to invite the opinions and
This part of the test gives candidates the opportunity to show
ideas of their partner. There is no right or wrong answer to the
their ability to give basic personal information about
task.
themselves, e.g. family life, daily routines, free-time activities,
etc. Candidates are expected to respond to the interlocutor s
questions, and to listen to what their partner has to say.
The candidates do not need to talk to each other in this part of
the test, though they may if they wish.
fce examination | paper 5: speaking
53
PART 4 DISCUSSION
By part
PART 1
This part tests the candidates ability to engage in a discussion based
on the topic of the collaborative task in Part 3.
In this part of the test, examiners will ask candidates a
range of questions about their everyday life, for example
sports they enjoy, travel and holidays, work experience and so
Sample tasks and assessment criteria: pages 58 and 59.
on. Encourage students to respond promptly with answers
which are complete and spontaneous. Rehearsed speeches
In this part of the test, the interlocutor directs the interaction
should be avoided as these might be inappropriate for the
by asking questions which encourage the candidates to
question asked.
broaden and discuss further the topics introduced in Part 3.
Encourage your students to look for opportunities to
This part of the test gives candidates an opportunity to show
socialise with English speakers. In class, they could role-play
that they are capable of discussing certain issues in more
social occasions in which they meet new people, e.g. parties,
depth than in the previous parts of the test.
long train journeys, joining a new class, starting a new job.
Students could be put into small groups to brainstorm
questions from the categories above. The different groups
Preparation
could then answer each other s questions.
The questions asked in Part 1 may relate to past
General
experiences, present activities, or future plans. Make your
Classroom activities which involve students working in
students aware of the different structures required to respond
pairs and small groups will give them practice in skills such as
to these questions appropriately.
showing sensitivity to turn-taking and responding
PART 2
appropriately to their partners, which are essential to success
in the Speaking test.
Teach your students to listen carefully to the instructions
and to carry them out. The examiner always asks the
Make sure your students are familiar with the format of
candidates to compare and contrast the photographs and
each part of the test. They should be aware of the different
say& . Remind your students that they should listen carefully
interaction patterns (who speaks to whom) and what stimulus
to the instructions which follow the words and say& . If they
will be provided by the examiner.
do not do this in the test, they may miss the focus of the task
Encourage your students to speak clearly and audibly so
and find it difficult to speak for a full minute.
that they can be heard by both the interlocutor and assessor,
Encourage your students to paraphrase instructions orally.
and to paraphrase when they do not know or cannot
This will help them to understand precisely what they have to
remember a word.
do.
Train your students to listen carefully to the instructions so
Writing the instructions down in their own words may
that they know precisely what they have to talk about.
improve your students awareness of the type of questions
Encourage your students to initiate discussion and to
asked. Remember, however, that while it is not possible for
respond to what other students have to say. Remind them that
candidates to make notes during the Speaking test, it is
they can always ask the examiner to repeat the instructions or
acceptable for them to ask the examiner to repeat the
a question before they embark on the task.
instructions if they feel it is needed.
N.B. In some centres candidates from the same school are paired
Asking your students to talk for up to a minute about any
together. However, where candidates from a number of different
topic (such as things they do in their free time, or ways to
schools are entered at the same centre, some candidates may find
learn vocabulary) will give them practice in organising an
that they are paired with a candidate from another school. Students
extended turn and in linking their ideas together.
should check with the centre through which they are entering for the
Give your students practice for this part of the test by
local procedure.
cutting thematically linked pairs of photographs from
magazines and giving them a focus. For example, you might
choose photographs of two different types of holiday and ask
your students to compare and contrast the photographs and
say what people would enjoy about a holiday in each of the
different places.
Students could bring photographs to class and speak about
them.
fce examination | paper 5: speaking
54
54
At FCE level, candidates are not expected to give detailed PART 4
descriptions of each picture. Rather, candidates are asked to
Encourage your students to give full answers to the
compare and contrast the pictures and give some personal
questions asked.
reaction. Get your students to share ideas in pairs or small
groups about what they might say before attempting the task. Let your students practise asking each other for their
opinions on everyday situations and current events and
Your students may find it useful to observe a good model
encourage them to give full answers to the questions asked.
answer given by a more advanced learner of English or by the
teacher. Candidates should take the opportunity to initiate
discussions and to involve the other candidate in the
Encourage your students to focus on achieving accurate
discussion. Therefore, as with Part 3, classroom discussions in
production of structures and vocabulary which are likely to be
pairs and small groups provide excellent preparation.
useful in this part. In particular, ways of expressing similarity
and difference may help: e.g. they both & ; one similarity is that In order to raise awareness of the types of questions asked
& ; one difference is that & ; in this picture there s & , whereas in and of effective ways of answering them, it may help to give
the other there s & . Remind your students that using pairs of students different topics and ask each pair to think of
comparatives and linking words will produce a more extended six discussion questions for their topic. These sets of
and coherent sample of speech than simply stringing together questions could then be exchanged by the different pairs and
a series of simple statements. This will help gain them marks discussed.
under the assessment criterion Discourse Management.
Encourage your students to focus on achieving accurate
Practice for this part of the test should be timed as students production of functional language likely to be useful in this
need a feel for how long one minute is. Without this, they may type of discussion. This will probably include ways of
finish the task too quickly and as a result fail to give the expressing and justifying opinions, and agreeing and
examiners an adequate sample of language. disagreeing.
PART 3 Remind your students that this is not a test of knowledge. It
is quite acceptable to admit to not knowing much about a
Remind your students to make full use of the visual
particular topic, but this should be followed by some sort of
prompts before coming to a decision. If they decide too
opinion (e.g. I don t actually know very much about this, but & , so
quickly, they may run out of things to say. In this part of the
that the response provides a larger sample of language for
test, the examiner will say First talk about & Then decide & The
assessment than I don t know .
First talk about instruction forms the bulk of the task. Train
your students to move on to negotiating a decision only after
having discussed the content of the visuals fully.
It is very important for candidates to interact with each
other when they carry out the task. All classroom discussion
in pairs and small groups, therefore, provides excellent
preparation.
Remind your students to make positive contributions to move
the discussion forward and show a willingness to take turns,
inviting others to speak and listening and responding,
as well as initiating discussion themselves.
In classroom activities, one student in each group could be
made responsible for ensuring that every member of the group
gets an equal opportunity to speak, so that students become
alerted to the importance of turn-taking.
It may be useful to focus on achieving accurate production
of functional language likely to be useful in this type of
discussion. This may include ways of managing the
discussion: e.g. Shall we start with this one? ; What do you
think? ; Shall we move on to & ? . Ways of expressing and
justifying opinions, and agreeing and disagreeing (politely) are
also likely to be useful.
fce examination | paper 5: speaking
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PAPER 5: SPEAKING
Part 1
fce examination | paper 5: speaking sample paper
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56
PAPER 5: SPEAKING
Part 2
17 18
fce examination | paper 5: speaking sample paper
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For Oral Examiners Use Only
First Certificate in English
Speaking Test
Parts 3 & 4
2002 Test Materials 30 Film club
Part 3 (3 minutes)
Interlocutor Now, I'd like you to talk about something together for about three minutes.
I'm just going to listen.
The film club at your school has asked you to choose two films which
would be interesting for the students to watch and then discuss. Here
are the films they are considering.
[Place picture sheet 30 in front of the candidates.]
First, talk to each other about how interesting these different types of
film would be. Then decide which two would be the best for students
to discuss.
You have only about three minutes for this. So, once again, don't worry if I
stop you, and please speak so that we can hear you. All right?
Candidates
& & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & ..
3 minutes
Interlocutor Thank you.
[Retrieve picture sheet 30.]
Part 4 (4 minutes)
Interlocutor [Select any of the following questions as appropriate:]
How popular do you think a club like this would be?
What sort of films do you never watch? & .. Why?
Are there any films that you d like to see again? & .. Why (not)?
Would you prefer to be in a film or behind the camera?
How important do you think it is to watch films in English?
What can you learn about a country s culture by watching films
from that country?
Thank you. That is the end of the test.
[Check that all test materials have been replaced in the file.]
UCLES 2002
Parts 3 and 4
PAPER 5: SPEAKING
58
f c e e x a mi na t i o n
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p a p e r 5: sp e aki ng s a mp l e p a p e r
30
Pronunciation
Assessment
This refers to the candidate s ability to produce
Throughout the test candidates are assessed on their own
comprehensible utterances to fulfil the task requirements.
individual performance and not in relation to each other. Both
This includes stress, rhythm and intonation as well as
examiners assess the candidates according to criteria which
individual sounds. Examiners put themselves in the position
are interpreted at FCE level. The assessor awards marks
of the non-EFL specialist and assess the overall impact of the
according to four analytical criteria:
pronunciation and the degree of effort required to understand
the candidate.
" Grammar and Vocabulary
STRESS AND RHYTHM: The appropriate use of strong and weak
" Discourse Management
syllables in words and connected speech, the linking of words,
" Pronunciation
and the effective highlighting of information-bearing words in
" Interactive Communication.
utterances.
INTONATION: The use of a sufficiently wide pitch range and the
The interlocutor awards a Global Achievement mark, which is
appropriate use of intonation to convey intended meanings.
based on the analytical scales.
INDIVIDUAL SOUNDS: The effective articulation of individual
These criteria should be interpreted within the overall context
sounds to facilitate understanding.
of the Cambridge Common Scale for Speaking on page 60,
where FCE is at Level 3.
Different varieties of English, e.g. British, North American,
Australian etc., are acceptable, provided they are used
Grammar and Vocabulary
consistently throughout the test.
This refers to the accurate and appropriate use of grammatical
Interactive Communication
forms and vocabulary. It also includes the range of both
grammatical forms and vocabulary. Performance is viewed in
This refers to the candidate s ability to take an active part in
terms of the overall effectiveness of the language used.
the development of the discourse, showing sensitivity to turn-
taking and without undue hesitation. It requires the ability to
RANGE: The active use of a range of grammatical forms and
participate in the range of interactive situations in the test
vocabulary.
and to develop discussions on a range of topics by initiating
ACCURACY: The accurate use of grammatical forms and syntax.
and responding appropriately. It also refers to the deployment
APPROPRIACY: The appropriate use of vocabulary to deal with
of strategies to maintain and repair interaction at an
the tasks.
appropriate level throughout the test so that the tasks can be
fulfilled.
Discourse Management
INITIATING AND RESPONDING: The ability to participate in a
This refers to the candidate s ability to link utterances
range of situations and to develop the interaction by initiating
together to form coherent monologue and contributions to
and responding appropriately.
dialogue. The utterances should be relevant to the tasks and to
HESITATION: The ability to participate in the development of
preceding utterances in the discourse. The discourse produced
the interaction without undue hesitation.
should be at a level of complexity appropriate to FCE level and
TURN-TAKING: The sensitivity to listen, speak, and allow others
the utterances should be arranged logically to develop the
to speak, as appropriate.
themes or arguments required by the tasks. The extent of the
contributions should be appropriate, i.e. long or short as
Global Achievement Scale
required at a particular point in the dynamic development of
the discourse in order to achieve the task.
This scale refers to the candidate s overall effectiveness in
dealing with the tasks in the four separate parts of the FCE
COHERENCE: The logical arrangement of utterances to form
Speaking test. The global mark is an independent, impression
spoken discourse and to develop arguments or themes.
mark which reflects the assessment of the candidate s
EXTENT: The appropriate length of individual contributions
performance from the interlocutor s perspective.
(long or short) to develop the discourse and deal with the
tasks.
Typical minimum adequate performance
RELEVANCE: The relevance of contributions to the tasks and to
Although there are some inaccuracies, the candidate s control
preceding contributions in the discourse.
of grammar and vocabulary is sufficiently accurate to deal
with the tasks. Contributions are mostly coherent, with some
extended discourse. Candidates at this level can generally be
understood and are able to maintain the interaction and deal
with the tasks without major prompting.
fce examination | paper 5: speaking assessment
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LEVEL MASTERY
Marking
c2 CERTIFICATE OF PROFICIENCY IN ENGLISH:
Fully operational command of the spoken language
Assessment is based on performance in the whole test, and is
" Able to handle communication in most situations, including
not related to performance in particular parts of the test.
unfamiliar or unexpected ones.
" Able to use accurate and appropriate linguistic resources to
In many countries, Oral Examiners are assigned to teams, each
express complex ideas and concepts and produce extended
of which is led by a Team Leader who may be responsible for
discourse that is coherent and always easy to follow.
approximately fifteen Oral Examiners. Team Leaders give " Rarely produces inaccuracies and inappropriacies.
" Pronunciation is easily understood and prosodic features are
advice and support to Oral Examiners, as required.
used effectively; many features, including pausing and
hesitation, are native-like .
The Team Leaders are responsible to a Senior Team Leader,
who is the professional representative of Cambridge ESOL for
LEVEL EFFECTIVE OPERATIONAL PROFICIENCY
the Speaking tests. Senior Team Leaders are appointed by
c1 CERTIFICATE IN ADVANCED ENGLISH:
Cambridge ESOL and attend an annual co-ordination and
Good operational command of the spoken language
development session in the UK. Team Leaders are appointed
" Able to handle communication in most situations.
by the Senior Team Leader in consultation with the local
" Able to use accurate and appropriate linguistic resources to
express ideas and produce discourse that is generally coherent.
administration.
" Occasionally produces inaccuracies and inappropriacies.
After initial training of examiners, standardisation of marking " Maintains a flow of language with only natural hesitation
resulting from considerations of appropriacy or expression.
is maintained by both annual examiner co-ordination sessions
" L1 accent may be evident but does not affect the clarity of the
and by monitoring visits to centres by Team Leaders. During
message.
co-ordination sessions, examiners watch and discuss sample
Speaking tests recorded on video and then conduct practice
LEVEL VANTAGE
tests with volunteer candidates in order to establish a
b2 FIRST CERTIFICATE IN ENGLISH:
common standard of assessment.
Generally effective command of the spoken language
" Able to handle communication in familiar situations.
The sample tests on video are selected to demonstrate a range
" Able to organise extended discourse but occasionally produces
utterances that lack coherence and some inaccuracies and
of nationalities and different levels of competence, and are
inappropriate usage occur.
pre-marked by a team of experienced assessors.
" Maintains a flow of language, although hesitation may occur
whilst searching for language resources.
" Although pronunciation is easily understood, L1 features may be
intrusive.
Cambridge ESOL Common Scale
" Does not require major assistance or prompting by an interlocutor.
for Speaking
LEVEL THRESHOLD
The Cambridge ESOL Common Scale for Speaking has been
b1 PRELIMINARY ENGLISH TEST:
developed to help users to:
Limited but effective command of the spoken language
" Able to handle communication in most familiar situations.
" interpret levels of performance in the Cambridge Tests
" Able to construct longer utterances but is not able to use complex
language except in well-rehearsed utterances.
from beginner to advanced
" Has problems searching for language resources to express ideas
" identify typical performance qualities at particular levels
and concepts resulting in pauses and hesitation.
" Pronunciation is generally intelligible, but L1 features may put a
" locate performance in one examination against
strain on the listener.
performance in another.
" Has some ability to compensate for communication difficulties
using repair strategies but may require prompting and assistance
The Common Scale is designed to be useful to test candidates
by an interlocutor.
and other test users (e.g. admissions officers or employers).
The description at each level of the Common Scale aims to
LEVEL WAYSTAGE
provide a brief, general description of the nature of spoken
a2 KEY ENGLISH TEST:
language ability at a particular level in real-world contexts. In
Basic command of the spoken language
this way the wording offers an easily understandable " Able to convey basic meaning in very familiar or highly
predictable situations.
description of performance which can be used, for example, in
" Produces utterances which tend to be very short words or
specifying requirements to language trainers, formulating job
phrases with frequent hesitations and pauses.
descriptions and specifying language requirements for new
" Dependent on rehearsed or formulaic phrases with limited
generative capacity.
posts.
" Only able to produce limited extended discourse.
" Pronunciation is heavily influenced by L1 features and may at
times be difficult to understand.
" Requires prompting and assistance by an interlocutor to prevent
communication from breaking down.
fce examination | paper 5: speaking assessment
60
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