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Convention on the prevention and punishment of the crime of genocide
Adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 9 December 1948
The Contracting Parties,
Having considered the declaration made by the General Assembly of the United Nations in its resolution 96
(I) dated 11 December 1946that genocide is a crime under international law, contrary to the spirit and aims
of the United Nations and condemned by the civilized world;
Recognizing that at all periods of history genocide has inflicted great losses on humanity; and
Being convinced that, in order to liberate mankind from such an odious scourge, international co-operation
is required,
Hereby agree as hereinafter provided:
Article I
The Contracting Parties confirm that genocide, whether committed in time of peace or in time of war, is a
crime under international law which they undertake to prevent and to punish.
Article II
In the present Convention, genocide means any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in
whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religions group, as such:
(a) Killing members of the group;
(b) Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group;
(c) Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in
whole or in part;
(d) Imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group;
(e) Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group.
Article III
The following acts shall be punishable:
(a) Genocide;
(b) Conspiracy to commit genocide;
(c) Direct and public incitement to commit genocide;
(d) Attempt to commit genocide;
Viadrina International Law Project
http://www.vilp.de
Ein Projekt des Lehrstuhls f黵 謋fentliches Recht insb. V鰈kerrecht, Europarecht sowie ausl鋘disches Verfassungsrecht.
Europa-Universit鋞 Viadrina, Frankfurt (Oder), 2002
http://voelkerrecht.euv-frankfurt-o.de
2
(e) Complicity in genocide.
Article IV
Persons committing genocide or any of the other acts enumerated in article III shall be punished, whether
they are constitutionally responsible rulers, public officials or private individuals.
Article V
The Contracting Parties undertake to enact, in accordance with their respective Constitutions, the
necessary legislation to give effect to the provisions of the present Convention and, in particular, to provide
effective penalties for persons guilty of genocide or of any of the other acts enumerated in article III.
Article VI
Persons charged with genocide or any of the other acts enumerated in article III shall be tried by a
competent tribunal of the State in the territory of which the act was committed, or by such international
penal tribunal as may have jurisdiction with respect to those Contracting Parties which shall have accepted
its jurisdiction.
Article VII
Genocide and the other acts enumerated in article III shall not be considered as political crimes for the
purpose of extradition. The Contracting Parties pledge themselves in such cases to grant extradition in
accordance with their laws and treaties in force.
Article VIII
Any Contracting Party may call upon the competent organs of the United Nations to take such action under
the Charter of the United Nations as they consider appropriate for the prevention and suppression of acts of
genocide or any of the other acts enumerated in article III.
Article IX
Disputes between the Contracting Parties relating to the interpretation, application or fulfilment of the
present Convention, including those relating to the responsibility of a State for genocide or for any of the
other acts enumerated in article III, shall be submitted to the International Court of Justice at the request of
any of the parties to the dispute.
Article X
The present Convention, of which the Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish texts are equally
authentic, shall bear the date of 9 December 1948.
Viadrina International Law Project
http://www.vilp.de
Ein Projekt des Lehrstuhls f黵 謋fentliches Recht insb. V鰈kerrecht, Europarecht sowie ausl鋘disches Verfassungsrecht.
Europa-Universit鋞 Viadrina, Frankfurt (Oder), 2002
http://voelkerrecht.euv-frankfurt-o.de
3
Article XI
The present Convention shall be open until 31 December 1949 for signature on behalf of any Member of the
United Nations and of any non-member State to which an invitation to sign bas been addressed by the
General Assembly. The present Convention shall be ratified, and the instruments of ratification shall be
deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations. After 1 January 1950 the present Convention
may be acceded to on behalf of any Member of the United Nations and of any non-member State which bas
received an invitation as aforesaid. Instruments of accession shall be deposited with the Secretary-General
of the United Nations.
Article XII
Any Contracting Party may at any time, by notification addressed to the Secretary-General of the United
Nations, extend the application of the present Convention to all or any of the territories for the conduct of
whose foreign relationsthat Contracting Party is responsible.
Article XIII
On the day when the first twenty instruments of ratification or accession have been deposited, the
Secretary-General shall draw up a proc艁s-verbal and transmit a copy thereof to each Member of the United
Nations and to each of the non-member States contemplated in article XI. The present Convention shall
come into force on the ninetieth day following the date of deposit of the twentieth instrument of ratification or
accession. Any ratification or accession effected subsequent to the latter date shall become effective on the
ninetieth day following the deposit of the instrument of ratification or accession.
Article XIV
The present Convention shall remain in effect for a period of ten years as from the date of its coming into
force. It shall thereafter remain in force for successive periods of five years for such Contracting Parties as
have not denounced it at least six months before the expiration of the current period. Denunciation shall be
effected by a written notification addressed to the Secretary-General of the United Nations.
Article XV
If, as a result of denunciations, the number of Parties to the present Convention should become less than
sixteen, the Convention shall cease to be in force as from the date on which the last of these denunciations
shall become effective.
Article XVI
A request for the revision of the present Convention may be made at any time by any Contracting Party by
means of a notification in writing addressed to the Secretary-General. The General Assembly shall decide
upon the steps, if any, to be taken in respect of such request.
Viadrina International Law Project
http://www.vilp.de
Ein Projekt des Lehrstuhls f黵 謋fentliches Recht insb. V鰈kerrecht, Europarecht sowie ausl鋘disches Verfassungsrecht.
Europa-Universit鋞 Viadrina, Frankfurt (Oder), 2002
http://voelkerrecht.euv-frankfurt-o.de
4
Article XVII
The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall notify all Members of the United Nations and the
non-member States contemplated in article XI of the following:
(a) Signatures, ratifications and accessions received in accordance with article XI;
(b) Notifications received in accordance with article XII;
(c) The date upon which the present Convention comes into force in accordance with article XIII;
(d) Denunciations received in accordance with article XIV;
(e) The abrogation of the Convention in accordance with article XV;
(f) Notifications received in accordance with article XVI.
Article XVIII
The original of the present Convention shall be deposited in the archives of the United Nations. A certified
copy of the Convention shall be transmitted to each Member of the United Nations and to each of the
non-member States contemplated in article XI.
Article XIX
The present Convention shall be registered by the Secretary-General of the United Nations on the date of
its coming into force.
Viadrina International Law Project
http://www.vilp.de
Ein Projekt des Lehrstuhls f黵 謋fentliches Recht insb. V鰈kerrecht, Europarecht sowie ausl鋘disches Verfassungsrecht.
Europa-Universit鋞 Viadrina, Frankfurt (Oder), 2002
http://voelkerrecht.euv-frankfurt-o.de
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