8=8AB5@AB2> >E@0=K 74>@>2LO #:@08=K
C30=A:89 3>AC40@AB25==K9 <548F8=A:89 C=825@A8B5B
$;>@8AB8G5A:89 >BG5B =0 B5<C:
5:0@AB25==K5 @0AB5=8O, 459AB2CNI85 =0 =5@2=CN A8AB5<C.
K?>;=8;: ABC45=B:0 2 :C@A0
D0@<0F52B8G5A:>3> D0:-B0 3@.60
>2>E0F:0O . ..
@>25@8;: >?0AB8=A:89 . .
C30=A:, 2006
8@ >1K:=>25==K9
@>==8:>2K5 - 30A505.
0@>4=>5 =0720=85: <5G5:>@5=L.
A?>;L7C5<K5 G0AB8: :>@=528I5 (157 ?@840B>G=KE :>@=59). ;O
C?>B@51;5=8O 2=CB@L 8A?>;L7CNB B>;L:> >G8I5==>5 >B :>@K :>@=528I5, 4;O
20== =5>G8I5==>5 (10==K9 08@).
?B5G=>5 =08<5=>20=85: :>@=528I5 08@0 - Calami rhizoma (@0=55:
Rhizoma Calami), 08@>2>5 <0A;> Calami aetheroleum (@0=55: Oleum Calami).
>B0=8G5A:>5 >?8A0=85. -B>B B@02O=8ABK9 <=>3>;5B=8: 6825B =0 >G5=L
2;06=>9 ?>G25, C:@5?;OOAL 2 =59 A2>8< @0725B2;5==K< :>@=528I5< 4> 3 A< 2
B>;I8=C. ! =86=59 AB>@>=K :>@=528I0 >BE>4OB <=>3>G8A;5==K5 ?@840B>G=K5
:>@=8, :>B>@K<8 @0AB5=85 ?>3;>I05B ?8B0B5;L=K5 25I5AB20, 0 225@E >B
:>@=528I0 08@ 2K1@0AK205B <5G5284=K5 ;8ABLO, A2KH5 1 < 2 4;8=C. 8N=5-
8N;5 =0 F25B>=>A5, >G5=L ?>E>65< =0 ;8ABLO, ?>O2;O5BAO A>F25B85 2 2845
?>G0B:0, :>B>@>5, E>BO 8 >1@07C5B <5;:85, =5?@8<5B=K5 75;5=>20BK5 F25B:8, 2
CA;>28OE 5@<0=88, >4=0:>, =5 405B ?;>4>2. 07<=>65=85 >ACI5AB2;O5BAO
2535B0B82=> (:>@=528I0<8). 5@<0=88 08@ =0G8=05B C?><8=0BLAO ;8HL A 1560
3>40. 3> <>6=> =09B8 ?> 15@530< ?@C4>2, 2 701>;>G5==KE :0=020E 8 1>;>B0E,
1>;>B8ABKE ;5A0E.
!1>@ 8 703>B>2:0. 09B8 08@ =5;53:>, 0 A>18@0BL 53> 2 1>;55 8;8 <5=55
7=0G8B5;L=>< :>;8G5AB25 8 ?>402=>. >MB><C A>740=K :@C?=K5 E>7O9AB20,
:>B>@K5 70=8<0NBAO ?>A04:0<8 :>@=528I 08@0, GB>1K 87 =8E ?>;CG8BL <>I=K5
@0AB5=8O. ! 8N=O ?> 8N;L, 0 2 ?>A04:0E 8 ?>765 (2 =0G0;5 >A5=8), :>@=528I0
2K:0?K20NB. >A;5 >A=>20B5;L=>9 >G8AB:8 8E @07@570NB 24>;L, <=>3>:@0B=>
@0AA5:0NB =0 :CA:8 4;8=>9 10-20 A< 8 2K:;04K20NB 2 70B5=5==>< <5AB5 4;O
ACH:8. A;8 20< =5>1E>48< 08@ 4;O C?>B@51;5=8O 2=CB@L, 8<55B A<KA;
>G8AB8BL :>@=528I5 >B :>@K 5I5 4> ACH:8.
59AB2CNI85 25I5AB20: MD8@=>5 <0A;> A (3-070@>=>< 8 3>@5G8. @><5
B>3>, ?>-2848<><C, >?@545;5==>9 0:B82=>ABLN >1;040NB 2AB@5G0NI85AO 2
<5=LH5< :>;8G5AB25 4C18;L=K5 25I5AB20. 8B0<8=K, <8=5@0;L=K5 25I5AB20,
15;>: 8 :@0E<0;, >1KG=> 2E>4OI85 2 A>AB02 :>@=528I, C 08@0, A B>G:8 7@5=8O
8E 459AB28O, O2;ONBAO ;8HL A>?CBAB2CNI8<8 25I5AB20<8.
&5;51=>5 459AB285 8 ?@8<5=5=85. 8@ >B=>A8BAO : 3@C??5
0@><0B8G5A:8E 3>@5G59 8 ?>MB><C ?@8<5=8< ?@8 65;C4>G=>-:8H5G=KE
701>;520=8OE 8 1>;57=OE 65;G52K2>4OI59 A8AB5<K, ?@8 ?>B5@5 0??5B8B0 8 4;O
>1I53> ?>2KH5=8O B>=CA0 ?8I520@8B5;L=>3> B@0:B0. A>15==> E>@>H> 08@
?><>305B ?@8 65;C4>G=>-:8H5G=KE 701>;520=8OE, ?@8G8=C :>B>@KE A;54C5B
8A:0BL 2 2535B0B82=>9 =5@2=>9 A8AB5<5. "0:85 1>;L=K5 - >1KG=> EC4K5, ?>GB8
48AB@>D8:8 - 60;CNBAO =0 B>, GB> C =8E @54:> 1K205B E>@>H89 0??5B8B, 0 5A;8
8 ?>O2;O5BAO, B> ?@>?0405B, :0: B>;L:> >=8 A04OBAO 70 AB>;. 4OB >=8 :@09=5
<54;5==> 8 @04CNBAO ;N1>9 ?0C75, 2>7=8:0NI59 2 ?@>F5AA5 54K, 0 ?>B><C
2A5340 "?;5BCBAO" 70 AB>;>< ?>7048 2A5E. >A;5 54K >=8 60;CNBAO =0 GC2AB2>
BO65AB8, 402;5=85 2 65;C4:5, 8=>340 =0 A?07<0B8G5A:85 1>;8 8 G0AB> =0 :8A;CN
>B@K6:C. >=>AK 8 70?>@K G5@54CNBAO. K20NB, ?@0240, ?5@8>4K, :>340 >=8
A>2A5< =5 AB@040NB >B A2>53> =54C30, ?>:0 :0:>5-;81> 45;> A> A?5H:>9 8
2>;=5=85< 8;8 ;8G=K5 =5273>4K =5 A254CB =0 =5B E>@>H55 A0<>GC2AB285. @0G
=5 =0E>48B C MB8E ?0F85=B>2 =8:0:8E >@30=8G5A:8E =0@CH5=89, :>=AB0B8@CO
;8HL ?>2KH5==CN 8;8 ?>=865==CN :8A;>B=>ABL 65;C4>G=>3> A>:0.
@>?8AK205<K5 <548:0<5=BK, 2>7<>6=>, ?><>30NB, => =0 >G5=L :>@>B:>5
2@5<O. 8 A?07<>;8B8:8 (25I5AB20, A=8<0NI85 A?07<K), =8 0=B0F84K
(25I5AB20, A2O7K20NI85 :8A;>BK), =8 D5@<5=B0B82=K5 ?@5?0@0BK, :>B>@K5
A?>A>1AB2CNB ?8I520@5=8N, 8;8 A>>B25BAB2CNI85 :><18=0F88 =5 ?@82>4OB :
AB>9:><C C;CGH5=8N. <5==> B0:8< ?0F85=B0< >B<5==> ?><>305B :C@A
;5G5=8O G05< 87 08@0. A;8 >=8 @53C;O@=> ?5@54 :064K< ?@85<>< ?8I8 - =5
<5=55 2 @07 2 45=L - ?LNB ?> 1 G0H:5 B5?;>20B>3> G0O 87 08@0, =54C38 ?@>E>4OB
<54;5==>, => =0456=>. ;O CA8;5=8O F5;51=>3> 459AB28O G0O E>@>H>
70@5:><5=4>20;0 A51O ?@0:B8:0 ?@8<5=5=8O 20== A 08@><.
" '09 87 08@0: 2 G09=K5 ;>6:8 (?@8<5@=> 3 3) <5;:>
=0@570==>3> >G8I5==>3> >B :>@K :>@=528I0 08@0 70;820NB 1/4 ;
:8?OI59 2>4K 8 =0AB0820NB ?@8<5@=> 15 <8=CB. >A;5 ?@>F56820=8O
G09 =C6=> ?8BL B5?;>20BK<.
" 0==0 A 08@><: ;O 20==K 87 08@0 - 5A;8 =5 8A?>;L7>20BL
3>B>2K5 M:AB@0:BK - =C6=> ?@8<5@=> 100 3 =5>G8I5==>3> >B :>@K
:>@=528I0 08@0.:>B>@K5 :8?OBOB 10 <8=CB 2 1 ; 2>4K 8 ?>B><
?@>F56820NB. !F565==>9 684:>AB8 4>AB0B>G=> 4;O >4=>9
=0?>;=5==>9 2>4>9 20==K. >A:>;L:C MB8 20==K 459AB2CNB
2>71C640NI5, 8E =5 A;54C5B ?@8=8<0BL 25G5@><. 0==K 87 08@0
1;03>B2>@=> 2;8ONB =0 >@30=87< B0:65 ?@8 >1I5< 8AB>I5=88 ?>A;5
4;8B5;L=KE 1>;57=5==KE A>AB>O=89 8 ?@8 @07;8G=KE =0@CH5=8OE
>1<5=0 25I5AB2.
@8<5=5=85 2 =0@>4=>9 <548F8=5. >-2848<><C, B@C4=> =09B8 :0:>5-
=81C4L 4@C3>5 F5;51=>5 @0AB5=85, ?@8<5=5=85 :>B>@>3> 4>AB>25@=> 2>AE>48B :
VII 25:C 4> =0H59 M@K. @52=5?5@A84A:85 ?8AL<5=0 3>2>@OB, GB> 08@
8A?>;L7>20;AO C65 2 B> 2@5<O. 5 B>;L:> 2 5@A88, => 8 2 8B05, 8 2 =488 53>
7=0;8 :0: 25;8:>;5?=>5 65;C4>G=>5 A@54AB2> C65 704>;3> 4> =0H53>
;5B>AG8A;5=8O. 2@>?C 08@ 1K; -8=B@>4C-F8@>20= .. 0BB8>;CA><
?@8<5@=> 2 1560 3>4C. @842>@=K9 2@0G 8<?5@0B>@0 $5@48=0=40 I ?>;CG8; MB>
@0AB5=85 87 >=AB0=B8=>?>;O. ! MB>3> 2@5<5=8 08@ F5=8BAO 2 =0@>4=>9
<548F8=5 :0: A@54AB2> ?@>B82 =0@CH5=89 2 A8AB5<5 ?8I520@5=8O 2 F5;><.
!25@E B>3> G09 87 :>@=528I0 08@0 8A?>;L7CNB :0: <>NI55 A@54AB2> ?@>B82
:>6=KE AK?59 8 ?5@E>B8. -D8@=>5 08@>2>5 <0A;>, ?>;CG05<>5 ?CB5< ?5@53>=:8
A 2>4O=K< ?0@><, 8;8 A?8@B>20O 2KBO6:0 87 :>@=528I 08@0 8A?>;L7CNBAO
B0:65 :0: @0AB8@0=85 ?@>B82 @52<0B8G5A:8E =54C3>2.
>1>G=K5 459AB28O. 5A<>B@O =0 ?>;>68B5;L=K5 :0G5AB20 08@0, A;54C5B
2>745@6820BLAO >B 4;8B5;L=KE :C@A>2 ;5G5=8O 8<, B0: :0: fj-070@>= (C
52@>?59A:8E 284>2 08@0 2AB@5G05BAO B>;L:> :0: A;54K) <>65B >:07K20BL
>B@8F0B5;L=>5 2>7459AB285. 5 ?@8<5=OBL ?@8 15@5<5==>AB8!
:>=8B 8;8 1>@5F 0?B5G=K9
!<5@B5;L=> O4>28B! E@0=O5BAO.
NB8:>2K5 - Ranunculaceae.
A?>;L7C5<K5 G0AB8: <>;>4K5, MB>3> 3>40 :>@=52K5 :;C1=8, 0 B0:65 2AO
=0475<=0O G0ABL 2> 2@5<O F25B5=8O.
?B5G=>5 =08<5=>20=85: :;C1=8 0:>=8B0 - Aconiti tuber (@0=55: Tubera
Aconiti), B@020 0:>=8B0 - Aconiti herba (@0=55: Herba Aconiti).
>B0=8G5A:>5 >?8A0=85. =>3>;5B=55 @0AB5=85 A B>;ABK<8 A>G=K<8
:>@=O<8, :>B>@K5 5653>4=> >1@07CNB =>2K9 :;C15=L, B>340 :0: ?@>H;>3>4=89
>B<8@05B. @O<>AB>OG89 AB515;L 4> 120 (8=>340 150) A< 2 2KA>BC A 3;C1>:>
=04@570==K<8 5-7-;>?0AB=K<8 ;8ABLO<8. "5<=>-3>;C1K5 H;5<>284=K5 F25B:8
=0 :>@>B:8E F25B>=>6:0E A>1@0=K 2 4;8==CN <=>3>F25B:>2CN :>=5G=CN :8ABL.
&25B5B A 8N=O 4> A5=BO1@O. AB@5G05BAO 2 3>@=KE @09>=0E 2A59 &5=B@0;L=>9
2@>?K, >A>15==> =0 2;06=KE 2KA>:>3>@=KE;C30E, 345 ?>G2K 1>30BK
?8B0B5;L=K<8 25I5AB20<8. '0AB> @0AB5B A?;>H=K<8 70@>A;O<8.#65 745AL =04>
>B<5B8BL, GB> MB> @0AB5=85 A8;L=> O4>28B> 8 53> =8 2 :>5< A;CG05 =5;L7O
A0<>AB>OB5;L=> ?@8<5=OBL 157 A>25B0 2@0G0. 1 MB>< >1O70B5;L=> A;54C5B
?@54C?@5640BL 45B59. B@02;5=85 <>65B =0ABC?8BL 4065 2 B>< A;CG05, 5A;8
@515=>: 4>2>;L=> 4>;3> =5A :;C15=L 2> 2;06=>9 @C:5. :>=8B - >4=> 87 A0<KE
O4>28BKE 52@>?59A:8E @0AB5=89!
59AB2CNI85 25I5AB20: 0:>=8B8= 8 4@C385 0;:0;>84K.
&5;51=>5 459AB285 8 ?@8<5=5=85. D0@<0F52B8G5A:8E 4>70E 0:>=8B
459AB2C5B G5@57 =5@2=CN A8AB5<C =0 25AL >@30=87< 2 F5;><. 0 ?5@2>< <5AB5
AB>8B 1>;5CB>;ONI55 459AB285 ?@8 =52@0;38OE, 8H80A5 8 ?>403@5. !;54C5B
>B<5B8BL B0:65 1;03>?@8OB=>5 2;8O=85 0:>=8B0 ?@8 2KA>:>9 B5<?5@0BC@5 8
?@>ABC4=KE 701>;520=8OE (>A>15==> ?@8 =0A<>@:5 8 1@>=E8B5). @0G8 8=>340
=07=0G0NB 53> 2=CB@L 2 2845 =0AB>9:8, 0 =0@C6=> 2 2845 684:8E @0AB8@0=89
8;8 <0759 - 4;O A=OB8O 1>;59. !0<>AB>OB5;L=>5 ;5G5=85, 70 8A:;NG5=85<
3><5>?0B8G5A:8E A@54AB2, 70?@5I05BAO!
A?>;L7>20=85 2 3><5>?0B88. ><5>?0B8G5A:>5 A@54AB2> Aconitum
3>B>2OB 87 A2568E F25BCI8E @0AB5=89. 3> G0AB> =07=0G0NB 2 @072545=88 D4
?@8 ;8E>@04>G=KE A>AB>O=8OE, =0ABC?0NI8E 2> 2@5<O ?@>ABC4=KE
701>;520=89, 0 B0:65 ?@8 3@8??5, =52@0;38OE, 8H80A5 8 4@C38E 1>;52KE
A8=4@><0E. 065 ?@8 =5:>B>@KE A5@45G=KE 60;>10E =07=0G0NB Aconitum.
@8=O2 Aconitum D4 (3-5 @07 2 45=L ?> 5-10 :0?5;L) ?@8 ?5@2KE ?@87=0:0E
?@>ABC4K, :>340 B>;L:> =0G8=0NBAO >7=>1 8 G8E0=85, <>6=> ?@54>B2@0B8BL
@0728B85 3@8??>7=>9 8=D5:F88.
@8<5=5=85 2 =0@>4=>9 <548F8=5. 4@52=>AB8 0:>=8B 7=0;8 1>;LH5
:0: O4>28B>5 @0AB5=85, =565;8 ;5:0@AB25==>5. < A<07K20;8 =0:>=5G=8:8
AB@5; 8 :>?89, 0 B0:65 ;5728O <5G59. ;8=89 A>>1I05B B>;L:> > 53>
8A?>;L7>20=88 ?@8 ;5G5=88 3;07=KE 1>;57=59. 0 B>< 65 C@>2=5 >AB0;0AL 8
<548F8=0 A@54=525:>2LO. ?5@2K5 8< 708=B5@5A>20;0AL 3><5>?0B8O, 0 C65 70B5<
0:>=8B AB0;8 ?@8<5=OBL 8 2 =0@>4=>9 <548F8=5. @>ABC40, 1>;8 @07=>9
?@8@>4K, @52<0B87<, ?>403@0, 15AA>==8F0, 2>A?0;5=8O ?8I520@8B5;L=>3>
B@0:B0 8 4KE0B5;L=KE ?CB59 - 2>B >A=>2=>9 A?5:B@ 53> 8A?>;L7>20=8O. ;02=K<
>1@07>< ?@8<5=O;8 A?8@B>2K5 =0AB>9:8 B@02K 8;8 28=> A 4>102;5=85<
0:>=8B0. / 4>;65=, >4=0:>, 5I5 @07 ?@54>AB5@5GL >B A0<>AB>OB5;L=>3>
?@8<5=5=8O MB>3> @0AB5=8O, >4=>3> 87 A0<KE O4>28BKE 2 =0H59 D;>@5.
>1>G=K5 459AB28O. AG0ABLN, >B@02;5=8O 0:>=8B>< 87-70
=5?@028;L=>3> ?@8<5=5=8O 53> :0: ;5:0@AB25==>3> @0AB5=8O >G5=L @54:8. 5B59
B0:65 2@O4 ;8 A>1;07=OB 53> ?;>4K 8;8 4@C385 G0AB8 @0AB5=8O. "5< =5 <5=55
A;54C5B 7=0BL > ?@87=0:0E >B@02;5=8O 8<. G5=L A:>@> (C65 A?CABO =5A:>;L:>
<8=CB) ?>O2;O5BAO 665=85 2> @BC 8 7C4 2> 2A5< B5;5. 4=>2@5<5==> =0G8=05BAO
>18;L=>5 2K45;5=85 ?>B0, A>?@>2>6405<>5 >7=>1>< 8 @57:8< >ICI5=85<
E>;>40. 0;L=59H8<8 A8<?B><0<8 >B@02;5=8O 1C4CB B>H=>B0, @2>B0 8 ?>=>A.
0:>=5F, =5<5NB :>=5G=>AB8, 4KE0=85 70<54;O5BAO 8 AB0=>28BAO
?>25@E=>AB=K<, 8 C65 G5@57 20 <8=CB <>65B =0ABC?8BL A<5@BL 2 @57C;LB0B5
:>;;0?A0. 5@K ?5@2>9 ?><>I8 =C6=> ?@8=8<0BL 157 ?@><54;5=8O: A@07C 65
>1@0B8B5AL 2 A;C61C A:>@>9 ?><>I8 8;8 2 1>;L=8FC! >AB0@09B5AL 2K720BL C
?>AB@0402H53> @2>BC, 402 5<C 2K?8BL A>;5=>9 2>4K (1-2 AB>;>2K5 ;>6:8
?>20@5==>9 A>;8 =0 AB0:0= 2>4K) 8 @074@060O 3;>B:C ?0;LF5<, ?5@>< 8;8
G5@5=:>< ;>6:8. >A;5 >G8I5=8O 65;C4:0 409B5 2K?8BL 0:B828@>20==K9 C3>;L
(20-30 3 271>;B0BL 2 2>45). 8:>340 =8G53> =5 4020BL G5;>25:C, ?>B5@O2H5<C
A>7=0=85
>O@KH=8:
>7>F25B=K5 - Rosaceae.
A?>;L7C5<K5 G0AB8: F25B:8, ;8ABLO 8 ?;>4K.
?B5G=>5 =08<5=>20=85: F25B:8 1>O@KH=8:0 - Crataegi flos (@0=55:
Flores Crataegi), ?;>4K 1>O@KH=8:0 - Crataegi fructus (@0=55: Fructus Crataegi),
;8ABLO 8 F25B:8 2 A<5A8 - Crataegi folium cum flore.
>B0=8G5A:>5 >?8A0=85. >O@KH=8:8, 8A?>;L7C5<K5 4;O ;5:0@AB25==KE
F5;59, - :CAB0@=8:8 A@54=53> @07<5@0 8;8 =51>;LH85 45@52F0. AB@K5 :>;NG:8,
:>B>@K<8 A=0165=K AB51;8, =0@O4C A @>A:>H=K<8 15;K<8 F25B:0<8 2
?@O<>AB>OG8E I8B:>284=KE A>F25B8OE, 40;8 @0AB5=8N 53> =5<5F:>5 =0720=85 -
Weibdom (15;0O :>;NG:0). 8ABLO 1>O@KH=8:0, A 25@E=59 AB>@>=K B5<=>-
75;5=K5, A =86=59 - A25B;55, 4> 3>;C1>20B>-75;5=KE, 8<5NB :>@>B:85 G5@5H:8 8
2 25@E=59 G0AB8 @0AB5=8O G0I5 2A53> B@5E;>?0AB=K5. > :@0N >=8 ?8;LG0BK5, A
7C1F0<8 @07=>9 25;8G8=K. &25B5B A <0O ?> 8N=L. 0AB5B 2 A25B;KE
:CAB0@=8:>2KE 70@>A;OE, 2 682KE 873>@>4OE 8 24>;L 701>@>2, ?> A>;=5G=K<
A:;>=0< 8 2 ;8AB25==KE 8 A>A=>2KE ;5A0E.
!1>@ 8 703>B>2:0. &25B:8 8 ;8ABLO A>18@0NB 2> 2@5<O F25B5=8O 8 1KAB@>
ACH0B. !CECN A<5AL =C6=> E@0=8BL 2 E>@>H> 70:@K20NI8EAO 5<:>ABOE.
>A:>;L:C 459AB25==>ABL ?@8 A;8H:>< 4>;3>< E@0=5=88 CB@0G8205BAO, =C6=>
?> 2>7<>6=>AB8 A>18@0BL F25B:8 :064K9 3>4. ;>4K A=8<0NB 7@5;K<8, :>340
>=8 C65 ?>:@0A=5NB, 8 1KAB@> ACH0B. E B0:65 A;54C5B :064K9 3>4 A>18@0BL
70=>2>.
59AB2CNI85 25I5AB20. 59AB285 1>O@KH=8:0 >1CA;>2;5=> ?@5645
2A53> D;02>=>840<8, >;83><5@=K-<8 ?@>F80=848=0<8, 18>35==K<8 0<8=0<8 8
=5:>B>@K<8 4@C38<8 25I5AB20<8. ">;L:> 2708<>459AB285 2A5E A>45@60I8EAO 2
1>O@KH=8:5 25I5AB2 405B ?>;>68B5;L=K9 MDD5:B. "CB 206=> =5 AB>;L:>
AC<<8@>20=85 >B45;L=KE 2>7459AB289, A:>;L:> C@02=>25H820=85 2708<=>
?@>B82>?>;>6=KE 2;8O=89.
&5;51=>5 459AB285 8 ?@8<5=5=85. >O@KH=8: - >B;8G=>5 A5@45G=>5
A@54AB2>. 3> <>6=> ?@8<5=OBL ?@8 A0<KE @07=>>1@07=KE A5@45G=>-
A>AC48ABKE 701>;520=8OE =0H53> 2@5<5=8. 5>1E>48<>5 4;O CA?5E0
4;8B5;L=>5, 0 2 =5:>B>@KE A;CG0OE ?>AB>O==>5 53> ?@8<5=5=85 01A>;NB=>
1572@54=>, 53> 459AB285 2=CH8B5;L=> 8 C1548B5;L=>. ?@5645 2A53> 745AL
A;54C5B A:070BL > 2>7459AB288 1>O@KH=8:0 =0 AB0@G5A:>5 A5@4F5 - >= 53>
>682;O5B, C:@5?;O5B 8 ?>445@68205B. 1CA;>2;5==K5 AB0@5=85< O2;5=8O
4535=5@0F88 A5@45G=>9 <KHFK 8 A:;5@>B8G5A:85 87<5=5=8O :>@>=0@=KE
A>AC4>2 A5@4F0 A> A=865==K< :@>2>B>:>< 2K7K20NB C ?>68;KE 8 AB0@KE
;N459 O2;5=8O, >B :>B>@KE 25AL<0 459AB25==K< A@54AB2>< <>65B 1KBL :C@A
;5G5=8O 1>O@KH=8:>2K< G05<. !E>4=K A A5@45G=>-A>AC48ABK<8 701>;520=8O<8
?>68;KE ;N459 8 60;>1K B5E, :B> 8A?KBK205B ?>AB>O==K5 ?5@53@C7:8 8 C :>3>
2A;54AB285 MB>3> ?>O2;ONBAO @0==85 ?@87=0:8 87=>A0 >@30=87<0. >O@KH=8:
<>65B >1;53G8BL B0:85 A>AB>O=8O 8 - GB>, ?>60;C9, 5I5 206=55 - 459AB2>20BL
:0: ?@>D8;0:B8G5A:>5 A@54AB2>. =>385 =0G8=0NI85AO A5@45G=K5
701>;520=8O, :>B>@K5 5I5, A>1AB25==>, =5;L7O =0720BL 1>;57=O<8, => :>B>@K5,
>4=0:>, =5;L7O 8 >AB02;OBL 157 2=8<0=8O, - MB> 3;02=0O >1;0ABL ?@8<5=5=8O
1>O@KH=8:0. A;01;5=85 A5@45G=>9 <KHFK ?@>O2;O5BAO G0AB> ?@8 BO65;KE
8=D5:F8>==KE 1>;57=OE 8;8 ?>A;5 =8E. MB8E A;CG0OE A;54C5B ?>4C<0BL >
1>O@KH=8:5. ! ?><>ILN MB>3> F5;51=>3> @0AB5=8O 4>AB8305BAO C;CGH5=85
A5@45G=>9 45OB5;L=>AB8 8 ?@8 0@8B<88 A5@4F0, 0 B0:65 2 A;CG0OE, :>340
B@51C5BAO =>@<0;870F8O 2KA>:>3> :@>2O=>3> 402;5=8O. 5?>A@54AB25==> >B
2KA>:>3> :@>2O=>3> 402;5=8O 1>O@KH=8: =5 ?><>305B; 70D8:A8@>20=K B0:65
A;CG08, :>340 1>O@KH=8: ?>2KH0; :@>2O=>5 402;5=85, 5A;8 >=> 1K;>
?>=865==K<. A>1>5 7=0G5=85 ?@8>1@5B05B 1>O@KH=8: :0: A@54AB2>
4>;5G820NB ?>A;5 8=D0@:B0 <8>:0@40, :>340 =5>1E>48<> C;CGH5=85
:>@>=0@=>3> :@>2>>1@0I5=8O, B> 5ABL :@>2>B>:0 2 A>AC40E A5@4F0, GB>
>:07K205B 1;03>B2>@=>5 2>7459AB285 =0 :;5B:8 A5@45G=>9 <KHFK 2 A<KA;5
?>2KH5=8O 8E 0:B82=>AB8 8 C;CGH5=8O ?8B0=8O. KAB@>3> MDD5:B0 745AL
>6840BL, >4=0:>, =5;L7O. -B> =C6=> 7=0BL. ">;L:> 2K45@6:0 8 B5@?5=85
?@82>4OB : CA?5EC. <55BAO <=>65AB2> 3>B>2KE ?@5?0@0B>2, :>B>@K5 A>45@60B
459AB2CNI85 25I5AB20 1>O@KH=8:0, >4=0:> G09 87 53> F25B:>2 =5 EC65.
>AC40@AB25==0O A;C610 74@02>>E@0=5=8O 5@<0=88 @5:><5=4C5B A;54CNI85
>1;0AB8 ?@8<5=5=8O 4;O 1>O@KH=8:0 (F25B:8 8 ;8ABLO): A5@45G=0O
=54>AB0B>G=>ABL, A>>B25BAB2CNI0O AB048O< I 8 II (?> LN->@:A:>9
0AA>F80F88 :0@48>;>3>2), GC2AB2> 402;5=8O 2 >1;0AB8 A5@4F0, AB0@G5A:>5
A5@4F5, => 5I5 =5 =C640NI55AO 2 =0?5@ABO=:5, ;53:85 D>@<K
1@048:0@48G5A:8E =0@CH5=89 A5@45G=>3> @8B<0 (70<54;5=85 ?C;LA0).
" '09 87 1>O@KH=8:0: 2 G09=K5 ;>6:8 F25B:>2 8;8 F25B:>2
A ;8ABLO<8 70;820NB 1/4 ; :8?OI59 2>4K 8 =0AB0820NB 20 <8=CB.
>78@>2:0: 2-3 @070 2 45=L ?> 1 G0H:5. :CA G0O <>6=> C;CGH8BL.
40==>< A;CG05 >G5=L ?>4E>4OB 8 CA8;820NB 459AB285 <54 8;8 A>:
>1;5?8E8 A A0E0@><.
A?>;L7>20=85 2 3><5>?0B88. ><5>?0B8G5A:>5 A@54AB2> Crataegus
3>B>28BAO 87 7@5;KE ?;>4>2 8 B0:65 ?@8<5=O5BAO ?@8 A5@45G=KE 701>;520=8OE 8
4;O ?>445@6:8 8AB>I5==>3> AB0@G5A:>3> A5@4F0. @>?8AK20NB 8AE>4=CN
=0AB>9:C ?> 5-20 :0?5;L >B 2 4> =5A:>;L:8E @07 2 45=L. @8 A8;L=>9
=5@2>7=>AB8 8 87;8H=59 2>71C48<>AB8 2<5AB> 8AE>4=>9 =0AB>9:8 8A?>;L7CNB
2B>@>5 8;8 B@5BL5 55 @072545=85 (D1-D1).
@8<5=5=85 2 =0@>4=>9 <548F8=5. >O@KH=8: (>A>15==> 53> F25B:8)
2A5 1>;LH5 2=54@O5BAO 2 4><0H=85 0?B5:8. 3> 8A?>;L7CNB 4;O CA?>:>5=8O
"=5@2=>3> A5@4F0" 8 4;O C:@5?;5=8O A5@45G=>9 <KHFK. !25@E B>3>, F25B:8
1>O@KH=8:0 (8=>340 8 ;8ABLO) ?@8<5=ONB 2 2845 G0O ?@8 87;8H=5< 25A5, B0:
:0: >= A?>A>1AB2C5B C40;5=8N 2>4K. @0240, O 4C<0N, 1>;LH>3> CA?5E0 745AL
>6840BL =5 ?@8E>48BAO.
>1>G=KE 459AB289 4065 4;8B5;L=>5 ?@8<5=5=85 1>O@KH=8:0 =5 8<55B.
5;8AA0 ;5:0@AB25==0O
C1>F25B=K5 - Lamiaceae (Labiatae).
0@>4=K5 =0720=8O: ?G5;8=0O B@020, 40<A:>5 AG0ABL5, ;8<>==0O B@020,
;8<>==0O <5;8AA0, A5@45G=0O >B@040.
A?>;L7C5<K5 G0AB8: ;8ABLO.
?B5G=>5 =08<5=>20=85: ;8AB <5;8AAK - Melissae folium (@0=55: Folia
Melissae), <5;8AA>2>5 <0A;> - Melissae aetheroleum (@0=55: Oleum Melissae).
>B0=8G5A:>5 >?8A0=85. -B> <=>3>;5B=55 @0AB5=85, A8;L=>
@0725B2;5==K9 AB515;L :>B>@>3> 4>AB8305B 30-70 A< 2 2KA>BC. 8ABLO
AC?@>B82=K5, AB515;L G5BK@5E3@0==K9, F25B:8 >1KG=>9 4;O 3C1>F25B=KE
D>@<K, 65;B>20B>-15;K5 8;8 G8AB> 15;K5. 1@07CNB ;>6=K5 <CB>2:8 2-
?07CE0E 25@E=8E ;8ABL52. &25B5B A 8N;O (8N=O) ?> 023CAB. >48=0 <5;8AAK -
2>AB>G=>5 !@54875<=><>@L5. 5@<0=88 2 48:>@0ABCI5< A>AB>O=88 =5
2AB@5G05BAO, ?>B@51=>AB8 2 AK@L5 4;O D0@<0F52B8G5A:8E F5;59 2?>;=5
C4>2;5B2>@ONBAO :C;LBC@=K<8 ?>A04:0<8. 0: 8 ?5@5G=CN <OBC, <5;8AAC
<>6=> CA?5H=> @072>48BL 2 A040E. 'B>1K 2K@0AB8BL <5;8AAC 2 A04C
=51>;LH>3> E>7O9AB20, 4>AB0B>G=> B@5E :CAB>2. >A:>;L:C <5;8AA0 -
<=>3>;5B=55 @0AB5=85, 55 <>6=> @07<=>60BL 45;5=85< :CAB0. 0==59 25A=>9
?>A048B5 :CAB8:8 @O40<8 =0 @0AAB>O=88 30 A< 4@C3 >B 4@C30, <564C @O40<8
>AB02LB5 40 A<. < =C6=K B5?;> 8 2;06=0O, 1>30B0O 3C<CA>< ?>G20. %>@>H>
C4>1@OBL <5;8AAC <8=5@0;L=K<8 C4>1@5=8O<8. A;8 @0AB5=85 @0AAB8;05BAO
2>:@C3 >A=>2=>3> :CAB0 A?;>H=K< :>2@><, 7=0G8B, 4;O CE>40 70 =8< A45;0=>
2A5. #@>609 1C45B 1>30BK<. >;>4K5 :>=G8:8 25B>G5: ?@8 =5>1E>48<>AB8
<>6=> C:>@5=OBL.
!1>@ 8 703>B>2:0. !1>@ <5;8AA>2>3> ;8AB0 (4;O G0O) A;54C5B ?@8C@>G8BL
: F25B5=8N @0AB5=8O, :>340 ;8ABLO 8<5NB >A>15==> ?@8OB=K9 70?0E 8 2:CA.
5@56=>5 2KACH820=85 (?@8 B5<?5@0BC@5 =5 2KH5 40°!) ?>72>;O5B
<0:A8<0;L=> A>E@0=8BL 2 AK@L5 MD8@=>5 <0A;>. 5;8AA>2>5 MD8@=>5 <0A;>
?>;CG0NB 87 A25653> @0AB5=8O ?CB5< ?5@53>=:8 A 2>4O=K< ?0@><.
59AB2CNI85 25I5AB20. 06=59H55 459AB2CNI55 25I5AB2> - MD8@=>5
<5;8AA>2>5 <0A;>, 2 A>AB02 :>B>@>3> 2E>4OB F8B@>=5;;0;L, F8B@0;L 8
:0@8>D8;;5=. !;54C5B =0720BL B0:65 <8=5@0;L=K5 8 4C18;L=K5 25I5AB20,
3>@5G8, =5<=>3> D;02>=>84>2.
&5;51=>5 459AB285 8 ?@8<5=5=85. @5645 2A53> =04> A:070BL >1
CA?>:0820NI5< 459AB288 <5;8AAK. 5@2=K< ;N4O< A ?>2KH5==>9
2>71C48<>ABLN, :>B>@K5 : 25G5@C =5 <>3CB CA?>:>8BLAO 8 G0AB> ?>4>;3C =5
70AK?0NB, <>6=> ?>@5:><5=4>20BL :C@A>2>5 ;5G5=85 <5;8AA>2K< G05<.
" 5;8AA>2K9 G09: 3 G09=K5 ;>6:8 <5;:> =0@570==>3>
;8AB0 <5;8AAK =0 G0H:C 70;8BL 1/4 ; :8?OI59 2>4K 8 >AB028BL
=0AB0820BLAO 10 <8=CB ?>4 :@KH:>9. 070;>AL 1K, MB> A;8H:><
1>;LH0O 4>70, => :0: <5;8AA>2K9, B0: 8 20;5@80=>2K9 G09 4>;65=
1KBL B5<=55 >1KG=>3> G0O, GB>1K A540B82=>5 (CA?>:0820NI55)
459AB285 ?@>O28;>AL ?>;=>ABLN. 654=52=> A;54C5B ?8BL ?> 3 G0H:8
G0O. A;8 4>1028BL <54, 459AB285 G0O :0: A=>B2>@=>3> CA8;8205BAO.
#A?>:0820NI55 459AB285 <5;8AAK <>65B >:070BL ?>;>68B5;L=>5
459AB285 8 ?@8 65;C4>G=KE =54><>30=8OE, ?@5645 2A53> ?@8 "=5@2=><"
65;C4:5. ;03>40@O A540B82=K< :><?>=5=B0< >BG5B;82> ?@>O2;O5BAO B0:65
A?07<>;8B8G5A:>5 (?@>B82>AC4>@>6=>5) 8 ;53:>5 :0@<8=0B82=>5 (25B@>3>==>5)
459AB285 <5;8AAK. 7-70 2A5E MB8E A2>9AB2 <5;8AA>2K9 G09 >B=>A8BAO :
>1;53G0NI8< 8 ;5G51=K< A@54AB20< ?@8 65;C4>G=KE =54><>30=8OE 8 1>;57=OE
65;G=>3> ?C7K@O. -D8@=>5 <0A;> <5;8AAK - A>AB02=0O G0ABL >G5=L <=>38E
;5:0@AB2, 87 :>B>@KE >A>15==> ?>?C;O@=0 A?8@B>20O =0AB>9:0 <5;8AAK. 5
?@8<5=ONB ?@8 =52@>70E A5@4F0 8 65;C4:0 :0: <O3:>5 A=>B2>@=>5, 0 2 :0G5AB25
=0@C6=>3> A@54AB20 - :0: 87;N1;5==>5 @0AB8@0=85. ;03>40@O B>=878@CNI5<C
MDD5:BC <5;8AAC E>@>H> C?>B@51;OBL 2 E>;>4=>5 2@5<O 3>40, ?>A:>;L:C >=0
C25;8G8205B 8 <>18;87C5B 70I8B=K5 A8;K >@30=87<0. !?8@B>2>9 M:AB@0:B
<5;8AAK <>65B A;C68BL ?@5:@0A=K< 4><0H=8< A@54AB2><, 5A;8 =5 ?@52@0I0BL
53> 2 ?0=0F5N. #A?>:0820NI85 A2>9AB20 <5;8AAK 8A?>;L7CNBAO 2 ?@0:B8:5
<5;8AA>2KE 20== (2 ?@>4065 5ABL 3>B>2K5 M:AB@0:BK, => 8E <>6=> ?@83>B>28BL
8 A0<><C). o 5;8AA>20O 20==0: 50-60 3 ;8AB0 <5;8AAK 70;8BL 1 ; 2>4K, =03@5BL
4> :8?5=8O, >BAB028BL 8 G5@57 10 <8=CB ?@>F548BL. -B>B =0AB>9 2K;8BL 2 20==C,
=0?>;=5==CN 2>4>9. >AC40@AB25==0O A;C610 74@02>>E@0=5=8O 5@<0=88 >G5=L
?>;>68B5;L=> >B7K205BAO > <5;8AA5, >B@8F05B ?>1>G=K5 459AB28O 8
?@>B82>?>:070=8O; =0 @5F5?B5 AB0=40@B=>9 C?0:>2:8 >1;0ABLN ?@8<5=5=8O
=0720=K =5@2=K5 =0@CH5=8O A=0 8 =5@2=K5 O2;5=8O A> AB>@>=K 65;C4>G=>-
:8H5G=>3> B@0:B0, 0 B0:65 4;O 2>71C645=8O 0??5B8B0.
#?>B@51;5=85 2 :0G5AB25 ?@8?@02K. # :>3> 5ABL >3>@>4=0O 45;O=:0 4;O
2K@0I820=8O :CE>==>9 75;5=8, B>B 4>;65= ?>4C<0BL > B><, GB>1K 2K@0AB8BL
<5;8AAC. !25685 ;8ABLO <5;8AAK - A>25@H5==> C=8:0;L=0O ?@O=>ABL 4;O
A0;0B>2, A>CA>2, >2>I=KE 1;N4, BCH5=89, AC?>2. >102;OBL =5?>A@54AB25==>
?5@54 A5@28@>2:>9. ">=:> =0@570==K5 ;8ABLO <5;8AAK - E>@>H0O ?@8?@020 :
<O3:><C AK@C.
@8<5=5=85 2 =0@>4=>9 <548F8=5. =0@>4=>9 <548F8=5 =5 2A5340
?@>2>4OB @07;8G8O <564C <5;8AA>9 8 ?5@5G=>9 <OB>9. !;CG05BAO, GB> 3>2>@OB >
<5;8AA5, 0 ?@8<5=ONB ?5@5G=CN <OBC. > ?>A:>;L:C >10 @0AB5- =8O 1;87:8 ?>
E0@0:B5@C 459AB28O, MB0 ?CB0=8F0 =5 ?@82>48B : ?;0G52=K< @57C;LB0B0<.
5;8AAC 8A?>;L7CNB ?@8 ;5G5=88 701>;520=88 65;C4:0, ?5G5=8, 65;G=>3>
?C7K@O, 4;O CA?>:>5=8O ?@8 =52@>70E A5@4F0 8 :0: >1I5C:@5?;ONI55 ?>A;5
?@>ABC4=KE 8 8=D5:F8>==KE 701>;520=89. >1>G=KE 459AB289 >6840BL =5
?@8E>48BAO.
@8<5G0=85. 5;8AA0, > :>B>@>9 H;0 @5GL 2KH5, - ;5:0@AB25==0O
<5;8AA0. (259F0@88 G0AB> 8A?>;L7CNB 7>;>BCN <5;8AAC (Monarda didyma L.).
# =55 :@0A=K5 F25B:8, >=0 ?@>8AE>48B 87 .6=>9 <5@8:8 8 2 (259F0@88
8725AB=0 :0: ;5:0@AB25==>5 @0AB5=85, C?>B@51;ONI55AO ?@8 ?;>E><
?8I520@5=88 8 :0H;5. >;>BCN <5;8AAC <>6=> 8A?>;L7>20BL 8 :0: 70<5=8B5;L
G5@=>3> G0O.
OB0 ?5@5G=0O
C1>F25B=K5 - Lamiaceae (Labiatae).
0@>4=K5 =0720=8O: 1;03>@>4=0O <OB0, 0=3;89A:0O <OB0, A04>20O <OB0,
G09=0O <OB0.
A?>;L7C5<K5 G0AB8: ;8ABLO.
?B5G=>5 =08<5=>20=85: ;8ABLO ?5@5G=>9 <OBK - Menthae piperitae
folium (@0=55: Folia Menthae piperitae), <0A;> ?5@5G=>9 <OBK - Menthae piperitae
aetheroleum (@0=55: Oleum Menthae piperitae).
>B0=8G5A:>5 >?8A0=85. 5@5G=0O <OB0 - MB> 381@84, :>B>@K9 1K;
>1=0@C65= 2 =3;88 2 1696 3>4C A@548 =0A0645=89 <OBK :>;>A>2>9 (Mentha
spicala L.), 8 A B5E ?>@ 53> AB0;8 :C;LB828@>20BL. >MB><C 2 48:>@0ABCI5<
A>AB>O=88 <OB0 ?5@5G=0O, 8A?>;L7C5<0O 4;O ;5:0@AB25==KE F5;59, =5
2AB@5G05BAO: 4065 2KH54H85 87 :C;LBC@ ">48G02H85" @0AB5=8O 2A:>@5
?@5B5@?520NB >1@0B=>5 @0AI5?;5=85. 072>4OB ?5@5G=CN <OBC >B2>4:0<8.
A>15==> E>@>H> >=0 @0AB5B =0 1>;>B8AB>9 ?>G25 8 8725AB:>2>9 3;8=5.
5@5G=0O <OB0 >1@07C5B ?>;7CG55 :>@=528I5 8 <=>3>G8A;5==K5 =0475<=K5
?>1538, 4>AB830NI85 2 2KA>BC 30-80 A<. '5BK@5E3@0==K5 AB51;8 225@EC A;01>
25B2OBAO. !C?@>B82=> @0A?>;>65==K5 ;8ABLO C4;8=5==>-M;;8?B8G5A:85, 4> 4-7
A< 2 4;8=C (G0AB> >B45;L=K5 ;8ABLO <5=LH53> @07<5@0), 3@C-1>7C1G0BK5 ?>
:@0N. >7>2>-:@0A=K5 F25B:8 @0A?>;030NBAO 2 ?;>B=KE :>;>A>284=KE
!>F25B8OE, =5@54:> @0745;5==KE =0 G0AB8. # :C;LB828@C5<>9 ?5@5G=>9 <OBK
8<55BAO =5A:>;L:> @0A, :>B>@K5 >B;8G0NBAO 4@C3 >B 4@C30 ?> D>@<5 8 >:@0A:5
;8ABL52. 8:>@0ABCI85 A>@>48G8 ?5@5G=>9 <OBK CABC?0NB 59 2 70?0E5 8 2:CA5.
"5< =5 <5=55 8 >=8 83@0NB 2 =0@>4=>9 <548F8=5 25AL<0 7=0G8B5;L=CN @>;L, 0
?>@>9 <>6=> CA;KH0BL, GB> >=8 4065 ?@52>AE>4OB ?> A2>8< :0G5AB20<
=0AB>OICN ?5@5G=CN <OBC. 8ABLO <OBK :C@G02>9 (Mentha spicata L. var. crispa),
=07K205<K5 B0:65 "A?5@<8=B", A>45@60B MD8@=>5 <0A;>, 2 :>B>@>< =5B <5=B>;0,
=> >G5=L <=>3> :0@2>=0 (A>45@60I53>AO 8 2 B<8=5). >MB><C G09 87 =8E -
>B;8G=>5 :0@<8=0B82=>5 (25B@>3>==>5) A@54AB2>. OB0 :C@G020O @54:>
2AB@5G05BAO 2 48:>@0ABCI5< A>AB>O=88, A;54>20B5;L=>, G09 87 55 ;8ABL52
3>B>28BAO 87 2K@0I5==KE 2 :C;LBC@5 @0AB5=89.
59AB2CNI85 25I5AB20: MD8@=>5 <0A;>, D;02>=>8-4K, 4C18;L=K5
25I5AB20 8 3>@5G8 - 2>B >A=>2=K5 459AB2CNI85 25I5AB20 MB>3> @0AB5=8O.
06=59H89 :><?>=5=B 2 MD8@=>< <0A;5 - <5=B>; (4> 60%).
&5;51=>5 459AB285 8 ?@8<5=5=85. '09 87 ?5@5G=>9 <OBK - MDD5:B82=>5
65;C4>G=>5 A@54AB2>, >A>15==> ?@8 B>H=>B5, ?>7K20E : @2>B5 8;8 ?@8ABC?0E
@2>BK. 4=>9-548=AB25==>9 G0H:>9 C<5@5==> B5?;>3> G0O 87 ?5@5G=>9 <OBK,
2K?8B>9 =51>;LH8<8 3;>B:0<8, <>6=> 4>AB8GL =5<54;5==>3> 459AB28O. "0:65
1KAB@> 459AB2C5B MB>B G09 ?@8 65;C4>G=>-:8H5G=KE 701>;520=8OE, :>B>@K5
A>?@>2>640NBAO <5B5>@87<><, A?07<0<8 8 ABC;>< A 4C@=K< 70?0E><.
>78@>2:0: ?> 1 G0H:5 3 @070 2 45=L. 5 2 ?>A;54=NN >G5@54L G09 87 ?5@5G=>9
<OBK A?>A>1AB2C5B >BB>:C 8 A5:@5F88 65;G8. >;L=K5 65;G=>:0<5==>9
1>;57=LN >G5=L E>@>H> ?5@5=>AOB MB>B G09, B>340 :0: 1>;L=K5 O72>9 65;C4:0 -
EC65. >AC40@AB25==0O A;C610 74@02>>E@0=5=8O 5@<0=88 >B<5G05B 4;O
;N18<>9 =0@>4>< ?5@5G=>9 <OBK 2 :0G5AB25 ?>:070=89 : ?@8<5=5=8N 1>;57=8
65;C4:0, :8H5G=8:0 8 65;G=>3> ?C7K@O. o '09 87 ?5@5G=>9 <OBK: 1 AB>;>2CN
;>6:C A 25@E>< ;8ABL52 70;8BL 1/4 ; :8?OI59 2>4K 8 2K45@60BL ?>4 :@KH:>9
10 <8=CB. 0B5< >ABC48BL. 8BL 53> ;CGH5 2A53> =5?>4A;0I5==K<. 5@5G=0O
<OB0 A;C68B A>AB02=>9 G0ABLN >G5=L <=>38E G09=KE A1>@>2, :>B>@K5
?@54?8AK20NBAO ?@>B82 1>;57=59 65;C4:0, :8H5G=8:0, 65;G=>3> ?C7K@O 8
?5G5=8. 4=0:> >=0 2AB@5G05BAO 8 2 <=>3>G8A;5==KE 4@C38E G09=KE A1>@0E:
;8ABLO ?5@5G=>9 <OBK C;CGH0NB ;N1>9 G09 A2>8< 2:CA>< 8 70?0E><, 0 B0:65
CA8;820NB 53> 459AB285, ?>A:>;L:C ;5:0@AB20, A>45@60I85 >4=>2@5<5==> 8
MD8@=>5 <0A;>, 8 4C18;L=K5 25I5AB20, 8 3>@5G8, 8<5NB <=>3>AB>@>==55
459AB285. A>15==> E>@>H0O :><18=0F8O ?@8 2A5E 65;C4>G=>-:8H5G=KE
701>;520=8OE - A<5AL ?5@5G=>9 <OBK A @><0H:>9 2 @02=KE G0ABOE. -D8@=>5
<0A;>, @07102;5==>5 A?8@B><, 405B B0: =07K205<K5 <OB=K5 :0?;8, :>B>@K5
<>6=> :C?8BL 2 :064>9 0?B5:5. =8 459AB2CNB ?>4>1=> G0N 87 ?5@5G=>9 <OBK,
5A;8 ?@8=8<0BL 8E ?> 15 :0?5;L A 2>4>9. @8<5=5=85 2 =0@>4=>9 <548F8=5
A>>B25BAB2C5B A:070==><C 2KH5. >;LH0O ;N1>2L : MB><C ;5:0@AB25==><C
@0AB5=8N ?@>O2;O5BAO 2 B><, GB> 2 1>;LH8=AB25 4><0H=8E 0?B5G5: =0@O4C A
@><0H:>9 <>6=> =09B8 8 ?5@5G=CN <OBC. 5 2A5 @565 C?>B@51;ONB ?@8
3>;>2=KE 1>;OE, A5@4F5185=8OE 8 =0@CH5=8OE A=0, 0 ?@8 1>;57=5==KE
<5=AB@C0F8OE G09 87 ?5@5G=>9 <OBK F5=8BAO 2KA>:>.
#?>B@51;5=85 2 :0G5AB25 ?@8?@02K. =>259H8E :=830E ?> ?@O=K<
@0AB5=8O< @5:><5=4C5BAO 4065 2K@0I820BL =5A:>;L:> @0AB5=89 ?5@5G=>9 <OBK
2 A04C, B5< 1>;55 GB> MB> >G5=L ?@>AB>, B0: :0: 55 ?>1538 C:>@5=ONBAO 8 @0ABCB,
=5 B@51CO 1>;LH>3> CE>40. >AB0B>G=> ?>A04>G=>9 ?;>I048 2 1 :2. <, GB>1K
?>AB>O==> 8<5BL 4;O A5<L8 A256CN ?5@5G=CN <OBC. B> 703>B02;8205B
?5@5G=CN <OBC, 4>;65= A>18@0BL ;8ABLO 4> F25B5=8O, 1KAB@> ACH8BL 8E (?@8
B5<?5@0BC@5 =5 2KH5 35 "!) 8 E@0=8BL 2 E>@>H> 70:@KBKE A>AC40E: 2;06=>ABL
45;05B ?5@5G=CN <OBC =53>4=>9 : C?>B@51;5=8N. !0;0BK, AC?K, >2>I=K5
1;N40, :>B>@K5 ?5@54 A5@28@>2:>9 ?>AK?0NB A25659 <5;:> =0@570==>9
?5@5G=>9 <OB>9, ?>;CG0NBAO =5 B>;L:> E>@>H> ?@8?@02;5==K<8, => 8 1>;55
?>;57=K<8 4;O 74>@>2LO. "2>@>3 8 <O3:89 AK@ B0:65 C;CGH0NBAO >B 4>102:8
A25659 ?5@5G=>9 <OBK. !CH5=CN ?5@5G=CN <OBC C?>B@51;ONB @565, >4=0:>
=5:>B>@K5 @K1=K5 1;N40, ?@8 ?@83>B>2;5=88 (20@:5) :>B>@KE 8A?>;L7CNB 8
;8ABLO ACH5=>9 ?5@5G=>9 <OBK, B>;L:> 2K83@K20NB. :B> 45;05B
A0<>AB>OB5;L=> C:ACA A B@020<8, =5 4>;65= 701K20BL 4>1028BL BC40 =5A:>;L:>
;8ABL52 ?5@5G=>9 <OBK (A25659 8;8 ACH5=>9).
>1>G=K5 459AB28O. B5@0?52B8G5A:8E 4>70E - =8:0:8E. ;8B5;L=>5
C?>B@51;5=85 G0O 87 ?5@5G=>9 <OBK =5 @5:><5=4C5BAO.
5@2>F25B 25A5==89
E@0=O5BAO.
5@2>F25B=K5 - Primulaceae.
0@>4=K5 =0720=8O: CH:8, =515A=K5 :;NG8:8, F25BK A2OB>3> 5B@0,
10@0=G8:8, 7>;>BK5 :;NG8:8.
A?>;L7C5<K5 G0AB8: :>@=528I5 8 F25B:8.
?B5G=>5 =08<5=>20=85: :>@5=L ?5@2>F25B0 - Primulae radix (@0=55:
Radix Primulae), F25B:8 ?5@2>F25B0 - Primulae flos (@0=55: Flores Primulae).
>B0=8G5A:>5 >?8A0=85. # MB8E B0: ;N18<KE =0<8 25A5==8E F25B>2
?@O<>AB>OG89, 157;8AB=K9 AB515;L 8 :>@=528I5, >B :>B>@>3> >BE>4OB
<=>3>G8A;5==K5 <>G:>20BK5 :>@=8. 8ABLO 2 ?@8:>@=52>9 @>75B:5 C4;8=5==K5
4> O9F5284=KE, 2 >1I5< >G5@B0=88 :=87C AC60NI85AO, A >158E AB>@>=
>?CH5==K5. 0 :>=F5 1>;55 8;8 <5=55 4;8==>3> AB51;O - F25B:8, A>1@0==K5 2
7>=B8:. '0H5G:0 15;>20B>-75;5=0O, @51@8AB0O, 25=G8: B@C1:>284=K9,
@0AH8@ONI89AO A25@EC, 65;BK9, 2 A5@548=5 O@:>-7>;>B8ABK9. &25B5B 2 <0@B5-
0?@5;5. 0AB5B =0 ACE8E ;C30E.
!1>@ 8 703>B>2:0. >@=528I0 A>18@0NB 2 A5=BO1@5 8 ?>A;5 >G8AB:8 8E >B
75<;8 ACH0B 2 B5=8; F25B:8 A>18@0NB 25A=>9.
59AB2CNI85 25I5AB20. A=>2=>5 459AB2CNI55 25I5AB2> - A0?>=8=;
:@><5 =53> 2 ?5@2>F25B5 A>45@60BAO D;02>=K 8 MD8@=>5 <0A;>. !;54C5B B0:65
C?><O=CBL :@5<=852CN :8A;>BC 8 4C18;L=K5 25I5AB20. F25B:0E :>;8G5AB2>
459AB2CNI8E 25I5AB2 =0<=>3> <5=LH5, G5< 2 :>@=528I0E.
&5;51=>5 459AB285 8 ?@8<5=5=85. !0?>=8=A>45@60-I85 ;5:0@AB25==K5
@0AB5=8O C?>B@51;ONB 2 ?5@2CN >G5@54L ?@8 :0H;5, >A>15==> ?@8 ACE>< 8
C?>@=><, :>340 2>7=8:0NB B@C4=>AB8 A >B:0H;820=85<. 081>;55 E>@>H
?5@2>F25B ?@8 B0: =07K205<>< AB0@G5A:>< :0H;5. >A;54=89 G0AB> 2>7=8:05B
?@8 A=865=88 A>:@0B8B5;L=>9 A8;K A5@4F0, 2A;54AB285 G53> CEC4H05BAO
:@>2>A=0165=85 ;53:8E. -B> 2545B : ?>AB>O==><C :0H;N. 'B>1K ?><>GL 2
B0:8E A;CG0OE, =C6=> =5 B>;L:> >1;53G8BL >B:0H;820=85, => 8 >4=>2@5<5==>
2>7459AB2>20BL =0 :@>2>>1@0I5=85, 4;O G53> =04> ?>701>B8BLAO >1 CA8;5==><
2K2545=88 2>4K 87 >@30=87<0. <5==> B0: 459AB2C5B ?5@2>F25B 25A5==89: >=
>1;53G05B >B:0H;820=85 8 459AB2C5B :0: <>G53>==>5. !<5H02 :>@=528I5
?5@2>F25B0 A D5=E5;5< 8 0=8A><, ?>;CG0NB ?@52>AE>4=K9 G09 >B :0H;O. A;8
4>1028BL 5I5 8 ;8ABLO <0;L2K, B> MB>B G09 ?><>305B ?>GB8 ?@8 2A5E D>@<0E
?@>ABC4=>3> :0H;O.
!<5H0==K9 G09:
>@=528I5 ?5@2>F25B0 30,0
=8A B>;G5=K9 10,0
8ABLO <0;L2K 10,0
$5=E5;L B>;G5=K9 10,0
25 G09=K5 ;>6:8 A<5A8 70;8BL 1/4 ; :8?OI59 2>4K 8 ?>A;5 10 <8=CB
=0AB0820=8O ?@>F548BL. >4A;0AB8BL <54>< 8 ?8BL 3>@OG8<.
@8<5=5=85 2 =0@>4=>9 <548F8=5. =0@>4=>9 <548F8=5 ?5@2>F25B
B0:65 8A?>;L7C5BAO :0: A@54AB2> >B :0H;O. @8=8<0NB G09, => G0AB> 3>B>2OB 8
A8@>?: 1 G09=0O ;>6:0 A 25@E>< @07<5;LG5==>3> :>@=528I0 ?5@2>F25B0
>B20@8205BAO >:>;> 5 <8=CB 2 =51>;LH>< :>;8G5AB25 2>4K, 684:>ABL A;820NB 8
?5@5<5H820NB A <54>< 4> A8@>?>>1@07=>9 :>=A8AB5=F88. @8=8<0NB G09=K<8
;>6:0<8. o '09 87 ?5@2>F25B0: 1 G09=CN ;>6:C :>@=528I0 8;8 2 G09=K5 ;>6:8
A 25@E>< F25B:>2 =03@5BL 4> :8?5=8O 2 1/4 ; 2>4K. 0AB0820BL 5 <8=CB. 8BL ?>
2-3 G0H:8 G0O 2 45=L. ><8<> ?><>I8 >B :0H;O =0@>4=0O <548F8=0
@5:><5=4C5B G09 87 ?5@2>F25B0 25A5==53> :0: E>@>H55 A@54AB2> ?@8 <83@5=OE,
=52@0;388, ?>403@5 8 @52<0B87<5, 0 B0:65 >B 15AA>==8FK. >AC40@AB25==0O
A;C610 74@02>>E@0=5=8O 5@<0=88 ?@87=05B 70 ?5@2>F25B>< >BE0@:820NI55 8
A<O3G0NI55 459AB285 ?@8 :0B0@0E 25@E=8E 4KE0B5;L=KE ?CB59.
>1>G=K5 459AB28O. @8 >BACBAB288 ?5@54>78@>2:8 ?>1>G=KE 459AB289
>?0A0BLAO =5 AB>8B. 71530BL ?@8<5=5=8O ?5@2>F25B0 A;54C5B B>;L:> B5<, :B>
AB@0405B 0;;5@3859 =0 =53>.
"<8= >1K:=>25==K9
>=B8G=K5 - Apiaceae (Umbelliferae).
0@>4=>5 =0720=85: ?>;52>9 B<8=.
A?>;L7C5<K5 G0AB8: 7@5;K5 ?;>4K.
?B5G=>5 =08<5=>20=85: ?;>4K B<8=0 - Carvi fructus (@0=55: Fructus
Carvi), B<8==>5 <0A;> - Carvi aetheroleum (@0=55: Oleum Carvi).
>B0=8G5A:>5 >?8A0=85. 2C;5B=55 @0AB5=85 A> AB5@6=52K< :>@=5< 2
D>@<5 25@5B5=0 8;8 @5?K 8 ?@O<>AB>OG8< 1>@>74G0BK< 25B28ABK< AB51;5<.
8ABLO 42064K?5@8ABK5, O@:>-75;5=>3> F25B0, ;8AB>G:8 ?5@8AB>@0AA5G5==K5,
8E A53<5=BK ;8=59=>-70>AB@5==K5. !>F25B85 - A;>6=K9 7>=B8: 157 >15@B>: 8
>15@B>G5:. &25B:8 <5;:85 8 G0I5 2A53> 15;K5, @565 (2 3>@=KE <5AB=>ABOE)
:@0A=>20BK5 8;8 :@0A=K5. ;>4K ?@>4>;3>20BK5, @0A?040NBAO 2 7@5;><
A>AB>O=88 =0 420 A5@?>284=KE ?;>48:0. &25B5B A <0O ?> 8N=L (8N;L).
AB@5G05BAO 2 &5=B@0;L=>9 8 >AB>G=>9 2@>?5 - =0 ;C30E, 2K3>=0E, ?>
>1>G8=0< 4>@>3, >B:>A0< 8 =0AK?O<. ?@545;O9B5 BI0B5;L=>: <>6=> A?CB0BL A
4@C38<8, O4>28BK<8 7>=B8G=K<8! ;O ;5:0@AB25==KE F5;59 B<8= ?>ABC?05B A
:C;LBC@=KE ?;0=B0F89.
!1>@ 8 703>B>2:0. ;>4K A>18@0NB, :0: B>;L:> >=8 ?>1C@5NB, A 8N;O ?>
A5=BO1@L. >=B8:8 A@570NB 8 2K25H820NB 4;O 4>7@520=8O 2 ?@>25B@8205<><
<5AB5. >340 ?;>4K 2KA>E=CB, 8E >B@OE820NB A 7>=B8:>2 8 ?>A;5 :>@>B:>3>
4>ACH820=8O E@0=OB 2 <5H:0E 8;8 :>@>1:0E. -D8@=>5 <0A;> ?>;CG0NB 87
A2565A>1@0==KE 8 @07402;5==KE ?;>4>2 ?CB5< ?5@53>=:8 A 2>4O=K< ?0@><.
59AB2CNI85 25I5AB20. 06=59H55 459AB2CNI55 25I5AB2> B<8=0 -
MD8@=>5 <0A;>, :>B>@>5 A>AB>8B 87 ;8<>=5=0, :0@25>;0, 48384@>:0@2>=0 8 2
7=0G8B5;L=>9 <5@5 (8=>340 =0 60%) 87 :0@2>=0. !>45@60=85 ?>A;54=53> 2
0?B5:0@A:>< AK@L5 A>AB02;O5B >B 3 4> 1%. 5@<0=A:0O D0@<0:>?5O B@51C5B,
GB>1K A>45@60=85 53> 1K;> =5 <5=55 4%. @><5 B>3>, =04> C?><O=CBL 68@=>5
<0A;>, C3;52>4K, 15;>:, =5<=>3> 4C18;L=KE 25I5AB2, D;02>-=>84K 8 A<>;C.
&5;51=>5 459AB285 8 ?@8<5=5=85. ;>4K B<8=0 - ;CGH89 @0AB8B5;L=K9
:0@<8=0B82 (A@54AB2> >B <5B5>@87<0) 87 2A5E, :0:8<8 <K B>;L:> @0A?>;0305<.
-B8< >=8 702>520;8 A515 ?@>G=>5 ?>;>65=85 2 <548F8=5. "<8= <>6=>
2AB@5B8BL 2 15AG8A;5==KE 30;5=>2KE ?@5?0@0B0E, => 53> ?@>?8AK20NB 8 ?@>AB>
:0: G09 157 :0:8E-;81> 4>102>:. >AC40@AB25==0O A;C610 74@02>>E@0=5=8O
5@<0=88 >G5=L ?>;>68B5;L=> >B7K205BAO > B<8=5, ?@54;030O ?@8<5=OBL 53>
?@8 "GC2AB25 ?5@5?>;=5==>AB8, <5B5>@87<5 8 ;53:8E A?0AB8G5A:8E =0@CH5=8OE
65;C4>G=>-:8H5G=>9 45OB5;L=>AB8, ?@8 701>;520=8OE 2 >1;0AB8 A5@4F0 8
65;C4:0, ?@8 =0@CH5=8OE ?8I520@5=8O C 3@C4=KE 45B59".
" '09 87 B<8=0: 1 G09=CN ;>6:C A 25@E>< 87<5;LG5==KE
?;>4>2 70;8BL 1/4 ; :8?OI59 2>4K 8 G5@57 10 <8=CB ?@>F548BL. '09
E>@>H> ?8BL B5?;K<, =51>;LH8<8 3;>B:0<8. KAB@> CAB@0=O5B
?CG5=85 8 A?07<K ?8I520@8B5;L=>3> B@0:B0. ;O 3@C4=KE 45B59
@072>4OB :8?OG5=>9 2>4>9 2 A>>B=>H5=88 1:1.
#?>B@51;5=85 2 :0G5AB25 ?@8?@02K. "<8= - >G5=L ?>;57=0O 4;O
74>@>2LO ?@8?@020, >B :>B>@>9 =5 AB>8B >B:07K20BLAO. A>60;5=8N, <=>38< =5
=@028BAO 53> 2:CA, => MB> >1KG=> A2O70=> A =5?@028;L=K< 53> 8A?>;L7>20=85<.
&5;L=K5 ?;>4K B<8=0 2 E;51>-1C;>G=KE 8745;8OE, :0?CAB5, 60@5=>< :0@B>D5;5
8;8 A0;0B0E <>3CB 8A?>@B8BL 2:CA ?8I8, 5A;8 ?>?04CB =0 7C1 8 1C4CB
@073@K75=K. >;>BK9 65 B<8= 8 2 A2565< E;515, 8 2 A0;0B0E, 8 2 60@5=><
:0@B>D5;5 <5H05B :C40 <5=LH5 8 >E>B=> AJ5405BAO. 4;O ?@83>B>2;5=8O
3>@OG8E 1;N4 87 :8A;>9 :0?CABK, :>B>@K5 B>;L:> 70 AG5B 4>102;5=8O B<8=0 8
AB0=>2OBAO ?>;57=K<8 4;O 74>@>2LO, <>6=> ?>@5:><5=4>20BL A?5F80;L=K9
<5H>G5:. 5@54 20@:>9 B<8= 2 <5H>G:5 ?><5I0NB 2 :0?CABC, 2@5<O >B 2@5<5=8
<5=OO 53> ?>;>65=85, 8 ?>A;5 20@:8 2K=8<0NB, 0 :0?CABC E>@>H>
?5@5<5H820NB. MB>< A;CG05 B<8==K5 75@=0 =5 1C4CB @074@060BL ?@8 545, 0
F5;51=0O A8;0 B<8=0 1C45B 8A?>;L7>20=0. "<8= - >4=0 87 4@52=59H8E ?@8?@02 2
<8@5. = A?>A>1AB2C5B CA2>5=8N 68@>2 8 C;CGH5=8N DC=:F88 65;G=>3>
?C7K@O, 0 53> A2>5>1@07=K9 2:CA A>G5B05BAO ?@0:B8G5A:8 A> 2A5<8 1;N40<8,
?>A:>;L:C =5 ?5@518205B 8E 2:CA0; ?@0240, >= =5 4>?CA:05B 4@C38E
0@><0B8G5A:8E 4>102>: - 5A;8 =5 AG8B0BL ?5@F0. @5:@0A=CN A<5AL 4;O
?@8?@02K :> 2A5< A>@B0< AK@0 <>6=> ?>;CG8BL, @0AB5@52 ?5@5F, B<8= 8
?>20@5==CN A>;L 2 @02=KE G0ABOE. >2>@O > ?@O=>ABOE, =5>1E>48<> B0:65
C?><O=CBL :C<8= (Cuminum cyminum L., 0?B5:0@A:>5 AK@L5: Cumini fructus) -
2>7<>6=K9 ?>B><>: >1K:=>25==>3> B<8=0. @>8AE>4O 87 788 8
@0A?@>AB@0=82H8AL 2 !@54875<=><>@L5, >= B0< - 0 2 ?>A;54=55 2@5<O 8 2
5@<0=88 - 8A?>;L7C5BAO :0: ?@8?@020. C<8= >1;0405B 1>;55 B5@?:8< 8 <5=55
?@8OB=K< 2:CA>< 8 2 A<5A8 A :095=A:8< ?5@F5< ?@54AB02;O5B A>1>9 E>@>HCN
?@8?@02C 4;O @C1;5=>3> <OA0. 5:>B>@K5 :M@@8 B0:65 A>45@60B :C<8=.
@8<5=5=85 2 =0@>4=>9 <548F8=5. =0@>4=>9 <548F8=5 B<8= >G5=L
?>G8B05BAO :0: 65;C4>G=>5 A@54AB2> (8 4;O 2>71C645=8O 0??5B8B0), :0:
A@54AB2> >B :>;8:, 1>;57=59 65;G=>3> ?C7K@O 8 ?5G5=8, 0 B0:65 >B :0H;O. 3>
8A?>;L7CNB 2 2845 G0O (:0: >?8A0=> 2KH5), 6CNB ACH5=K5 ?;>4K 8;8
?@8=8<0NB ?> =5A:>;L:C @07 ?>@>H>: B<8=0 - A:>;L:> C<5AB8BAO =0 :>=G8:5
=>60. G5=L @0A?@>AB@0=5=> 53> ?@8<5=5=85 8 :0: CA?>:0820NI53> A@54AB20
4;O <0;5=L:8E 45B59 - ?>60;C9, 87-70 :0@<8=0B82=>3> 459AB28O, ?>A:>;L:C C
3@C4=KE 8 <0;5=L:8E 45B59 ?@8G8=>9 15A?>:>9AB20 G0AB> 1K205B <5B5>@87<.
5B A@54AB20 ;CGH5, :0: ?>;0305B =0@>4=0O <548F8=0, ?@>B82 1>;57=5==KE
<5=AB@C0F89 C <>;>4KE 452CH5:, G5< B<8==K9 G09. 5H>G5: A B<8=><,
>AB>@>6=> =03@5BK9 =0 ?;8B5, >E>B=> 8A?>;L7C5BAO 2 =0@>45 4;O
?@8:;04K20=8O : 1>;L=><C <5ABC ?@8 7C1=>9 8 3>;>2=>9 1>;8. 25B5@8=0@88
B<8==K9 G09 - 87;N1;5==>5 A@54AB2> ?@>B82 :>;8: C ;>H0459 8 :@C?=>3>
@>30B>3> A:>B0.
>1>G=K5 459AB28O. "<8= 1572@545=. 4=0:> ?5@54>78@>2:8, :0: ;N1>3>
;5:0@AB25==>3> A@54AB20, A>45@60I53> MD8@=>5 <0A;>, A;54C5B 871530BL.
%<5;L >1K:=>25==K9
>=>?;52K5 - Cannabaceae.
0@>4=K5 =0720=8O: ?82=>9 E<5;L, E<5;L=>9 F25B, E<5;L=0O H8H:0.
A?>;L7C5<K5 G0AB8: 65=A:85 A>F25B8O ("H8H:8") 8 65;57:8
(65;578ABK5 G5HC9:8).
?B5G=>5 =08<5=>20=85: H8H:8 E<5;O - Lupuli strobulus (@0=55: Flores
Humuli lupuli), 65;57:8 E<5;O - Lupuli glandula (@0=55: Glandulae Lupuli).
>B0=8G5A:>5 >?8A0=85. =>3>;5B=55 2LNI55AO @0AB5=85, 4>AB830NI55
2 2KA>BC ?@8<5@=> 3-6 <. 0 H5@H02>< 87-70 H8?8:>2 AB51;5 AC?@>B82=>
@0A?>;>65=K 3-5-;>?0AB=K5 >G5=L H5@>E>20BK5 ;8ABLO. C6A:85 A>F25B8O
>1@07CNB =0 AB51;OE @KE;K5 <5B5;:8 A =5?@8<5B=K<8 75;5=>20B>-15;K<8
<5;:8<8 F25B:0<8. ;O ?82>20@5==>9 ?@><KH;5==>AB8 8 4;O D0@<0F88
?@54AB02;ONB 8=B5@5A ;8HL 65=A:85 @0AB5=8O E<5;O. =8 >1@07CNB 3>;>2G0BK5
A>F25B8O 87 ?;>B=> A>1@0==KE 2 ;>6=K9 :>;>A F25B:>2, B0: =07K205<K5 H8H:8
E<5;O. >A;54=85 8 ?@8<5=ONBAO 2 ;5G51=KE F5;OE. ;O ?>;CG5=8O ;5:0@AB2
8A?>;L7CNBAO B0:65 A<>;O=K5 65;57:8, :>B>@K5 =0E>4OBAO =0 :@>NI8E ;8ABLOE
F25B:>2 8 G5HC9:0E H8H5:. &25B5B ;5B><. 5@<0=88 E<5;L :C;LB828@CNB,
>4=0:> 25AL<0 G0AB> >= 2AB@5G05BAO B0:65 2 48:>@0ABCI5< A>AB>O=88 2 AK@KE
?>9<5==KE ;5A0E 8 :CAB0@=8:0E, ?> 15@530< 2>4>5<>2, =0 ;5A=KE 1>;>B0E.
!1>@ 8 703>B>2:0. !>18@0NB 65=A:85 A>F25B8O 2 :>=F5 ;5B0, =5704>;3>
4> B>3>, :0: >=8 ?>;=>ABLN A>7@5NB, GB>1K ?@8 A1>@5 =5 >B?0;8 8E 65;578ABK5
G5HC9:8. 0B5< 8E 4>ACH820NB. A;8 E>BOB 8A?>;L7>20BL 65;57:8 E<5;O
>B45;L=>, B> ?@>A5820NB A>25@H5==> ACE>9 <0B5@80; A ?><>ILN A8B0.
5;578ABK5 G5HC9:8 >B?040NB 8 =0:0?;820NBAO 2 2845 75;5=>-65;B>3>,
=5A:>;L:> :;59:>3> ?>@>H:0.
59AB2CNI85 25I5AB20. >@5G8, A<>;8ABK5 25I5AB20, 3C<C;>= 8
;C?C;>=, MD8@=>5 <0A;>, <8=5@0;L=K5 25I5AB20, D;02>=>84K - 206=59H85
:><?>=5=BK @0AB5=8O, :>B>@K5 2 A>G5B0=88 >1CA;>2;820NB B0:65
CA?>:0820NI55 459AB285 E<5;O. ?>A;54=55 2@5<O MB> A2>9AB2> @0AB5=8O
>B=5A;8 70 AG5B =5402=> >B:@KB>3> 2-<5B8;-3-1CB5=-2->;0, => O ?>;030N, GB>
?>4>1=>5 459AB285 E<5;O =5 <>65B 1KBL ?@8?8A0=> 5<C >4=><C.
&5;51=>5 459AB285 8 ?@8<5=5=85. ;O E<5;O E0@0:B5@=K B@8
=0?@02;5=8O 459AB28O. @5645 2A53> 2>71C640NI55 0??5B8B, :>B>@>5
>15A?5G820NB 4C18;L=K5 25I5AB20 8 3>@5G8. 0;55, E<5;L CA?>:0820NI5
459AB2C5B ?@8 2>71C645=88, 15AA>==8F5 8 ;53:8E 45?@5AA8OE. , =0:>=5F,
E<5;L, :0: 3>2>@OB, >:07K205B AB8<C;8@CNI55 459AB285 =0 <5=AB@C0;L=K9
F8:;. -B> >B=>A8BAO :0: : H8H:0< E<5;O, B0: 8 : 53> G5HC9:0<. > E>BO
459AB285 G5HC5: 8=B5=A82=55 8 A8;L=55, G0I5 8A?>;L7CNB G09 87 H8H5: E<5;O.
>AC40@AB25==0O A;C610 74@02>>E@0=5=8O 5@<0=88 @5:><5=4C5B G09 87 E<5;O
?@8 15A?>:>9AB25 8 A>AB>O=88 AB@0E0, 0 B0:65 ?@8 =0@CH5=8OE A=0. o '09 87
H8H5: E<5;O: 2 G09=K5 ;>6:8 A 25@E>< H8H5: E<5;O 70;820NB 1/4 ; :8?OI59
2>4K 8 2K45@6820NB ?@8<5@=> 15 <8=CB. LNB ;81> 2 @070 2 45=L ?> 1 G0H:5
:0: CA?>:0820NI55 A@54AB2>, ;81> 70 ?>;G0A0 ?5@54 A=>< 1 G0H:C :0:
A=>B2>@=>5. ?>A;54=5< A;CG05 @5:><5=4CNB ?@8 ?@83>B>2;5=88 G0O
4>102;OBL B0:65 1 G09=CN ;>6:C 20;5@80=K. 1;0ABL ?@8<5=5=8O E<5;O >G5=L
H8@>:0, >4=0:> G0I5 2A53> 53> 4>102;ONB : 4@C38< F5;51=K< @0AB5=8O< 4;O
CA8;5=8O 8E 459AB28O. "0:, >= 2AB@5G05BAO 2 :@>2>>G8AB8B5;L=KE G0OE, 2
65;C4>G=KE G0OE, 2 CA?>:>8B5;L=KE 8 A=>B2>@=KE G0OE, 53> <K =0E>48< 2<5AB5
A 1>O@KH=8:><, ><5;>9, 20;5@80=>9 8 G5A=>:>< 2 @07;8G=KE 30;5=>2KE
?@5?0@0B0E ?@>B82 AB0@G5A:8E =54C3>2, 0 :>340 @5GL 845B > G09=KE A<5AOE >B
2>;=5=89 =0H59 ?>2A54=52=>9 687=8, B>, :0: ?@028;>, 8E A>AB02=>9 G0ABLN
1K205B 8 E<5;L. B<5B8< B0:65, GB> G08 ?@8 65;C4>G=>-:8H5G=KE
701>;520=8OE, ?@8 ?>B5@5 0??5B8B0, ?@8 1>;57=OE 65;G=>3> ?C7K@O 2A5340
<>6=> C;CGH8BL E<5;5<, 5A;8 C MB8E 701>;520=89 =5@2=0O ?@8@>40 (1/4 8;8 1/5
G0ABL B0:>9 A<5A8 4>;65= A>AB02;OBL E<5;L). G0OE >B B0:8E =54C3>2 =5@2=>9
?@8@>4K, :0: 1>;8 2 A5@4F5, 0@8B<8O 8 ;53:85 45?@5AA88, E<5;L A;C68B
459AB25==>9 4>102:>9. >?C;O@5= E<5;L 8 :0: B>=878@CNI0O 4>102:0, 2E>4O
=0@O4C A 4@C38<8 459AB2CNI8<8 25I5AB20<8 2 A>AB02 >G5=L <=>38E
;5:0@AB25==KE ?@5?0@0B>2.
A?>;L7>20=85 2 3><5>?0B88. ><5>?0B8G5A:>5 A@54AB2> Humulus
lupulus AG8B05BAO ?@5645 2A53> E>@>H8< CA?>:0820NI8< A@54AB2><, 0 =0@O4C A
MB8< 8A?>;L7C5BAO 8 ?@8 65;C4>G=KE 701>;520=8OE =5@2=>9 ?@8@>4K.
=B5@5A=>, GB> 8 2 3><5>?0B88 ?@8<5=ONB :><18=0F88 E<5;O A 4@C38<8
@0AB5=8O<8 (=0?@8<5@, OG<5=5<), ?@8G5< E<5;L G0I5 2A53> AB>8B =0 2B>@><
<5AB5.
@8<5=5=85 2 =0@>4=>9 <548F8=5. 0@O4C A C65 C:070==K<
?@8<5=5=85< 2 =0@>4=>9 <548F8=5 E<5;L H@05B >A>1CN @>;L 2 1>@L15 A
=0@CH5=8O<8 <5=AB@C0;L=>3> F8:;0 8 :;8<0:A><. A?>;L7C5BAO >= 8 ?@>B82
1>;57=59 <>G52>3> ?C7K@O 8 ?>G5:. 0NB G09 87 H8H5: E<5;O (?@83>B>2;5=85
>?8A0=> 2KH5) 8;8 ?@>AB> ?@8=8<0NB 2-3 @070 2 45=L =51>;LH>5 :>;8G5AB2>
65;57>: E<5;O =0 :>=G8:5 =>60. , :>=5G=>, E<5;L - 87;N1;5==K9 :><?>=5=B
=0?>;=8B5;59 A=>B2>@=KE ?>4CH5:.
>1>G=K5 459AB28O. @8 =>@<0;L=>9 4>78@>2:5 =5 A;54C5B >?0A0BLAO
=8:0:8E ?>1>G=KE 459AB289.
&8:>@89 >1K:=>25==K9
!;>6=>F25B=K5 - Asteraceae (Compositae).
0@>4=>5 =0720=85: :@KA8=K9 :>@5=L.
A?>;L7C5<K5 G0AB8: =0475<=0O G0ABL 8 :>@5=L.
?B5G=>5 =08<5=>20=85: :>@5=L F8:>@8O - Cichorii radix (@0=55: Radix
Cichorii), B@020 F8:>@8O - Cichorii herba (@0=55: Herba Cichorii).
>B0=8G5A:>5 >?8A0=85. A;8 4;O :0:>3>-=81C4L F25B:>2>3> @0AB5=8O 8
?>4E>48B A;>2> "@0AB>?K@5==K9", B> MB> =5A><=5==> 4;O F8:>@8O. -B>
<=>3>;5B=55 @0AB5=85 4>AB8305B 2 2KA>BC 1>;55 1 < 8 C:@5?;O5BAO 2 ?>G25
4;8==K< 25@5B5=>284=K< :>@=5<. !B515;L @51@8ABK9, ?>;K9, ?>:@KB 3@C1K<8
2>;>A:0<8, 2 @07=KE <5AB0E 8738105BAO 8 @0AB>?K@5==> 25B28BAO. 86=85
;8ABLO ?5@8AB>;>?0AB=K5, ?> <5@5 65 ?@>42865=8O 225@E ?> AB51;N >=8
AB0=>2OBAO 2A5 1>;55 ?@>ABK<8, A0<K5 25@E=85 - ;0=F5B=K5. A5 @0AB5=85
A>45@68B 3>@L:89 <;5G=K9 A>:. @>A:> :@0A82K F25B:8 - 3>;C1K5, 8=>340
@>7>2K5 8;8 15;K5. =8 @0A?>;030NBAO ?> >4=><C 8;8 =51>;LH8<8 3@C??0<8
=0 AB51;5, @0A:@K20NBAO B>;L:> =0 A>;=F5 8 >G5=L 1KAB@> >BF25B0NB.
BF25BH85 F25B:8 A@07C 65 70<5=ONBAO =>2K<8. &25B5B A 8N;O ?> A5=BO1@L.
&8:>@89 =5;L7O =0720BL @54:8< @0AB5=85<. = ;N18B >B=>A8B5;L=> BO65;K5
3;8=8ABK5 ?>G2K. AB@5G05BAO ?> >1>G8=0< 4>@>3, ?> >B:>A0<
65;57=>4>@>6=KE =0AK?59, =0 ?>;OE 8 ?CABK@OE, =0 <560E 8 =0 ;C30E.
!1>@ 8 703>B>2:0. &25BCICN B@02C 703>B>2;ONB 2 8N;5 8 70B5< 1KAB@> 8
>A=>20B5;L=> ACH0B =0 2>74CE5. >@=8 2K:0?K20NB ?>74=59 >A5=LN,
>A2>1>640NB ?CB5< >A=>20B5;L=>3> >B<K20=8O >B ?@8AB02H59 75<;8,
@07@570NB 24>;L ?>?>;0< 8 2K:;04K20NB 4;O ACH:8 2 ?@>25B@8205<>< <5AB5.
59AB2CNI85 25I5AB20. 0@O4C A <=>3>G8A;5==K<8 4@C38<8
:><?>=5=B0<8, :>B>@K<8, 25@>OB=>, B0:65 >1CA;>2;5=> 459AB285 MB>3>
@0AB5=8O, 206=59H8<8, ?>60;C9, O2;ONBAO 3>@5G8 8 4C18;L=K5 25I5AB20.
&5;51=>5 459AB285 8 ?@8<5=5=85. ;03>40@O A2>5<C E8<8G5A:><C
A>AB02C F8:>@89 <>65B A;C68BL 3>@L:8< 2>71C640NI8< 8 B>=878@CNI8<
A@54AB2><, :>B>@>5 40NB ?@8 ?>B5@5 0??5B8B0, 70<54;5==>< >BB>:5 65;G8 8
=0@CH5=8OE 45OB5;L=>AB8 ?5G5=8 2 A<5A8 A 4@C38<8 F5;51=K<8 @0AB5=8O<8
(B0:8<8, :0: <OB0 ?5@5G=0O, @><0H:0, 7>;>B>BKAOG=8:). !E>4=K< >1@07><
2KA:07K205BAO 8 >AC40@AB25==0O A;C610 74@02>>E@0=5=8O 5@<0=88,
@5:><5=4CO ?@8<5=5=85 F8:>@8O 2 A>>B25BAB2CNI8E G09=KE A<5AOE ?@8
<=>3>G8A;5==KE =54C30E, 2 >A=>25 :>B>@KE ;568B =0@CH5=85 >1<5=0 25I5AB2
(<5B5>@87<, 1>;8 2 B5;5, ?>B5@O 0??5B8B0, GC2AB2> BO65AB8 8 3>;>2=K5 1>;8).
!2>8E ?@825@65=F52 8<55B 8 G09 87 >4=>3> F8:>@8O.
" '09 87 F8:>@8O: 1 G09=CN ;>6:C B@02K 8;8 A<5A8 B@02K 8
:>@=59 70;820NB 1/4 ; E>;>4=>9 2>4K, =03@520NB 4> :8?5=8O 8
:8?OBOB ?@8<5@=> 2-3 <8=CBK. 0B5< ?@>F56820NB. >78@>2:0: 2-3
G0H:8 2 45=L.
59AB285 F8:>@8O A>25@H5==> 0=0;>38G=K< 459AB28N >4C20=G8:0,
?>MB><C =0AB>OB5;L=> @5:><5=4CN >1@0B8BL 2=8<0=85 =0 A<5AL 87 MB8E 42CE
F5;51=KE @0AB5=89. ! 4>102:>9 5I5 =5:>B>@>3> :>;8G5AB20 <OBK ?5@5G=>9
?>;CG0NB G09, :>B>@K9 ?@5:@0A=> ?>4E>48B 4;O 25A5==53> 8 >A5==53>
>74>@>28B5;L=KE :C@A>2 ;5G5=8O. -B>B G09 1;03>B2>@=> 2;8O5B B0:65 =0
@52<0B8G5A:85 1>;57=8, CA8;8205B 45OB5;L=>ABL ?5G5=8 8 ?>G5:, :>@>G5,
2>AAB0=02;8205B =>@<0;L=>5 A0<>GC2AB285.
" '09=0O A<5AL A >4C20=G8:>< 8 <OB>9: "@020 F8:>@8O A
:>@=5< 20,0 "@020 >4C20=G8:0 A :>@=5< 20,0 8ABLO <OBK ?5@5G=>9
10,0 25 G09=K5 ;>6:8 A<5A8 70;8BL 1/4 ; E>;>4=>9 2>4K, =03@5BL 4>
:8?5=8O 8 ?@>F548BL. 8BL ?> G0H:5 G0O 1-2 @070 2 45=L; :C@A: 3-6
=545;L.
@8 65;0=88 ?>4A;0AB8BL ?>;L7C9B5AL G5< C3>4=>, B>;L:> =5 A0E0@><: >=,
?> <>5<C <=5=8N, AN40 =5 ?>4E>48B. 0 8 =5?>4A;0I5==K9 G09 ;CGH5.
@8<5=5=85 2 =0@>4=>9 <548F8=5. @>F8B8@CN A=0G0;0 A>>1I5=85 >
F5;51=>< 459AB288 F8:>@8O, 40B8@C5<>5 1577 3>4><. . >: ?8H5B:
" @83>@H=O F8:>@8O, =0AB>O==0O 2 2>45 8 2K?8B0O, 2K2>48B 65;GL 8 15;CN
A;87L ?@8 ABC;5... B20@, A45;0==K9 87 B@02K 8 :>@=O A 28=>< 8;8 2>4>9 8
2K?8BK9 B5?;K<, >B:@K205B ?5G5=L 8 A5;575=:C 8 4>;65= 8A?>;L7>20BLAO ?@8
2>4O=:5 8 8AB>I5=88". 5 C4828B5;L=> ;8, A:>;L <=>3>5 87 MB>3> C65 A53>4=O
?@87=0=> :0: 01A>;NB=> ?@028;L=>5. !:070==>5 2KH5 ?5@5=O; !510ABLO=
=09?? 8 225; 2 =0@>4=CN <548F8=C, 345 F8:>@89 70=8<05B ?>G5B=>5 <5AB> :0:
65;C4>G=>5, 65;G53>==>5 8 ?5G5=>G=>5 A@54AB2>. 3> G0AB> 8A?>;L7CNB 8 ?@8
=5G8AB>9 :>65: ?LNB G09, 45;0NB >1<K20=8O, =0:;04K20NB 2 2845 :><?@5AA>2.
0: 1C4B> A CA?5E><. >1>G=KE 459AB289 >?0A0BLAO =5 AB>8B.
Wyszukiwarka
Podobne podstrony:
Leki wpływaj±ce na układ krzepnięciaFarmakodynamika leków wpływających na przekaźnictwo nerwowo mięśniowe i mięśnie szkieletoweLeki wpływające na autonomiczny układ nerwowoy ukł współczulnyCzynniki wpływające na kumulację azotanów w roślinachCzynniki wplywajace na rentownosc bankow w polskim sektorze bankowymBadanie szczegółowe układ nerwowyAnatomia człowieka Układ nerwowy i percepcja zmysłowaCzynniki wpływającego na aktywność enzymówczynniki wplywajace na wiarygodnosc zeznan swiadkowUkład nerwowy obwodowy u człowiekaUkład nerwowy3więcej podobnych podstron