Interface java.sql.Connection
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Interface java.sql.Connection
public interface Connection
A Connection represents a session with a specific
database. Within the context of a Connection, SQL statements are
executed and results are returned.
A Connection's database is able to provide information
describing its tables, its supported SQL grammar, its stored
procedures, the capabilities of this connection, etc. This
information is obtained with the getMetaData method.
Note: By default the Connection automatically commits
changes after executing each statement. If auto commit has been
disabled, an explicit commit must be done or database changes will
not be saved.
See Also:
getConnection, Statement, ResultSet, DatabaseMetaData
TRANSACTION_NONE
Transactions are not supported.
TRANSACTION_READ_COMMITTED
Dirty reads are prevented; non-repeatable reads and phantom
reads can occur.
TRANSACTION_READ_UNCOMMITTED
Dirty reads, non-repeatable reads and phantom reads can occur.
TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ
Dirty reads and non-repeatable reads are prevented; phantom
reads can occur.
TRANSACTION_SERIALIZABLE
Dirty reads, non-repeatable reads and phantom reads are prevented.
clearWarnings()
After this call, getWarnings returns null until a new warning is
reported for this Connection.
close()
In some cases, it is desirable to immediately release a
Connection's database and JDBC resources instead of waiting for
them to be automatically released; the close method provides this
immediate release.
commit()
Commit makes all changes made since the previous
commit/rollback permanent and releases any database locks
currently held by the Connection.
createStatement()
SQL statements without parameters are normally
executed using Statement objects.
getAutoCommit()
Get the current auto-commit state.
getCatalog()
Return the Connection's current catalog name.
getMetaData()
A Connection's database is able to provide information
describing its tables, its supported SQL grammar, its stored
procedures, the capabilities of this connection, etc.
getTransactionIsolation()
Get this Connection's current transaction isolation mode.
getWarnings()
The first warning reported by calls on this Connection is
returned.
isClosed()
Tests to see if a Connection is closed.
isReadOnly()
Tests to see if the connection is in read-only mode.
nativeSQL(String)
A driver may convert the JDBC sql grammar into its system's
native SQL grammar prior to sending it; nativeSQL returns the
native form of the statement that the driver would have sent.
prepareCall(String)
A SQL stored procedure call statement is handled by creating a
CallableStatement for it.
prepareStatement(String)
A SQL statement with or without IN parameters can be
pre-compiled and stored in a PreparedStatement object.
rollback()
Rollback drops all changes made since the previous
commit/rollback and releases any database locks currently held
by the Connection.
setAutoCommit(boolean)
If a connection is in auto-commit mode, then all its SQL
statements will be executed and committed as individual
transactions.
setCatalog(String)
A sub-space of this Connection's database may be selected by setting a
catalog name.
setReadOnly(boolean)
You can put a connection in read-only mode as a hint to enable
database optimizations.
setTransactionIsolation(int)
You can call this method to try to change the transaction
isolation level using one of the TRANSACTION_* values.
TRANSACTION_NONE
public static final int TRANSACTION_NONE
Transactions are not supported.
TRANSACTION_READ_UNCOMMITTED
public static final int TRANSACTION_READ_UNCOMMITTED
Dirty reads, non-repeatable reads and phantom reads can occur.
TRANSACTION_READ_COMMITTED
public static final int TRANSACTION_READ_COMMITTED
Dirty reads are prevented; non-repeatable reads and phantom
reads can occur.
TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ
public static final int TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ
Dirty reads and non-repeatable reads are prevented; phantom
reads can occur.
TRANSACTION_SERIALIZABLE
public static final int TRANSACTION_SERIALIZABLE
Dirty reads, non-repeatable reads and phantom reads are prevented.
createStatement
public abstract Statement createStatement() throws SQLException
SQL statements without parameters are normally
executed using Statement objects. If the same SQL statement
is executed many times, it is more efficient to use a
PreparedStatement
Returns:
a new Statement object
Throws: SQLException
if a database-access error occurs.
prepareStatement
public abstract PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql) throws SQLException
A SQL statement with or without IN parameters can be
pre-compiled and stored in a PreparedStatement object. This
object can then be used to efficiently execute this statement
multiple times.
Note: This method is optimized for handling
parametric SQL statements that benefit from precompilation. If
the driver supports precompilation, prepareStatement will send
the statement to the database for precompilation. Some drivers
may not support precompilation. In this case, the statement may
not be sent to the database until the PreparedStatement is
executed. This has no direct affect on users; however, it does
affect which method throws certain SQLExceptions.
Parameters:
sql - a SQL statement that may contain one or more '?' IN
parameter placeholders
Returns:
a new PreparedStatement object containing the
pre-compiled statement
Throws: SQLException
if a database-access error occurs.
prepareCall
public abstract CallableStatement prepareCall(String sql) throws SQLException
A SQL stored procedure call statement is handled by creating a
CallableStatement for it. The CallableStatement provides
methods for setting up its IN and OUT parameters, and
methods for executing it.
Note: This method is optimized for handling stored
procedure call statements. Some drivers may send the call
statement to the database when the prepareCall is done; others
may wait until the CallableStatement is executed. This has no
direct affect on users; however, it does affect which method
throws certain SQLExceptions.
Parameters:
sql - a SQL statement that may contain one or more '?'
parameter placeholders. Typically this statement is a JDBC
function call escape string.
Returns:
a new CallableStatement object containing the
pre-compiled SQL statement
Throws: SQLException
if a database-access error occurs.
nativeSQL
public abstract String nativeSQL(String sql) throws SQLException
A driver may convert the JDBC sql grammar into its system's
native SQL grammar prior to sending it; nativeSQL returns the
native form of the statement that the driver would have sent.
Parameters:
sql - a SQL statement that may contain one or more '?'
parameter placeholders
Returns:
the native form of this statement
Throws: SQLException
if a database-access error occurs.
setAutoCommit
public abstract void setAutoCommit(boolean autoCommit) throws SQLException
If a connection is in auto-commit mode, then all its SQL
statements will be executed and committed as individual
transactions. Otherwise, its SQL statements are grouped into
transactions that are terminated by either commit() or
rollback(). By default, new connections are in auto-commit
mode.
The commit occurs when the statement completes or the next
execute occurs, whichever comes first. In the case of
statements returning a ResultSet, the statement completes when
the last row of the ResultSet has been retrieved or the
ResultSet has been closed. In advanced cases, a single
statement may return multiple results as well as output
parameter values. Here the commit occurs when all results and
output param values have been retrieved.
Parameters:
autoCommit - true enables auto-commit; false disables
auto-commit.
Throws: SQLException
if a database-access error occurs.
getAutoCommit
public abstract boolean getAutoCommit() throws SQLException
Get the current auto-commit state.
Returns:
Current state of auto-commit mode.
Throws: SQLException
if a database-access error occurs.
See Also:
setAutoCommit
commit
public abstract void commit() throws SQLException
Commit makes all changes made since the previous
commit/rollback permanent and releases any database locks
currently held by the Connection. This method should only be
used when auto commit has been disabled.
Throws: SQLException
if a database-access error occurs.
See Also:
setAutoCommit
rollback
public abstract void rollback() throws SQLException
Rollback drops all changes made since the previous
commit/rollback and releases any database locks currently held
by the Connection. This method should only be used when auto
commit has been disabled.
Throws: SQLException
if a database-access error occurs.
See Also:
setAutoCommit
close
public abstract void close() throws SQLException
In some cases, it is desirable to immediately release a
Connection's database and JDBC resources instead of waiting for
them to be automatically released; the close method provides this
immediate release.
Note: A Connection is automatically closed when it is
garbage collected. Certain fatal errors also result in a closed
Connection.
Throws: SQLException
if a database-access error occurs.
isClosed
public abstract boolean isClosed() throws SQLException
Tests to see if a Connection is closed.
Returns:
true if the connection is closed; false if it's still open
Throws: SQLException
if a database-access error occurs.
getMetaData
public abstract DatabaseMetaData getMetaData() throws SQLException
A Connection's database is able to provide information
describing its tables, its supported SQL grammar, its stored
procedures, the capabilities of this connection, etc. This
information is made available through a DatabaseMetaData
object.
Returns:
a DatabaseMetaData object for this Connection
Throws: SQLException
if a database-access error occurs.
setReadOnly
public abstract void setReadOnly(boolean readOnly) throws SQLException
You can put a connection in read-only mode as a hint to enable
database optimizations.
Note: setReadOnly cannot be called while in the
middle of a transaction.
Parameters:
readOnly - true enables read-only mode; false disables
read-only mode.
Throws: SQLException
if a database-access error occurs.
isReadOnly
public abstract boolean isReadOnly() throws SQLException
Tests to see if the connection is in read-only mode.
Returns:
true if connection is read-only
Throws: SQLException
if a database-access error occurs.
setCatalog
public abstract void setCatalog(String catalog) throws SQLException
A sub-space of this Connection's database may be selected by setting a
catalog name. If the driver does not support catalogs it will
silently ignore this request.
Throws: SQLException
if a database-access error occurs.
getCatalog
public abstract String getCatalog() throws SQLException
Return the Connection's current catalog name.
Returns:
the current catalog name or null
Throws: SQLException
if a database-access error occurs.
setTransactionIsolation
public abstract void setTransactionIsolation(int level) throws SQLException
You can call this method to try to change the transaction
isolation level using one of the TRANSACTION_* values.
Note: setTransactionIsolation cannot be called while
in the middle of a transaction.
Parameters:
level - one of the TRANSACTION_* isolation values with the
exception of TRANSACTION_NONE; some databases may not support
other values
Throws: SQLException
if a database-access error occurs.
See Also:
supportsTransactionIsolationLevel
getTransactionIsolation
public abstract int getTransactionIsolation() throws SQLException
Get this Connection's current transaction isolation mode.
Returns:
the current TRANSACTION_* mode value
Throws: SQLException
if a database-access error occurs.
getWarnings
public abstract SQLWarning getWarnings() throws SQLException
The first warning reported by calls on this Connection is
returned.
Note: Subsequent warnings will be chained to this
SQLWarning.
Returns:
the first SQLWarning or null
Throws: SQLException
if a database-access error occurs.
clearWarnings
public abstract void clearWarnings() throws SQLException
After this call, getWarnings returns null until a new warning is
reported for this Connection.
Throws: SQLException
if a database-access error occurs.
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