Data Sheets - Replenishment of B&W Developers
Replenishment of B&W Developers
Continuous replenishment of ATOMAL FF, REFINAL
and REFINAL M developers ensures consistent results over long periods
of processing. This means the speed yield is uniformly good and the
gradation is constant. Theoretically the developers can be replenished
indefinitely. Replacement is only necessary if the tank solution has
been contaminated (e.g. by glue residues, gelatine and silver sludge).
Level replenishment in tanks
The replenishment rate is the same as the amount of solution carried
over by the films. The tank contents are topped up to the correct level
with replenisher as needed. Then stir the tank solution well and let
any suspended particles settle.
Automatic replenishment
The effective replenishment rate depends on the throughput. The rates
for a high throughput are relatively lower than for a small throughput,
or when there are long idle times between batches.
The following replenishment rates should serve only as guides:
per sqm film = 250 ml
per 135-36 film = 14 ml
per 120 rollfilm = 17 ml
per 9 x 12 cm sheet film= 2.7 ml
Remedies for over- and under-replenishment
Incorrect replenishment is indicated by the negatives being too flat or
too steep and/or having too low or high density in spite of accurate
exposure, developing time and developer temperature. In the case of over-replenishment
(= developer activity too high) top up with developer tank solution
until the fresh state is reached. NB The
replenisher must never be mixed with fresh solution or diluted with
water. In the case of under-replenishment (= developer activity too
low), the replenishment rate must be raised or part of the tank
contents replaced with replenisher.
Adjustments of this kind can be repeated a number of times.
jump to Assortment
The instructions above represent only an excerpt from
the technical data sheet "Agfa Black and White Chemicals, Film
Processing" which, as a total document, is available as a PDF
file (107 KB).
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