14. (a) The mass number A is the number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus. Since mp H" mn the mass of
the nucleus is approximately Amp. Also, the mass of the electrons is negligible since it is much less
than that of the nucleus. So M H" Amp.
1
(b) For H, the approximate formula gives M H" Amp = (1)(1.007276 u) = 1.007276 u. The actual
mass is (see Table 47-1) 1.007825 u. The percent error committed is then ´ = (1.007825 u -
7 31 81
1.007276 u)/1.007825 u = 0.054%. Similarly, ´ = 0.50% for Li, 0.81% for P, 0.83% for Br,
120 157 197 272 239
0.81% for Sn, 0.78% for Gd, 0.74% for Au, 0.72% for Ac, and 0.71% for Pu.
(c) No. In a typical nucleus the binding energy per nucleon is several MeV, which is a bit less than 1%
of the nucleon mass times c2. This is comparable with the percent error calculated in part (b), so
we need to use a more accurate method to calculate the nuclear mass.
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