FREE
Pengui n Reader s
T eacher  s Gui de
t o Usi ng Fi l m and T V
Carolyn Walker
Contents
Introduction 2
Graded Readers: some preliminary comments 2
Video as a classroom medium 2
Video films and Graded Readers 3
Teaching reading and the use of video films 3
Technical points when using video films in class 4
Choosing and developing video materials for Graded Readers 4
Using video clips with a class Reader: some activities and suggestions
Before reading the book or sections of the book 5
Using video to preview the story 5
Using video for vocabulary teaching 7
Comprehension of the video clip 7
After reading short sections of the book 9
Inferring 9
Same or different? 10
Further suggestions for homework 10
After reading the book 11
Using clips 11
Using the whole film 11
Projects 12
Bibliography 12
Photocopiable Student's Worksheets
1 Establishing the characters
2 Previewing a part of the book
3 Getting the picture
4 The starting point
5 Thinking about character
6 From book to film
7 Conversation: same or different?
8 Timelines: same or different?
9 Remembering the characters
10 Favourite scenes
11 Book compared to film
12 A film review
Introduction Video as a classroom medium
A large number of the books in the Penguin Readers Teachers have been using video in language teaching
series have been made into a feature film or TV series for many years. The combination of sound and vision is
or are written from the screenplay of a feature film or a particularly exciting and dynamic way of exposing
TV series. These films are widely available on video. learners to language. Video is intrinsically motivating:
Why shouldn t teachers make use of this very valuable the screen captures our attention in a way quite unlike
resource in the classroom? This book is intended to other media.
provide teachers with some ideas for using video films
Contextualized information
in conjunction with Graded Readers.
Video offers learners an opportunity to experience
spoken language in action in the next best way to being
Graded Readers: some
in the language community itself. Most of the features
preliminary comments
of a real communicative situation are present: as well as
Graded Readers have a very important role to play in the soundtrack, there is also a wealth of visual
the learning of English. Research has shown that information which accompanies the language. For
example, with a video, learners can see what the setting
reading a lot of interesting material at the appropriate
of the story is and what the characters look like, which
level of language will help students to:
both provides contextual information and aids
improve their reading skills and become faster and
comprehension. Learners can see clues in the physical
more fluent readers
setting as to the formality or informality of the situation,
improve their knowledge of grammar and vocabulary
which will be important for the type of vocabulary,
improve their spelling
structures, stress, rhythm and intonation they will hear.
improve other language skills including writing,
In addition, learners can see how people move as
speaking and listening
they speak, how their bodies move in time with the
improve their general knowledge rhythm of their speech, what their arm gestures and
facial expressions are, and the general  set of the
improve their confidence in reading and their attitude
mouth and jaw in the articulation of speech sounds.
to reading for pleasure
They can see how eye contact plays a role in spoken
Graded Readers are ideal for extensive reading because
communication, along with other non-linguistic ways in
most series include books for every level of language
which people relate to each other. All of these aspects
competence, from beginner to advanced.
will provide learners with a wealth of linguistic,
There are three main ways in which a Graded Reader
paralinguistic and cross-cultural information which will
can be used: enable comparison with their own language and culture.
As a class Reader: the teacher of a class, or the Visual aid
teacher together with the students, chooses a book
An important point, already hinted at above, is that
at the right level for the class, and everyone has a
video can act as a visual aid for language learning. In
copy of the book to read. Students can do the
language teaching we make much use of photographs
reading at home or in class, individually or as shared and other types of still picture to help teach and to
or group reading. Exercises and activities for class provide stimuli for the practice of language. Using video
work can be based on the class Reader. films for this purpose gives an added dimension 
namely that of time and movement. A sequence from a
In a class library: a selection of books at the right
video film, whether with sound or not, can depict
level for a class is assembled. On a regular basis,
narrative in a way that is quite impossible with still
each student chooses a book to read. Students read
pictures. Thus, the visual content of a video film can be
their books in class in a  quiet reading session , or
exploited to good purpose, even where the language
they read the books at home for homework. The
may sometimes be too difficult for some learners.
teacher may wish to see each student individually to
discuss the book they are reading. There may also
Authentic material
be activity sheets and exercises to do.
TV and feature films are just one category in a wide
As part of a school library. The school may have its
range of video material that can be used in the language
own library, or a reading section which is part of a
classroom. However, unlike some other types of
larger self-access centre. Here each student
language teaching video material, TV and feature films
withdraws a book appropriate for his or her level
are not devised for the language classroom, and so they
whenever they wish. The book may or may not have can be used to provide samples of authentic language
an accompanying activity sheet. Teachers may ask use. (Note, however, that it is a certain type of language
students to write  reading diaries so that a record of use: films are made from a written script, or screenplay,
and therefore much of the conversation which takes
the reading is kept.
place is not exactly like the informal, unscripted
Detailed suggestions and advice on using Graded
spontaneous language of everyday use, though there
Readers can be found in the Penguin Readers Teacher s
are, of course, many features in common.)
Guide to Using Graded Readers (1998).
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At the same time, because the language is authentic, easier to achieve a reasonable understanding of the
the use of films will share many of the problems of authentic language of the film. It is also common to find
that pieces of conversation in the book actually occur in
other types of authentic material, arising mainly from
the film dialogue, sometimes word-for-word and
language difficulty. Nonetheless, as we will see, there
sometimes in a slightly modified form. Thus it will be
are many ways in which video films can be exploited in
possible expose students to samples of real speech in a
the classroom, even at lower levels of language.
way that will be relatively enjoyable.
Active viewing
Motivation
A word of warning: Many people spend a large part of
As Stephen Krashen has noted,  Free voluntary
their leisure time watching TV programmes or films or
reading... is the missing ingredient in intermediate
going to the cinema. They associate this medium with
second and foreign language instruction 1. However,
relaxation and pleasure, and therefore the way in which
fostering the reading habit, especially in a foreign
people watch may tend to be passive and uncritical.
language, is not an easy task. Using a film version of a
However, the use of video in the language classroom
book will help encourage students to read for pleasure
requires that learners watch in a rather different way. It
in the foreign language. If they have enjoyed a film, they
can be strange, if learners are not used to it, to find that
will feel positive towards the book, and if they have read
they are required to watch actively and respond to an
the book first they will enjoy seeing the film version.
entertainment medium in a pedagogic situation. This
Classroom activities
may be particularly true of feature films.
Finally, and possibly most importantly, many exciting
Video films and Graded Readers
classroom activities can be devised which make use of
the two media. The film and book versions will usually
Pairing a Graded Reader with its English language film
contain interesting differences and similarities which
version can create a powerful resource for teaching and
can be exploited in class so that practice in listening
learning English.
and reading skills can be integrated in a natural,
Sources of language
authentic way through exercises based on the
As well as telling a story through two different media, relationship between the two forms of the story.
the book and the film provide different sources of
language data. A film will exemplify unsimplified, Teaching reading and the use of
spoken language while the book presents the narrative
video films
through simplified, written language. Thus, and
Working with video films is a good way to maintain
unusually for the classroom, the teacher has examples
students interest and help with their understanding of a
of two distinct genres of language use which deal with
story, but how does the use of video films fit in with
the same topic.
reading classes and the development of students ability
Comprehension processes
to read in English?
Working on a story through two media can help in
This guide assumes three broad stages in the reading
important ways with both reading and listening
lesson, namely  before reading ,  reading and  after
comprehension. Firstly, the visual content of films
reading . The first stage,  before reading , is used to
replaces much of the language of the written version,
build motivation, specify reading purposes, establish
so that the visual information can aid students
what is already known about the topic ( activate
understanding of the written text. For example, the film
schemata ), make predictions or pre-teach key
will help the language learner to build a mental
vocabulary. During the second stage, the text is read
representation of the world of the book. Seeing
and various reading skills are practised and developed.
characters on film will help students to distinguish
After having read the text, or a part of it, learners may
them in the book. Moreover, inference, an important
then work to develop their understanding, and their
aspect of the comprehension process, depends on an
experience of the text is extended through activities
understanding of how the world works, so seeing a film
such as discussion, interpretation, or reformulation of
version will provide a student with the requisite
the ideas in a different form.
information to enable this to take place successfully.
In the reading lesson, teachers may wish, for example:
The film provides a context within which students can
to help learners to develop the ability to recognize
make informed guesses of the meanings of unknown
words and process text rapidly;
words or phrases in a written text. Seeing pictures first
to develop learners abilities to use different styles of
will help students to understand new written
reading depending on their purposes;
vocabulary. In sum, watching a film sequence which
matches a section of the book will act as a kind of
to enable learners to comprehend as fully as possible
reformulation of the narrative which will enrich and
and to be aware of their responses and
inform students comprehension of the written
interpretations;
language.
to help them make use of worthwhile strategies while
As far as listening comprehension is concerned, the
they are  learner readers , such as guessing
fact that students can read a simplified written version
meanings from context;
of the narrative will mean that they will find it much
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The Power of Reading 1993:1 Englewood NJ: Libraries Unlimited Inc.
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to help learners extend their knowledge of structure Features of the VCR and basic techniques for
viewing
and vocabulary.
You can exploit the features of the VCR for different
If you are using a Graded Reader as a class Reader,
purposes and to create different kinds of activities.
short sections of video films can be used in reading
These features and techniques are listed below:
lessons at the before-reading and after-reading stages,
1  Normal viewing
and this is where this guide concentrates most of its
Everyone can see and hear simultaneously and the
attention.
film clip is played through without pausing.
Of course, video films can also be watched after all
2 Repeated viewing
the reading is done  or even before reading the book -
when students may enjoy seeing the whole film in one
You should expect to rewind and replay the film, or
sitting. Suggestions for exploitation of this approach are
parts of the film, several times in order for students
also given towards the end of this guide.
to understand well.
Finally, your school may have a library or study
3 Still picture
centre. Some study centres provide books and tapes for
Using the pause or freeze frame button will give a
students to borrow, and some also have facilities for
still picture. This can be used to concentrate on
students to listen to or watch something on their own.
vocabulary, to predict what will happen, to check
In either case, it is a good idea to have a video library of
comprehension or as a cue to remind students of
films which go with the selection of Graded Readers so
what they have seen.
that students may read individually and then borrow the
4 Silent viewing
film of their book. They may find some of the
By adjusting the volume control, students can watch
worksheets in this book useful to use at the same time.
the film without sound. This is very useful. Students
can focus only on the visual information as a way of
Technical points when using
 previewing the written text. They can make
video films in class
predictions, supply their own dialogue, or give a
Equipment
simultaneous description of what they see.
If you have not used video before, here are some
5 High speed viewing  backwards or forwards
important suggestions:
Use the slow rewind button or the slow fast forward
Familiarize yourself with the equipment. Make sure
button to give students a preview of what they will
that you know how to operate the controls for both
see, or to remind students of what they have seen as
the television and the video cassette recorder (VCR).
a kind of summary. You can use this type of viewing
Practise if necessary.
to predict events and pre-teach vocabulary, or you
Before the class:
can exploit it for discussion.
1 Give yourself plenty of time to set up the equipment.
6 Sound only
Check that everything that needs to be switched on
Turn the screen away from the students, or turn
is switched on and that the VCR is working properly
down the brightness/contrast on the screen, so that
(there is nothing worse than saying  Now we re
the picture is invisible. Students have to guess what
going to watch a film , pressing the switch  and
is happening from what they can hear.
nothing happens!).
7 Split viewing
2 Put in the cassette and play a little bit of the film to
You can create information gaps by dividing the
check that the sound is clear and that there is a good
class and turning the screen so that some students
picture. If either of these is poor, students will not
hear only, while others see and hear. Alternatively, if
enjoy the experience.
you make an audio tape of the soundtrack as well,
3 Adjust the volume control if necessary. Go to the
some students can hear only while others see only.
back of the room and check that the soundtrack is
These information gaps can then be exploited in
clearly audible.
various ways for language practice.
4 Make sure that everyone in the room will be able to
see the screen. Make sure that there is no light
Choosing and developing video
reflecting on the screen making the picture invisible.
materials for Graded Readers
Note whether you will need to turn off lights or draw
When working with authentic materials, teachers often
curtains.
find they need to spend a fair amount of time choosing
5 Find the right place to begin your film and set the
suitable materials and devising activities to go with
counter on the VCR to zero so that you can easily
them. Videos of feature films are no exception.
rewind to repeat the showing.
Choosing a video film for a Graded Reader
6 Find a good place for yourself to be while the video
Some things to bear in mind when selecting video
is playing: you need to be able to watch the film and
films to go with Graded Readers are:
also to control it if necessary.
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The film may be linguistically much harder than the Instead, students can be asked to listen for the gist
book. It may contain accents to which students are or main ideas of the dialogue and to interpret the
not accustomed, or the speed of speech may make it visual information on the film; or to listen for specific
particularly difficult for students to understand. details of information or key words. (See for example
Visual information will compensate for language Worksheet 4, sections 3 and 4)
difficulty to some extent but it may be helpful to give
When you are preparing exercises, it is sometimes
students a tapescript at the end of the lesson.
helpful to make a transcript of the dialogue of the
Unlike the book, the film may contain surprisingly
section you wish to use.
culturally sensitive material, such as bad language,
sexual, violent or other material which you or your Using video clips with a class
students may find offensive or difficult for a
Reader: some activities and
classroom situation. Don t show the film without
suggestions
watching it first!
In the sections which follow, ideas for using video clips
Film versions vary considerably in how similar they
with a class Reader are organized for convenience into
are to the book. The film may differ from the
three sections:
simplified Graded Reader in plot, setting,
(i) before reading the book or sections of the book
characterization, events, ending, relationships etc.
(ii) after reading short sections of the book
But don t be put off by this: there will usually be
(iii) after reading the whole book.
many ways in which the film can be exploited.
Note, however, that this division is not absolute: as in
It may be useful, especially for lower level students,
other types of language activity, certain exercises in one
to use a version of the film which has subtitles in the
section could equally well be used at a different stage in
students own language. These can be usefully
the reading lesson.
exploited in class, in any case, or if you don t want
the students to see them, mask them with some
Worksheets containing examples of some of the
paper.
activities described can be found at the back of this
If you are only able to find a version of the film in guide. A few of these worksheets are designed for
certain films and/or books. However, where the
which the dialogue has been dubbed into the
worksheets are very specific, the intention is to provide
student's language, you can still make use of the film
a model so that teachers can devise similar worksheets
by using it purely as a visual aid; in other words,
for other films or books.
without sound. In the sections which follow, there
are many suggestions for silent viewing activities.
(I) BEFORE READING THE BOOK OR
Developing teaching and learning materials
SECTIONS OF THE BOOK
Some things to bear in mind when developing
classroom ideas based on video films with Graded
This section contains ideas for activities to be done
Readers are:
before students read the text, either the whole book
Choose very short sections or  clips (maximum 10
or each part of the book.
minutes) for class work. It is difficult to maintain
Showing scenes from the film will help students to
interest or to exploit longer extracts for teaching
prepare for understanding the written text by:
purposes.
providing background information on character and
Be sure to leave plenty of preparation time in order
setting (time and place) and allowing students to
to select appropriate clips which match the purposes
form mental pictures;
of the lesson, and to plan accompanying activities.
building expectations of events and plot;
A good choice of clip is a scene in the book which is
enabling the pre-teaching of key vocabulary in the
also portrayed in the film. In addition, it is worth
written text.
looking to see if there are other key aspects such as
At the same time, the students will have practice in
character, problems to be solved in the story, setting,
listening comprehension.
endings and so on which can be usefully explored
through the film.
Using video to preview the story
If students are at a low level, choose parts of the film
Use these activities to help students to prepare for
which do not have much dialogue.
comprehension of the written text. The activities will
Consider using the picture only (silent viewing) to
activate students background knowledge, establish a
elicit key features of plot, character, event or setting
few key concepts in the story and encourage
from the students. This is especially useful at the
predictions.
before reading stage
Play a few short sequences from the beginning,
Students should not be expected, even at quite an
middle and towards the end of the film. Discuss
advanced level, to understand every word of the film
what type of story it is, and what events students
dialogue. They may need to be told this.
might expect. Ask them to suggest some chapter
headings for the book.
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 10 Now refer to the back of the book. Ask students to read the back
Play a clip, or short scenes from a clip, that
cover: can they fill in any names? Put the name of the family in
corresponds to a chapter of the book. Ask students
the middle of the star.
to suggest the chapter title.
11 Check that everyone now has a picture of the family. The
children s names can be given to the students, or you can wait
Play the part of the film which gives the names of
until they look at the first chapter of the book, after which they
the film stars (usually the beginning). If the actors
could add the names to the star.
are known to the students, they can list the actors
12 Alternatively, you could ask students to look at the book at home
and say what roles they might have. There may be a
and to complete the diagram with the names of the family and its
members.
list of characters at the beginning of the book which
Character 2
you can use for this.
Suggested answer
sex: female
Play a short sequence once or twice on slow fast age: about 12
appearance: tallest child,
forward or on slow rewind. In pairs, students try to
long dark hair
reconstruct the events on the film. They then read
the text.
Character 1 Character 3
Make use of the book cover and the video cover or
sex: male sex: male
age: about 30 age: about 10
film poster. Students look at the title, chapter Role:
job: actor appearance:
daughter
appearance: light brown hair,
headings, pictures, story outline on the back of the Name: Lydia
brown hair, medium height
book, and video cover or film poster. They discuss in
Role: son
not smart, Role: father
Name: Christopher
Name: Daniel
friendly not
groups what might happen in the story and what
handsome Hilliard
might be the opening scene of the film. Then play
family
the opening scene; students can see if they were
right. Role: mother Role: daughter
Name: Miranda Name: Natalie
Use the cast list at the end of the film to show the
names of the main characters. Then ask students to
scan the book or chapter to see if the same
Character 5 Character 4
characters appear.
sex: female sex: female
age: about 30 age: about 6
Use the early parts of the film to establish the main
job: business woman appearance: smallest child,
appearance: short dark hair, smart, shoulder length dark hair
characters and help students get a clear mental
wearing a suit, quite pretty
picture of who is who before they start the book.
Here is an example worksheet (Student's Worksheet
 Most important character = father. The story is told from his point of
view. He is shown first.
1: Establishing the characters) of how this can be
done, using the book Madame Doubtfire by Anne
If you are introducing a new chapter in the book,
Fine (Penguin Readers, Level 3) and the film  Mrs
start the video viewing session with a still picture to
Doubtfire starring Robin Williams & Sally Field.
help recall the story, or play a short sequence and
(Made in 1997 by 20th Century Fox. (PG1):
then pause the film. Ask the students to say what is
happening in the picture, and what has just
For teacher's instructions see the following notes. For photocopiable
happened. Ask them to say, or act out, what they
Student's Worksheet, see the end section of the book.
think will happen next. What X is going to say next?
Pre-teach clip (a short section of film), character (a person in a
What is X going to do next?
story), appearance (what somebody looks like), and role (the
Some recent readers have still pictures from the film
part/position somebody plays in a story).
printed in them (for example, the following Penguin
1 Play the first few frames of the film, with sound, containing the
opening titles etc. During these frames, we see the father (played Readers: Emma, The Borrowers, Four Weddings and
by the actor Robin Williams) at work putting a soundtrack onto a
a Funeral). You can combine these pictures with a
cartoon film.
clip from the film to preview the chapter or section
2 Pause the film after a few seconds at a point where there is a
which students are about to read. Here is an example
good shot of the father. Students complete the box for
character 1. of how to do this using Emma, by Jane Austen
3 Ask students to say what role they think this man will have in
(Penguin Readers, Level 4, Pages 40-43) and the
relation to the other characters.
film  Emma starring Gwyneth Paltrow (made in 1996
4 Then fast forward to the shot of this man with some children.
by Miramax International (U)). Use Student's
Play a little of this scene without sound. Ask students to say what
is happening. Worksheet 2: Previewing a part of the book.
5 Pause where there is a shot of the man together with the children.
For teacher's instructions, see the following notes. For photocopiable
Students fill in the point of the star with his role (ie father of the
Student's Worksheet, see the end section of the book.
family).
First find the section of the film which deals with the picnic at Box
6 Students complete the details for characters 2, 3 and 4 in the
Hill. The clip begins with a shot of a country landscape and a group of
boxes and their roles (the daughters and son).
people seated on the grass, and ends with the scene in which Mr
7 Finally fast forward again to the shot of a woman in an office. Play
Knightley reprimands Emma for her unkind words to Miss Bates.
this part with or without sound.
8 Students complete the details for character 5 in the box. Also say Then:
what they think her role in the film is (ie wife/mother). 1 Ask students to read through the questions in exercise 1 on their
9 Ask the students to say from whose point of view they think the worksheet. Play the film clip right through once without sound,
story will be told (ie, the 'most important character')
1
The British Board of Film Censors gives all films an age rating as follows:
U = universal  suitable for all ages Uc = suitable for all, especially children PG = suitable for children with parental guidance
12 = suitable for people aged 12 and over 15 = suitable for people aged 15 and over 18 = suitable for people aged 18 and over
6
pausing it from time to time so that students can answer the
establish what is in the picture (see Worksheet 4,
questions. Ask them to tell you when they can see the characters
section 1 for an example).
listed.
Split the screen: use a large piece of card or a
2 Then ask the students to look at the picture in their book on page
movable blackboard to put at a right angle in front of
41 and say who they think has just spoken (exercise 2 on
worksheet).
the screen so that half the class sees one half of the
3 Ask students to read through exercise 3 on their worksheet.
screen and the rest of the class sees the other half of
Replay the film clip from the beginning, this time with sound and
the screen. By asking each other questions, students
stop it when you reach the still picture in the book. Students can
try to establish what is on the part of the screen they
say whether their answer to the question in 2 was correct. Repeat
the relevant part of the film so that students can complete Frank s can t see.
words on their worksheet ( Shall we play a game? ):
Character
4 Ask students to read through exercise 4 on their worksheet. Play
the remaining part of the clip through again without sound.
Make a list of words or phrases from the book
Students make notes on the questions. You could ask different
describing character traits, physical features or other
students to make notes on different questions. Students can then
important facts. Show short clips or stills of the
discuss answers in pairs or groups.
5 Finally, for homework or in class, ask students to read pages 40-
main characters and ask students to match the sets
43 in the book.
of words with each visual image of the character.
Choose a sequence with five or six different
Using video for vocabulary teaching
characters appearing consecutively. Turn the screen
Use these activities for vocabulary development and to
away from the class and turn the sound off.
help pre-teach vocabulary which occurs in the written
Individual students take turns to watch a small part
text. This kind of exercise is very useful where the story
of the sequence. As each student watches, he/she
contains culturally specific elements. An example of this
describes each character on screen to the class. The
is the sheepdog trials scene in  Babe (made in 1995 by
class try to decide who the characters are and how
Universal City Studios (U); book Babe - The Sheep Pig
many there are.
in Penguin Readers series, Level 2). You can show a
Show a clip in which a series of events occur
still picture from the scene, or a short sequence such
(maximum 10 minutes). While they watch, students
as where the pig enters the ring at the start of his
list the characters involved. Then they work in
competition, in order to help students understand what
groups to think of words which describe the
he has to do and what kind of place it is.
characters. Ask students to justify their choice of
words by recalling incidents from the clip. Use
Setting and visual details
Student's Worksheet 5: Thinking about character,
Use a video film to enable students to get a clear
for this activity. Note that this worksheet can be done
picture in their minds of the story setting before they
before reading a new part of the book, or equally
read, and also to learn any key vocabulary they will
well after students have read a section or chapter.
need for the story. See Student's Worksheet 3:
Getting the picture. A suggested procedure is as Comprehension of the video clip
follows:
When you use a video clip as part of your pre-reading
stage, you will obviously want to make sure that
For teacher's instructions see the following notes. For photocopiable
students have understood what they have seen. The
Student's Worksheet, see the end section of the book.
following activities:
1 Put students in pairs and arrange them so that only one of the
help to check comprehension of events, plot and
pair (student A) can see the screen.
2 Play a clip without sound, or a still picture while student B asks
dialogue in the film clip;
questions to try to guess what his or her partner is looking at.
provide the opportunity for language practice;
3 Student B tries to guess what type of scene his/her partner was
prepare students for reading by familiarizing them
looking at. Then get them both to look at the screen and to talk
about what they can see. with the story.
4 You could ask them to look in their dictionaries for new words
Note, however, that many of the following activities
that they might need, and to check pronunciation.
could also be done after students have read the text.
5 For homework, students could be asked to write a short
description of the picture they have seen, using any new words
Using the activities in this way will give students the
they have learnt.
opportunity to recycle language from the book.
Events and plot
Choose a part of the film which shows an object or a
place, and pause the film. Stick several pieces of In these activities, students can work in pairs or small
paper over most of the screen (use damp paper, or
groups. This will give them plenty of opportunities for
blutac or sticky tape). Ask students to say what they
language practice.
think is in the still picture. Gradually reveal the
Exploit an early sequence from the film which
picture. Build a list of the vocabulary students need
identifies one of the main problems to be resolved or
to describe the picture.
which sets the scene for the story before students
One student comes to the front to look at the screen.
start to read. Here is an example of how to do this
Turn the screen away from the rest of the class and
using the film 'Mrs Doubtfire' and the book Madame
pause the film, or play a short sequence without
Doubtfire (Penguin Readers, Level 3). Use Student's
sound. The class asks the student questions to
Worksheet 4: The starting point.
7
For teacher's instructions, see the following notes. For photocopiable
silently while individual students take it in turns to
Student's Worksheet, see the end section of the book.
give a commentary on what is happening.
A suggested procedure is as follows:
Play the clip with sound only. Turn the screen away
Pre-teach the following words: clip (a short piece of film), character
from the students, or turn down the
(a person in a story), expression (the look on somebody's face),
brightness/contrast on the TV. Then, in pairs or
divorce (the end of a marriage)
groups, students say or write what they think
1 Ask students to read exercise 1 on their worksheet. Play the clip
happened. Replay the clip, this time with the picture:
without sound. Students complete the questions on the
worksheet while or after watching.
were they right?
An alternative to this would be to turn the screen away from the
Ask some students (group A) to listen carefully for
class and ask one student to come and watch the film. The class
information on one topic while other students (group
ask the student the questions on the worksheet.
2 Ask students to read exercise 2 on their worksheet. Play the clip B) listen for another topic. Each student writes notes
again, this time with sound, pausing to elicit answers to the
on what they hear. In their groups, they confirm what
questions. Even if students cannot understand the language well,
they have heard. Then pair the students so that A
they will be able to tell how the characters are feeling.
students work with B students. The students watch
3 Play the clip once more for the students to complete the
tapescript in exercise 3 on their worksheet. the clip again while referring to their partner s notes.
4 Finally, tell the students that this scene happens before the book
Are the notes correct? (Worksheet 2, section 4
starts. Ask them to suggest how the story might continue, or
shows a set of questions which are suitable for this
what kinds of thing might happen.
type of activity.)
5 For homework, you could ask the students to imagine that they
are one of the characters, perhaps one of the children, and to
Some students see the picture only, while others
write about the scene as an entry in a diary, describing what
hear the sound track only (use an audio tape in
happened, how they felt and what they think could happen.
another room). Then, in pairs from each group, they
Tapescript
try to reconstruct the events.
The clip begins where Miranda is tidying up after she has arrived
One half of the class sees the sound and picture
home to find Daniel and the children having a birthday party.
(group A), the other half only hears the sound
Miranda: Why am I the only one who feels there have to be rules?
(group B). (Turn the screen away from one half of
Why do you always make me out to be the heavy?
the class, or ask half the class to sit with their backs
Daniel: I don t make you out to be anything. You do it yourself
quite naturally, Miranda.
to the screen.) Then in pairs, B students try to
Miranda: You set me up, Daniel, every time.
establish what happened by asking A students
Daniel: I don t set you up. Oh lighten up, will you? Just realize
questions.
you re spending too much time with those corporate
If the film has subtitles in the students' language,
clones you used to despise.
Miranda: I spend too much time with you, Daniel. It s over. It s over.
choose a short section (two or three minutes), mask
Daniel: Come on, Miranda. Listen. We ve got problems, but who
the screen so that only the subtitles are visible and
doesn t? We can work them out. What are you talking
play the clip without sound. Afterwards, ask students
about, it s over?
Miranda: We ve been trying to work them out for fourteen years. to say: how many people they think are in the scene
Daniel: Come on, please. Listen. Maybe we need some help, OK?
and what sort of people they might be. In pairs, get
Maybe we can go to a family therapist. They ll help us
the students to compare their ideas on what they
through this together.
think happened in the clip. Play the clip again with
Miranda: It s too late for that.
Daniel: Well, let s take a vacation together with the kids, as a full vision and sound: were they right?
family. Get you away from work, you re a different person,
Detailed listening to dialogue
you really are. You re great.
Working with dialogue involves comprehension of
Miranda: Oh Daniel. Our problems would be waiting for us right here
when we got back.
authentic speech. This may be quite difficult, so prepare
Daniel: Well, we ll move. We ll hope our problems won t follow us.
a tapescript to give to students, preferably after they
Miranda: Daniel, please don t joke.
have listened two or three times.
Daniel: OK.
Miranda: We ve just grown apart. We re different. We have nothing Ask students exactly what was said in a very short
in common.
sequence (one or two sentences). This could be
Daniel: Oh sure we do. We love each other. Come on, Miranda. We
done using a short piece of tapescript with gaps
love each other. Don t we?
which students fill in. Alternatively allow the students
Miranda: I want a divorce.
to control the VCR themselves, pausing and
(cut to shot of children watching them)
rewinding until they can repeat exactly what what
was said. ( For examples see Student's Worksheet
Students watch a film clip and then work together to
2, section 3 or Student's Worksheet 4, section 3)
draw, or complete, a flow chart or diagram which
If the film has subtitles in the students own
summarizes the events. Replay the clip: are the
diagrams correct? (See Student's Worksheet 8: language, play a clip without sound. Ask students to
Timelines: same or different? for an example of a prepare the dialogue in English. Compare their
suitable diagram.) version with the film, using a tapescript if necessary.
Students watch a film clip and then together decide Alternatively, play the film clip with sound and
what vocabulary they will need to retell the story. picture but mask the subtitles. Pause the film from
Play the clip in short sections, pausing to allow time to time and ask the students to write down or
students to discuss and make notes. Replay the clip suggest their own 'subtitle' for the sentence of
8
For teacher's instructions, see the following notes. For photocopiable
English dialogue they have just heard. Unmask the
Student's Worksheet, see the end section of the book.
subtitle so they can compare their answers with the
1 Ask students to do exercise 1 on their worksheet (they read their
original.
books from 'The weeks went past slowly' on page 14 to the end
From a film clip, list some important quotations. It is
of page 16). They could read it at home before the class.
useful if these quotations are also in the written text.
2 Ask students to do exercise 2 on their worksheet. Ask them to
Before they watch the clip, ask students to say who
work in pairs and then report back to the class.
they think said the words. Then play the clip and ask
3 (Worksheet, excercise 3) Play the clip with sound. Ask students to
students to tell you when they hear the words.
tell you to stop the film when they think each sentence is being
shown on the film (or stop it yourself). Discuss whether the scene
is as students imagined. At the same time students should
(II) AFTER READING SHORT SECTIONS
number the events in the order in which they happen in the film.
OF THE BOOK
Answer
This section contains ideas for activities to be done
(i) I also wrote a letter to Jenny
after students have read short sections or chapters of
3
Curran.
the book, and require that the relevant part of the film
(ii) Bubba and I decided that we
is not seen first.
would get a shrimp boat when we 2
These activities are designed to extend students' got home.
comprehension through close examination of the (iii) It started to rain and didn t stop...
1
written text and through exploitation of the differences
(iv) But we still had to look for enemy
soldiers and one day we found
between the film and book versions. In addition to
4
them.
practising aspects of listening comprehension (for
(v) I looked round for Bubba but he
example, gist-level understanding of the dialogue,
5
wasn t there...
listening for specific words), students will also be
(vi) I saw another man who was
engaged in  video comprehension , that is,
6
hurt... so I picked him up...
understanding the story as it is shown through words
(vii) Then I ran... and found Bubba.
7
and pictures. The activities will encourage greater
(viii) He said something very softly...
critical awareness of techniques of film-making and
9
and then he died.
story-telling, enabling students to see how a film may
(ix) An American plane came and
8
play with narrative by making changes, and condensing
used fire throwers.
or expanding text.
4 (Worksheet, exercise 4) Play the clip once. Students write S or D
Inferring
next to each sentence from the book according to whether it is
the same in the film or different. Note that the realization of
This level of comprehension requires students to go
sentences in the film may be through a piece of dialogue or a
beyond the text itself and to  read between the lines .
visual detail or through a fact or event in the story: Answers are:
Comprehension of the written text needs to be very
(i) Bubba planned it all. (S)
good in order to understand implications and to use
(ii) It started to rain and didn t stop for two months. (D  4
these to imagine a visual form of the text.
months in the film)
Select phrases or sentences in the book which are
(iii) We were crossing a rice field when suddenly they started
shooting at us. (D  in the film they are in a forest)
portrayed more or less exactly in the film. Reproduce
(iv) There was blood all over him and he had two bullets in his
the phrases or sentences on a sheet of paper for the
stomach. (S  as far as we can tell)
students. Ask the students to imagine how these
(v) He looked up at me and said,  Forrest, why did this happen?
sentences will be portrayed in the film. Then look at
(S)
the film to see how the sentences are realized.
(vi) Somebody shot me in the back of the leg. (D  in the film
Examples of suitable aspects are: facts, places,
Gump was shot in the buttocks. NB his pronunciation of this
word is a little strange!)
physical characteristics, actions, events,
relationships, moods or emotions etc. 5 Students read pages 14-16 of their books again. They can discuss
question 5 on their worksheet in pairs first and then have a class
An example of how to do this is shown in Student's
discussion. Alternatively, for homework, students could identify,
Worksheet 6: From book to film, which is based on
or mark on a photocopy, the places in the text which have been
the book Forrest Gump by Winston Groom (Penguin
left out of the film.
Readers, Level 3, pages 14-16), and the film  Forrest
Choose one or two pages from the book. Play the
Gump starring Tom Hanks (made in 1994 by
Paramount Pictures (12)). First find the clip which corresponding part of the film. Ask some students to
begins  One day it started to rain and didn t quit for identify the parts of the text which are portrayed
four months and ends with  Bubba was going to be exactly in the clip. Ask other students to concentrate
a shrimping boat captain but instead he died right by on the parts of the text which are shown but have
that river in Vietnam . The clip lasts approximately 10 some differences in the film. In pairs, students
minutes. compare their findings.
9
Choose a part of the book in which something, for If the film has subtitles, from a clip select some
example, an aspect of character or a relationship, is subtitles which match pieces of dialogue in the book.
not directly stated. Devise prompts or questions Play the clip without sound and pause it when your
which ask students to say what they think is implied. selected subtitle appears. Can students find the
Show the corresponding part of the film. Does it matching piece of dialogue in the book? Repeat the
confirm what they thought? An example of how this scene so that the film dialogue can be heard: are the
might work is with the character of Emily in The words in the film the same or different from the
Mosquito Coast (Penguin Readers, Level 4). There is book?
a scene in the book in which she talks to the boy
Make a list of key episodes from a chapter or a short
Charlie while on a boat. The book does not say much
section  one to three pages - in the book. Or ask
about her character, but it is possible to infer
students to do this. Then students watch the
something about her motives for talking to Charlie.
corresponding part of the film and number the
Students can be asked to imagine what type of girl
episodes in the order in which they occur in the film.
she is, even her style of dress, and then after seeing
Ask them to suggest possible reasons for any
the clip, to say whether she was as they imagined.
differences. As we have seen already, Student's
Worksheet 6, sections 2 and 3 show one way to do
Same or different?
this. In addition, Student's Worksheet 8: Timelines:
Choose a section of the book which is easily
same or different? provides an example of this
matched with a film clip. Pick out some sentences
activity. Follow this procedure:
which contain factual information. Ask students to
watch the video clip of this section and to say
For teacher's instructions, see the following notes. For photocopiable
whether each sentence is the same or different in the
Student's Worksheet, see the end section of the book.
film. An example of how this can be done is shown
1 Select a suitable section from the book (one to three pages). For
in Student's Worksheet 6, section 4 as above.
homework, students identify the most important events and write
them in the boxes on the 'book timeline'.
Alternatively select some sentences of dialogue
2 In class, students can compare their answers. You may need to
which occur more or less the same in the film and
provide a 'correct' version for them.
ask students to listen and say whether the sentences
3 Then play the corresponding part of the film. You could play it on
are exactly the same or different in the film. This slow fast forward first and then ask students what events they
saw.
exercise will give practice in detailed listening to
4 Play the clip at least once through on normal viewing.
authentic speech. However, because the students
5 Repeat the clip one or more times, pausing as necessary, so that
have already read the words in the book they will
students can complete a timeline for the film.
find it relatively easy to identify the spoken words 6 Again, provide a 'correct' version for the students. Or, if you have
access to an overhead projector, make a copy of the film timeline
and also to guess the meanings of different words
on a transparency, and complete the film timeline yourself in class
used in the film. An example of this activity is on
from suggestions elicited from the students.
Student's Worksheet 7: Conversation: same or
7 When both timelines are complete, students should draw lines
different? Follow this procedure: from the boxes on the book timeline to matching boxes on the
film timeline so that it can easily be seen how the book and film
For teacher's instructions, see the following notes. For photocopiable
differ.
Student's Worksheet, see the end section of the book.
8 Finally, discuss the remaining questions on the worksheet with
1 Select five sentences spoken by characters in your book which
the class.
are more or less the same in the film. Dictate them to students;
9 For homework, students can write a short summary of the scene
students write them on their worksheet.
in the book or the scene in the film, using the timelines to help
2 Put the students in pairs to discuss who is the speaker of each
them.
sentence and where, when and/or why the sentence was spoken.
Students write their answers on their worksheet. Check the
Further suggestions for homework
answers with the whole class.
3 Now play the film clip and ask students to listen carefully for their
This section contains suggestions for homework in
sentences. When they hear the sentences, students should tick
addition to those under the teacher's notes for the
the  same box if the words are identical, or the  different box if
worksheets.
there are some different words in the sentence. Or you could ask
the students to tell you to stop when they think they hear the
Choose a page from the book. Ask students to try to
sentences.
visualize the contents and to draw a picture or series
4 Play the clip once more so that students can write down exactly
of pictures to show what happens. Then in class,
what was said if the spoken words are different. E.g. In book  How
could you be so cruel to Miss Bates? In film:  How could you be
they watch the corresponding part of the film.
so unfeeling to Miss Bates?
Students then discuss differences between their
pictures and the film.
You could also ask each student to select from the
Choose a part of the book with some reported
text a sentence spoken by a character. Then watch
speech. Ask students to convert it to dialogue.
the clip. Whenever students hear their quotation, or
Students can compare their versions with the film
something like it, they should ask you to pause the
either through looking at the tapescript and/or
film. Ask students: is the quotation exactly the same
watching the corresponding clip.
in the film? If not, how is it different? Are all the
quotations chosen by the students included in the Make a tapescript of a short scene (or use an
film?
10
original screenplay if you can find one). Discuss with Endings
students how formal or informal the scene is. Ask
Discuss the ending in the book with students. Is it
them to find examples in the tapescript of language
satisfactory? Can they imagine a different ending?
that is either very formal or very informal.
Show the ending in the film. Is it the same as the
Choose an episode from the chapter students are
book? If different, is one better than the other?
reading, show the corresponding clip, and then ask
Using the whole film
students to write a short screenplay or story from a
You may decide that, having seen a few extracts, the
different character s point of view.
students should see the whole film in one sitting. This
will enable you to do various other activities involving
(III) AFTER READING THE BOOK
discussion and opinion. For example:
The activities in this section can be used when
Students choose their favourite part of the film. Does
students have read a large part or all of the book and
this part also happen in the book? If so, show the
are quite familiar with the story.
film clip and locate the part in the book. Compare
any differences between the book and the film. An
These activities are intended to extend students
example of this activity is shown on Student's
experience of the book beyond comprehension of the
Worksheet 10: Favourite scenes. Follow this
text by encouraging individual responses and a critical
procedure:
approach to the story. The activities also provide the
opportunity for natural integration of the four language
For teacher's instructions, see the following notes. For the
skills (reading, writing, speaking, listening).
photocopiable Student's Worksheet, see the end section of the book.
Using clips
1 Arrange the students in groups of three or four. Each person in
Use video clips as reminders or as prompts for
the group should think of one or two scenes that they liked from
the film and tell the rest of the group. On their worksheet, the
students own responses.
students should list all the scenes mentioned.
Analysis of character
2 Having done this, the group should then try to agree on the most
popular scene, and to number the remaining scenes in order of
Show short clips or stills of the main characters. Ask
the group s preference. They may need to decide this by voting.
students to discuss what was the most important
3 One person from each group should then tell the class which was
thing each did in the story. Which characters do the
their group s favourite scene. Write each one of these on the
board, and then try to determine the whole class s favourite
students like and which don t they like? What are the
scenes by a having a vote.
characters strengths and weaknesses? Would the
4 Before the next class, choose a clip of one of the class s favourite
students have behaved in the same way in the same
scenes which also happens in the book.
situation? An example of this activity is shown on
5 In the class, play the clip to the students and tell them to make
notes on the setting (where the scene takes place), characters
Student's Worksheet 9: Remembering the
(who is in the scene), and what happens. They could also write
characters. Follow this procedure:
down short pieces of key dialogue if they are able to.
6 Then tell the students to find the scene in the book, and to make
For teacher's instructions, see the following notes. For photocopiable
notes on the setting, the characters and what happens. They
Student's Worksheet, see the end section of the book.
could also look to see whether pieces of dialogue they have
written occur in the book.
1 Select some scenes from the early parts of the film and show
7 In pairs, they compare their answers and discuss which they
these to the students.
preferred, the book or film version.
2 Tell the students to work in small groups and to choose one or
8 If you wish, for homework students could use their notes to write
two of the characters they have just seen. They should discuss
a short comparison of the scene in the book and as it is shown in
the questions on the worksheet and try to agree on a group
the film.
answer. When they have decided on their answers they should
write them on the worksheet, in note form.
3 Each group should elect one person to present the group s
Students can compare the book and the film: what s
answers to the rest of the class.
missing/added/different/the same? Which did they
4 Alternatively, for homework students can use their notes to write a
prefer? An example of this activity is shown on
short essay on the two characters.
Student's Worksheet 11: Book compared to film.
Follow this procedure:
Retelling the story
As prompts, use stills from the beginning, middle
For teacher's instructions, see the following notes. For photocopiable
and end of the film. Ask students to retell the story
Student's Worksheet, see the end section of the book.
in written or spoken form.
1 Tell students to work in pairs or in small groups and together to
Play a short sequence on slow fast forward, or slow
try to complete the worksheet in note form.
rewind. Which scene is it? Can students remember 2 They should also discuss whether they preferred the book or film
version and why.
when it happened in the story? Ask students to retell
3 Finally, they can present to the rest of the class the main
the scene in written or spoken form.
differences and similarities they have noted, and also give their
Play a short sequence without sound, pausing to ask
opinions on the book and film versions.
4 Alternatively, for homework they can write an essay giving their
students if they can remember any of the dialogue.
opinion on which is better: the film or the book.
11
 to provide examples of the type of review you would like students
Ask students to criticize aspects of the film. For
to imitate.
example, does it show violent scenes? Do students
3 Explain any concepts on the worksheet which are new to the
think these are necessary? How does the book deal
students. They can then complete the worksheet at home or in
with violence? class.
4 When the worksheet has been completed, students can discuss
Ask students to discuss moral aspects of the story.
their answers with someone else. This will help them to clarify
For example, in  Mrs Doubtfire the children are
their ideas.
unhappy because of their parents divorce. Should
5 Finally, in class or for homework, they write the review.
couples be able to divorce when they have children?
From whose point of view is the story told in the
Surveys
book? Does the film use the same point of view?
After reading the book and/or seeing the film, a number
Discuss similarities and differences.
of different types of survey are possible. Surveys
Projects
involve several different skills and are valuable teaching
Using short sections or clips
and learning exercises.
Photocopy one or two pages from the book. Ask
Possible topics for a survey are: opinions of the film;
students to imagine they are going to make a film of
opinions of the book; which was preferred, the book or
this part. Ask students to mark the text (cutting out
the film; the most popular actor; favourite scenes.
or highlighting different parts) to show the different
Surveys can be conducted among different groups of
scenes, characters and dialogue they would include.
people, for example: the class, year group, school,
They should number the scenes and discuss whether
teachers, parents, siblings, other family members etc.
each one should be filmed in a studio or on location.
The survey questionnaire should be written first, in
They could even make a storyboard. When they have
English or the mother tongue depending on the
finished, they can watch the corresponding film clip:
intended respondents.
how similar is it to their ideas?
The findings should be written up and/or presented in
Students can make their own tapescript of a short
statistical or graphic form. Or the students could make
scene in the film. Ask them to mark the places where
short oral presentations in class. Are there any clear
there is a cut and add details of the actors actions.
patterns in the findings? For example, do boys have the
Choose a short scene from the film to work on.
same or different opinions from girls? Do opinions vary
Students work in small groups. Watching the clip
according to age?
without sound, each group devises their own
dialogue. They will probably need to write this down,
and have several rehearsals. When they are ready,
Bibliography
they add their own soundtrack to the clip in a live
Lavery, M Active Viewing Plus (Modern English
performance to the class.
Publications, 1986)
Using the whole story
Cooper, R, Lavery, M & Rinvolucri, M Video (Oxford
Students make a poster for the film showing the part
University Press, 1991)
of the story they liked best.
Stempleski, S &Tomalin, B Video in Action  recipes
Students write a different ending for the story. This
for using video in language teaching (Prentice Hall
could be as a straightforward narrative, or in International, 1990)
dialogue form (ie words only), play form (with stage Lonergan, J Video in Language Teaching (Cambridge
instructions) or screenplay form (with camera University Press, 1984)
instructions).
Students write a TV guide or magazine review of the
film, including its good and bad features,
interpretation of the book, opinions of the actors,
and a star and age rating. Or the review could be
presented orally. An example plan of how to write a
review is shown on Student's Worksheet 12: A film
review. A suggested procedure is:
For teacher's instructions, see the following notes. For photocopiable
Student's Worksheet, see the end section of the book.
1 Tell the students they are going to write a film review  in English,
of course!
2 Discuss with the students who the readers might be. Could the
review be published in a school magazine or on the Internet? How
long will it be? For example, those in TV guides or local
newspapers are quite short and are intended to help people decide
whether to watch a film. National newspapers or magazines are
longer and usually make an artistic assessment. It may be helpful
12
Student s Worksheet 1
Establishing the characters
Watch the video clip and complete as much of the following as you can.
Character 2
sex:
age:
appearance:
Character 1 Character 3
sex: sex:
age: age:
job: appearance:
appearance:
Role:
Name:
Role: Role:
Name: Name:
Role: Role:
Name: Name:
Character 5 Character 4
sex: sex:
age: age:
job: appearance:
appearance:
Who do you think will be the most important character in the story? Why?
Penguin Readers Teacher s Guide to Using Film and TV
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Student s Worksheet 2
Previewing a part of the book
Example: Book: Emma  by Jane Austen (Penguin Readers, Level 4, Pages 40-43)
Film:  Emma starring Gwyneth Paltrow (PG)
Made in 1996 by Miramax International
1 Your teacher will play a video clip without sound. Answer these questions:
Where are the characters?
What are they doing?
Can you see these characters?
Frank Churchill Jane Fairfax Mrs Elton Mr Elton
What are they eating?
Say when you can see these people:
Harriet Emma Miss Bates Mr Knightley
2 Now look at the picture on page 41 of your book.
Who do you think has just spoken?
3 Watch the video clip again as far as the picture in the book  with sound this time. Was your answer to the
question in 2 above correct?
Complete this sentence with the words used in the film:
 Shall we ................................. a .................................?
Who says these words?
4 Now watch the rest of the video clip without sound. As you watch, make notes on these questions:
(i) What do Mr and Mrs Elton do?
(ii) What does Emma do?
(iii) What does Miss Bates do?
(iv) What do Miss Bates and Mr Knightley do together?
(v) Why do you think Emma is crying?
Discuss your answers in pairs or groups. Then read pages 40-43 in your book.
Penguin Readers Teacher s Guide to Using Film and TV
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Student s Worksheet 3
Getting the picture
Work in pairs.
Student A: Look at the screen. Your partner will ask you questions about what you can see. Don t speak
unless you are asked a question.
Student B: Turn away from the screen so that you cannot see it. Have a pencil ready to make notes. You
should ask your partner questions so that you can try to find out what sort of place he/she is looking at.
Here are some examples of questions you can ask:
1 Can you see any buildings? If yes:
How many are there?
What are they/is it used for?
Are they/is it big or small?
What colour are they/is it? .
2 Can you see any people? If yes:
How many are there?
What are they doing?
Are they male or female?
Are they old or young?
3 If you could hear any sounds, what would you hear?
4 What could you smell if you were there?
5 Can you see any objects? If yes:
What are they?
6 Can you see any animals? If yes:
What kinds of animal are there?
What are they doing?
7 Can you see any plants or landscapes? If yes:
What sort of plants?
What sort of landscape?
8 What about time?
What time of year is it?
What time of day is it?
What historical period is it?
At the end of the questioning session, Student B: say what place you think your partner was looking at.
Now both of you watch the clip or look at the picture. Talk about what you can see. Check that you both
know all the words you need. Use your dictionaries.
Penguin Readers Teacher s Guide to Using Film and TV
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Student s Worksheet 4
The starting point
Example: Book: Madame Doubtfire (Penguin Readers, Level 3)
Film:  Mrs Doubtfire starring Robin Williams & Sally Field
Made in 1997 by 20th Century Fox
1 Look at these questions first. Your teacher will play a clip without sound. Answer the questions.
a) Who can you see in the film?
b) Where are they?
c) What do you think happened before this?
d) What are they doing?
e) What do you think they are saying to each other?
f) Can you suggest the exact words?
g) What do you think the characters feelings are?
h) Who is watching them?
2 Now look at these questions and watch the film again, this time with sound. Answer the questions:
a) Were any of your suggestions for question f) right?
b) Listen carefully to the way in which the characters speak to each other. How do their feelings seem to
change through the scene?
c) Can you think of some words to describe the expressions on the characters faces?
d) What are their opinions of each other?
e) What are the children thinking? How do they feel?
3 Listen one more time to the film clip and fill in the missing words from this tapescript. One word is missing
from each space:
Miranda: Why am I the only one who feels there have to be ................. ? Why do you always make me
out to be the heavy?
Daniel: I don t make you out to be anything. You do it yourself quite naturally, Miranda.
Miranda: You set me up, Daniel, every time.
Daniel: I don t set you up. Oh lighten up, will you? Just realize you re spending too much time with those
corporate clones you used to despise.
Miranda: I ................. too much time with you, Daniel. It s ................. . It s ................. .
Daniel: Come on, Miranda. Listen. We ve got ................. , but who doesn t? We can work them out. What
are you talking about, it s over?
Miranda: We ve been trying to work them out for ................. years.
Daniel: Come on, please. Listen. Maybe we need some ................. , OK? Maybe we can go to a family
therapist. They ll help us through this together.
Miranda: It s too ................. for that.
Daniel: Well, let s take a vacation together with the kids, as a family. Get you away from work, you re a
different person, you really are. You re great.
Miranda: Oh Daniel. Our problems would be ................. for us right here when we got back.
Daniel: Well, we ll move. We ll hope our problems won t follow us.
Miranda: Daniel, please don t ................. .
Daniel: OK.
Miranda: We ve just grown apart. We re ................. . We have nothing in common.
Daniel: Oh sure we do. We ................. each other. Come on, Miranda. We love each other. ................. we?
Miranda: I want a ................. .
4 What do you think will happen in the story?
Penguin Readers Teacher s Guide to Using Film and TV
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Student s Worksheet 5
Thinking about character
Your teacher will show you a short part of the film accompanying your book.
While you watch, make a list of all the characters you see in the film clip, using the table below:
character 1 character 2 character 3 character 4 character 5 character 6
name
role in
the story
In pairs or small groups, choose two of the characters from your table and think of words which
describe the characters qualities, using a dictionary to help you if necessary.
What happened in the clip to show you what qualities the characters have? Think of events which
support your choices of words.
Complete the diagram below. In each quarter of the circle write a quality. In each diamond write
what happened to show why the character has the quality.
name: name:
Penguin Readers Teacher s Guide to Using Film and TV
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Student s Worksheet 6
From book to film
Example: Book: Forrest Gump by Winston Groom (Penguin Readers, Level 3)
Film:  Forrest Gump starring Tom Hanks
Made in 1994 by Paramount Pictures
1 Read your book from the words  The weeks went past slowly on page 14 to the end of page 16.
2 Now look at these sentences from the section you have just read. In pairs, discuss these questions:
(a) Where do you think these things happened?
(b) If you were going to make a film of this scene, where would you shoot these events?
order of events in film
(i) I also wrote a letter to Jenny Curran.
(ii) Bubba and I decided that we would get a shrimp boat when we got home.
(iii) It started to rain and didn t stop&
(iv) But we still had to look for enemy soldiers and one day we found them.
(v) I looked round for Bubba but he wasn t there.
(vi) & I saw another man who was hurt& so I picked him up &
(vii) Then I ran& and found Bubba.
(viii)He said something very softly& and then he died.
(ix) An American plane came and used fire throwers.
3 Watch the film clip. Tell your teacher to stop the film when you think each sentence above is being
portrayed. Is it as you imagined or is it different? Number the events in the order in which they happen
in the film.
4 Same or different?
Are these sentences from the book the same or different in the film? Write S or D next to each one:
(i) Bubba planned it all.
(ii) It started to rain and didn t stop for two months.
(iii) We were crossing a rice field when suddenly they started shooting at us.
(iv) There was blood all over him and he had two bullets in his stomach.
(v) He looked up at me and said,  Forrest, why did this happen?
(vi) Somebody shot me in the back of the leg.
5 Read pages 14 -16 of your book carefully again. Which parts have been omitted from the film? If you
made the film, would you also leave these parts out?
Penguin Readers Teacher s Guide to Using Film and TV
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Student s Worksheet 7
Conversation: same or different?
1 Your teacher will dictate five sentences spoken by characters in your book. Write each sentence on the
dotted lines below.
2 Can you remember who says the words, where, when and why? For each sentence, complete sections
a) and b) in the table below.
3 Watch the film clip.
Are the words the same in the film as in the book? Tick the same or different boxes in section
c) of the table.
If the words are different, what exactly do the characters say in the film? Write down the exact words.
1.  .....................................................................................................................................
a) Speaker s name: b) Where, when and why he/she spoke:
c) Words in the film: same different
Exact words:
2.  ......................................................................................................................................
a) Speaker s name: b) Where, when and why he/she spoke:
c) Words in the film: same different
Exact words:
3.  ......................................................................................................................................
a) Speaker s name: b) Where, when and why he/she spoke:
c) Words in the film: same different
Exact words:
4.  ......................................................................................................................................
a) Speaker s name: b) Where, when and why he/she spoke:
c) Words in the film: same different
Exact words:
5.  ......................................................................................................................................
a) Speaker s name: b) Where, when and why he/she spoke:
c) Words in the film: same different
Exact words:
Penguin Readers Teacher s Guide to Using Film and TV
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Student s Worksheet 8
Timelines: same or different?
Look at a short section of your book (one to three pages). Write the most important things that happen
(events) on the  book timeline below. Then watch the corresponding part of the film and complete the  film
timeline :
BOOK TIMELINE FILM TIMELINE
Event 1 Event 1
Event 2 Event 2
Event 3 Event 3
Event 4 Event 4
Event 5 Event 5
Event 6 Event 6
Event 7 Event 7
Event 8 Event 8
Event 9 Event 9
Event 10 Event 10
(add more boxes if you need them)
When you have finished, draw lines which match events on the book timeline with the same events on the
film timeline so that you can see what is the same and what is different.
Discuss the screenwriter s reasons for:
a) differences in the order of events
b) differences in the events themselves.
Which do you prefer  the book version or the film version?
Penguin Readers Teacher s Guide to Using Film and TV
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Student s Worksheet 9
Remembering the characters
Your teacher will show you some scenes from early parts of the film accompanying your book. Then
choose two of the characters you have just seen and answer these questions.
Character 1
Name:
What was the most important thing this person did in the story?
Did you like or dislike this character? Why?
What are this character s good points and bad points?
Would you have behaved in the same way in the situation you have just seen?
Character 2
Name:
What was the most important thing this person did in the story?
Did you like or dislike this character? Why?
What are this character s good points and bad points?
Would you have behaved in the same way in the situation you have just seen?
Penguin Readers Teacher s Guide to Using Film and TV
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Student s Worksheet 10
Favourite scenes
Part A
1 Work in a small group. Make a list of all the scenes in the film that people in your group liked. Each
person should suggest one or two of their favourite scenes.
2 Number these scenes in order of most to least preferred by the whole group.
3 Report back to the whole class.
Part B
Your teacher will show you one of the class s favourite scenes from the film.
Watch this scene and then write notes on the topics below.
Find the scene in the book, and complete the notes for the book version.
Setting
film
book
Characters
film
book
What happens
film
book
In pairs, compare your answers and say whether you liked the film version or the book version best.
Penguin Readers Teacher s Guide to Using Film and TV
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Student s Worksheet 11
Book compared to film
Make notes in the table below:
Book Film
Setting
(where does the
story take place?)
Main characters
(names; their
attitudes to each
other; their
character traits)
Problem
(what is the main
problem that the
story deals with?)
Events
(the main things
that happen; how
the characters try
to resolve the
problem(s))
Climax
(what happens to
bring about the
ending?)
Ending
Did you prefer the book or the film?
Penguin Readers Teacher s Guide to Using Film and TV
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Student s Worksheet 12
A film review
You are going to write a film review. Answer these questions to help you plan your review:
1 Name of film...............................................................................................................................................
2 Film stars ....................................................................................................................................................
3 Film director and producer (if known).......................................................................................................
4 Name of book .............................................................................................................................................
5 Author of book ...........................................................................................................................................
6 What is this film about? Describe the story in three or four sentences.
7 What did you especially like or dislike about the film?
8 Is the film a good version of the book? Is it similar or very different?
9 What are your opinions of the actors?
10 Would you recommend the film? If so, what sort of people will like it?
11 Can you give the film an age rating?
12 And a star rating1?
Find someone else and compare your answers. When you are ready, write your review.
1
(***** = excellent, **** = very good, *** = good, ** = average, * = poor)
Penguin Readers Teacher s Guide to Using Film and TV
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Penguin Longman Publishing
Pearson Education
80 Strand
London WC2R 0RL UK
© Pearson Education Limited 1999
Designed by Mackerel
All rights reserved: no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or translated in any form or by any means,
electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publishers, with the sole exception of
those pages marked  photocopiable , which may be photocopied by teachers for classes they teach.
Published by Pearson Education Ltd. in association with Penguin Books Ltd.,
both companies being subsidiaries of Pearson plc.
ISBN 0 582 40008 2
Free Teacher s Resource Materials
The following additional free teacher s resource materials are available for use with Penguin Readers:
Penguin Readers Factsheets
Penguin Readers Factsheets have been developed for teachers using Penguin Readers with their class. Each factsheet
is based on one Reader, and consists of:
" a summary of the book
" interesting information about the novel and novelist, including a section on the background and themes of the novel
" a glossary of new words
" a selection of lively supplementary activities for use with the Reader in class
Penguin Readers Factsheets are available to download free from our website www.penguinreaders.com
Penguin Readers Teacher s Guides
Penguin Readers Teacher s Guide to Using Graded Readers
ISBN 0 582 40006 6
Penguin Readers Teacher s Guide to Preparing for FCE
ISBN 0 582 40010 4
Penguin Readers Teacher s Guide to Developing Listening Skills
ISBN 0 582 34423 9
Penguin Readers Teacher s Guide to Using Bestsellers
ISBN 0 582 46900 7
Penguin Readers Teacher s Guide: Placement Tests
ISBN 0 582 47380 2
NB: Penguin Readers Factsheets and Penguin Readers Teacher s Guides contain photocopiable material.
www.penguindossiers.com
An innovative website offering new topical teaching articles every month - free of charge. Language is graded at Penguin
Readers Level 3 and full teacher s notes are provided.
For a full list of Readers published in the Penguin Readers series, and for copies of the Penguin Longman catalogue, please
contact your local Pearson Education office, or:
Elinor Garraway
Penguin Longman Publishing
Pearson Education
80 Strand
London WC2R 0RL UK
Tel: 0207 010 2810 Fax: 0207 010 6681
E-mail: elinor.garraway@pearsoned-ema.com
Visit our website at
www.penguinreaders.com
P engui n Reader s
T eacher  s Gui de
t o Us i ng F i l m and T V
This guide offers English language teachers practical advice on how to use videos of
feature films and TV series with Graded Readers. It contains a variety of suggestions
for activities for use in the classroom, and includes 12 photocopiable student s
worksheets. Some of the worksheets are linked to popular Penguin Readers, while
others are general and can be used with any Graded Reader. All the worksheets can
be easily adapted for use with a particular Graded Reader.
The guide describes:
the role of Graded Readers in the learning of English and the main ways in which
"
they can be used
the advantages of using videos of feature films and TV series with graded
"
Readers
how the use of videos fits in with reading classes and the development of
"
students ability to read in English
how to choose video material for use with Graded Readers
"
a wide variety of activities and suggestions for using video clips with a class
"
Reader:
- before reading the book or sections of the book
- after reading short sections of the book
- after reading the book
The student s worksheets include the following activities:
Establishing the characters
"
Previewing a part of the book
"
Getting the picture
"
The starting point
"
Thinking about character
"
From book to film
"
Conversation: same or different?
"
Timelines: same or different?
"
Remembering the characters
"
Favourite scenes
"
Book compared to film
"
A film review
"
Published and distributed by Pearson Education


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