CHAPTER 4
COMMUNICATIONS
A glance at a globe is all it takes to appreciate the meaning of control of
the sea in the nuclear age.
Admiral Arleigh Burke
Table 4-1. Phonetic Alphabet
Communications are of vital importance to a
LETTER EQUIVALENT SPOKEN
shipboard organization and are sometimes referred to as
the voice of command. Without proper communication
A ALFA AL fah
among the different parts of the ship, the whole
B BRAVO BRAH voh
organization could break down and fail in its mission.
C CHARLIE CHAR lee
Communications, as discussed in this chapter, are
grouped into two basic categories interior and
D DELTA DELL ta
exterior. Interior communications are concerned only
E ECHO ECK oh
with the exchange of information between individuals,
divisions, and departments aboard a single ship or
F FOXTROT FOKS trot
station. Exterior communications deal with conveying
G GOLF GOLF
information between two or more ships, stations, or
H HOTEL hoh TELL
commands.
I INDIA In dee ah
One of the most important communications
systems used aboard ship is the sound-powered
J JULIETT JEW lee ett
telephone. Sometime in your Navy career, you will
K KILO KEY loh
man a sound-powered telephone set. You must
become familiar with the proper usage and care of the
L LIMA LEE mah
equipment. In addition, you must learn the correct
M MIKE Mike
procedures used with the sound-powered telephone
system, including the use of the phonetic alphabet. N NOVEMBER no VEM ber
O OSCAR OSS cah
THE PHONETIC ALPHABET
P PAPA pah PAH
Learning Objective: When you finish this chapter, you
Q QUEBEC kay BECk
will be able to
R ROMEO ROW me oh
" Identify the phonetic alphabet as applied to
S SIRERRA see AIR rah
communications.
T TANGO TANG go
It is easy to confuse the sounds of certain letters,
U UNIFORM YOU nee form
such as bee and dee, cee and zee. To avoid confusion, the
Navy requires that phonetic equivalents of letters be
V VICTOR VIK tah
spoken instead of the letters themselves.
W WHISKEY WISS key
The Navy has had a phonetic alphabet for many
X XRAY ECKS ray
years. From time to time, it s been changed in attempts
to use words that would instantly bring to mind the letter Y YANKEE YANG key
represented by the word. The phonetic alphabet (table
Z ZULU ZOO loo
4-1) was adopted by the armed forces of the various
NATO nations as a means of overcoming many
4-1
language difficulties. Each word is accented on the be fed into the system through an earpiece turned away
from your head.
capitalized syllable. You should memorize the phonetic
alphabet and use it along with correctly pronounced
THE HEADSET
numbers, as described earlier in chapter 3, for all
telephone and lookout reports.
Figure 4-1 shows a headset type of sound-powered
telephone. The mouthpiece is suspended from a yoke
REVIEW 1 QUESTION
that is attached to a metal breastplate. The earpieces are
connected by an adjustable band. The mouthpiece and
Q1. You are manning the sound-powered telephone
earpiece are connected by wire from a junction box on
in a repair locker. DC central calls and wants the
the breastplate. The plug cord is also connected into this
serial number of the P-100 pump (23DBCX14)
junction.
in your repair locker. How should you say this
The headset is delicate and can be easily damaged.
number over the phone?
When you pick up the set to put it on, hold the entire unit
in your left hand. You will find the headset is hung over
the transmitter s supporting yoke and the lead wires are
coiled.
SOUND-POWERED TELEPHONES
To put the gear on
Learning Objectives: When you finish this chapter,
1. Unhook the right side of the neck strap from the
you will be able to
breastplate, put the strap around your neck, and
" Recognize the components of the
then fasten it to the breastplate again.
sound-powered telephone.
" Identify the procedures to follow when using
sound-powered telephones.
Sound-powered phones are just what the name
implies phones that operate on your voice power and
require no batteries or external electrical power source.
When you speak into the mouthpiece, the sound
waves of your voice cause a diaphragm to vibrate. The
vibrations are transferred from the diaphragm through a
drive rod to an armature centered in a wire coil. The coil
is located in a magnetic field supplied by two permanent
magnets. Movement of the armature in the magnetic
field causes a current to be induced into the coil. The
current then is transmitted to a receiver (the earpiece)
where the process is reversed, and the person at the other
end of the circuit hears the same sounds you
transmitted.
The mouthpiece and earpiece, though shaped
differently, function in the same manner and thus can be
used interchangeably. You can talk into an earpiece and
hear through a mouthpiece. This feature is important to
remember not only in the event of a breakdown of one or
Figure 4-1. Headset.
the other pieces but also because undesired noises can
Student Notes:
4-2
2. Take off the coil of lead wires; then put the
earpieces on and adjust the headband so that the
center of the earpiece is directly over the
opening of the ear.
3. Insert the plug into the jack box and screw the
collar on firmly.
Adjust the mouthpiece to bring it directly in front of
your mouth when you stand erect. When you speak into
the transmitter, it should be about 1/2 to 1 inch from
your mouth. In making this adjustment, remember that
the fine wire that goes to the transmitter can be broken
easily. Be sure there aren t any sharp bends in it, and
don t allow it to get caught between the transmitter and
the yoke.
When you are wearing the headset, always keep
some slack in the lead cord and be sure it is flat on deck. Figure 4-2. Sound-powered telephone jack box.
If you have the cord stretched taut (tight), someone may
trip over it and damage the wires, receive an injury, or
see an uncovered jack box, cover it, even though you
injure you. Don t allow objects to roll over or rest on the
were not responsible for the carelessness.)
cord.
2. Remove the headset and hang it over the
After plugging in the phones, test them with
transmitter yoke, as shown in figure 4-3.
someone on the circuit. If the phones aren t in order,
3. Coil the lead cord, starting from the end at the
report that fact to the person in charge of your station
phone. Coil the lead in a clockwise direction, holding
and don a spare set; do not attempt to repair the set
the loops in one hand, as shown in figure 4-4. The loops
yourself.
should be 8 to 10 inches across, depending on the size of
If you are on lookout and should be listening as well
the space where the phones are stowed. When you are
as searching, cover only one ear with an earpiece so that
coiling the lead, be careful not to bang the plug against
you can hear outside noises as well as telephone
the bulkhead or deck.
communications. Keep the unused earpiece flat against
4. When the lead is coiled, remove the headset
the side of your head so that noises will not enter the
from the transmitter yoke and put the headband in the
circuit.
same hand with the coil. Use this same hand to hold the
Never secure the phones until you have
permission to do so. When permission is given, make
up the phones for stowage according to the following
instructions:
1. Remove the plug from the jack box (fig. 4-2)
by holding the plug in one hand and unscrewing the
collar with the other. When the collar is loose, grasp
the plug and pull it out. Don t pull on the lead to
remove the plug; that will weaken and eventually
break the connection. When the plug is out, lay it
carefully on the deck. Immediately screw the cover on
the jack box, as dust and dirt will soon cause a short
Figure 4-3. Hanging the headset on the yoke.
circuit in a jack box left uncovered. (NOTE: If you
Student Notes:
4-3
THE HANDSET
The handset telephone shown in figure 4-6 is held in
one hand with the receiver over one ear and the
transmitter in front of the mouth. A button, located on
the bar connecting the transmitter and the receiver, is
pushed down for talking. (The button must also be
depressed [pushed down] to listen.) (NOTE: If the
button is held down at other times, all of the noise at the
talker s station will go throughout the circuit and make
Figure 4-4. Coiling the lead cord.
it difficult for other talkers on the line to understand each
other.)
transmitter while you unhook one end of the neck strap
When not in use, the handset telephone is held on a
from the breastplate. Fold the transmitter yoke flat,
bracket on a bulkhead with a lever or spring attachment
being careful not to put a sharp bend in the transmitter
that keeps it from being jarred loose. When you replace
cord.
the handset in its bracket, be sure it is secured so that it
5. Wrap the neck strap around the coil and the
cannot fall to the deck and be damaged.
headband two or three times and snap the end back on
the breastplate; then fold the mouthpiece up against the
junction box. You now have a neat, compact package for
stowage, as shown in figure 4-5.
6. Put the phone into the box or hang them on the
hook provided. Be careful not to crowd or jam the leads.
Headset phones should always be unplugged when
they are not in use. If they are left plugged in, the
earpieces will pick up noise and carry it into the circuit.
Never place the phones on the deck. Not only is it
possible that someone may step on them, but decks are
good conductors of noise, which can be picked up by the
phones.
Figure 4-6. Handset.
REVIEW 2 QUESTIONS
Q1. True or False. The mouthpiece and earpiece of a
sound-powered phone are interchangeable.
Q2. Describe the reason why you pick the headset
phones up as a whole unit.
Figure 4-5. Coiling completed.
Student Notes:
4-4
have these provisions. Because circuits in the
supplementary system usually are not manned, most
Q3. You are finished using the headset
circuits contain a buzzer system so that one station
sound-powered phone. You should then unplug
can alert another station that communications
the headset for what reason?
between the two are desired.
Circuit designations are characterized by a letter
and number code. The 21JS4 primary battle circuit, for
example, is identified as follows: numerals 21 indicate
Q4. When using a handset sound-powered phone,
the specific purpose of the circuit; the letter J denotes
what action should you take to talk or listen
sound power; the letter S means general purpose (radar,
through the phone?
sonar, and ECM information); and the numeral 4
indicates a particular station in the circuit. The same
circuit in the auxiliary system is X21JS4. All auxiliary
and supplementary circuit designations are preceded by
SOUND-POWERED CIRCUITS
the letter X, but supplementary circuits are easily
Learning Objective: When you finish this chapter, you
identified as such because they have no letter after the
will be able to
letter J.
The following are some typical shipboard
" Recognize the function of the primary, auxiliary,
sound-powered circuits:
and supplementary systems of a sound-powered
circuit.
Sound-powered telephone circuits aboard ship fall
JA Captain s battle circuit
into three categories primary, auxiliary, and
supplementary systems.
JC Weapons control
The primary system includes all circuits
JL Lookouts
necessary for controlling armament, engineering,
damage control, maneuvering, and surveillance
21JS Surface search radar
functions during battle. These circuits are designated
JA through JZ.
22JS Air search radar
The auxiliary system duplicates many of the
61JS Sonar information
primary circuits for the purpose of maintaining vital
communications in the event of damage to the
1JV Maneuvering and docking
primary system. Auxiliary circuits are separated as
2JZ Damage control
much as possible from primary circuits. Circuit
designations are the same as the primary system,
X8J Replenishment at sea
preceded by the letter X (XJA, X1JV, and so on).
The supplementary system, X1J through X61J,
consists of several short, direct circuits, such as from
If you are on a lookout watch, your reports will go
the bridge to the quarterdeck or from the quarterdeck
over the JL circuit to the bridge and the ship s CIC. On
to the wardroom. Circuits in the primary and
small ships, the JL circuit sometimes is crossed with
auxiliary systems can be tied together at various
another circuit, such as the 1JV, to reduce manning
switchboards or individual stations may be cut out of
the circuits, but the supplementary system does not requirements. The bridge talker then has the lookout,
Student Notes:
4-5
time, is better than a message spoken so rapidly that it
CIC, engineering, and after steering (emergency)
stations on the same circuit. must be repeated.
" During an emergency, remember that it is doubly
TELEPHONE TALKERS
important to get the message through. By talking
slowly, some of your own excitement will subside. If
Learning Objective: When you finish this chapter, you
you are calm and sure of yourself, you will influence
will be able to
other talkers on the circuit to behave in the same way.
" Identify the responsibilities of telephone talkers
to include telephone talking procedures. " Nearly everyone has a manner of speech that
reveals to others what part of the country they are from.
As you have learned, you ll probably stand some
On occasion, you may have found it difficult to
form of watch aboard ship as a telephone talker. A ship
at sea requires many talkers even during a peacetime understand the speech of a person from a different part
cruising watch. In addition to the lookouts, there are
of the country. With this thought in mind, try to speak
talkers on the bridge, in firerooms, and in engine rooms,
without local accents.
to mention only a few of the many spaces. To be a good
sound-powered telephone talker, you must learn proper
CIRCUIT DISCIPLINE
telephone procedures.
The sound-powered system resembles a party
Sound-powered telephone talkers are essential to
line everyone can talk and listen at once. For that
the operation of a ship at sea because the ship must have
reason, strict circuit discipline must be maintained.
a reliable interior communicating system. Imagine the
Otherwise, the circuit will become clogged with private
difficulties the captain would have without means of
conversation just when someone is trying to transmit an
communication with the engine room, with gunnery
important message.
stations during battle, or with all the other spaces that
help run the ship.
The rules for circuit discipline are as follows:
1. Transmit only official messages.
GENERAL TELEPHONE TALKING
PROCEDURES
2. Keep the button in the OFF position except
when actually transmitting.
Here are some tips on how to be a telephone talker.
3. Use only standard words and phrases.
" Because all the power for the phones is generated
Don t use slang or profanity on the phones. Use
by your voice, you must speak loudly and clearly if your
correct nautical terms. If naval terminology is new and
message is to get through. However, do not shout
unfamiliar to you, make it your business to learn the
unnecessarily. Do not run your words together; make
correct terms.
every part of your message stand out clearly. Repeat all
messages word for word to the intended receiving You, as a phone talker, are a very important link in
station; if you try to paraphrase a message, its meaning the interior communication chain; that chain is no
may be changed. stronger than its weakest link. Unauthorized talking
means there are at least two weak links in the chain. Be
" Never have gum or food in your mouth while you
efficient. If someone else on your circuit persists in
are using the phones. Talk from the front of your mouth,
useless talking, remind the person that the line must be
never from the corners. Remember, you must project
kept clear at all times.
your voice to every station on the circuit.
Circuit discipline also means you must never show
" You gain nothing by talking too rapidly; a impatience, anger, or excitement. You must talk slowly,
message spoken slowly, so that it is understood the first clearly, and precisely. Circuit discipline means
self-discipline.
Student Notes:
4-6
STANDARD TELEPHONE TALKING
Another station might think you are giving it permission
to carry out some other action. Respond to a request
PROCEDURES
with a direct order. For example, when permission is
Most messages are divided into the following parts:
requested to change phone talkers, the proper response,
if approved, would be Change phone talkers.
1. Name of the station called
If you belay an order, immediately order what
2. Name of the station calling
action is needed. For example, when the throttleman is
3. The message
given an order to Close the throttle and that order is
belayed, then you tell the throttleman what you want
You call the station for which you have a message,
him or her to do, such as Return throttle to original
identify yourself, and send the message without waiting
position or Open throttle to __________.
for the receiving station to answer.
Never receipt for a message unless you are sure you
When a message is received, it must be
understand it. If you do not understand, tell the sender,
acknowledged (receipted for) as soon as it is
Say again. If the message is long and you need only a
understood. You acknowledge a message by identifying
part of it to be repeated back, you can say, Say again all
your station and saying Aye.
after ... or Say again all before ...
NOTE When you are leaving the circuit for any reason, you
must obtain permission from the controlling station.
Aye is not used as an answer to a question;
You may be leaving the circuit to change headphones
instead, Affirmative, Negative, or other
because of a faulty set, to be relieved by someone else,
appropriate reply is given.
or to secure. In any case, when leaving the circuit,
request permission.
When a message is received, it must be repeated
back word for word. An example would be Catapult
When a circuit is in use and a station has a more
center deck, primary; raise the starboard jet blast
important message to transmit (to report a fire, for
deflector. The response would be Primary, catapult
example), the talker says, Silence on the line.
center deck; raise the starboard jet blast deflector, aye.
Whenever you hear that command, you must
The catapult center deck operator would then wait for a
immediately stop talking so that the message can be
few seconds for the primary operator to confirm that the
transmitted.
order was understood. The catapult center deck operator
would then raise the jet blast deflector.
EXAMPLES OF TELEPHONE TALKER
PROCEDURES
Communications on the sound-powered phone
system is phrased in the declarative (statement) instead
The following examples of sound-powered
of the interrogative (question). For example, the
telephone transmissions are representative of the types
questions What is the status of the jet blast deflector?
of messages sent over the phones. Study them until you
or When will the jet blast deflector be repaired?
are sure you have the procedures correct; only practice
would be rephrased to Report the status of the jet blast
can make you into a reliable talker.
deflector and Report the estimated repair time of the
jet blast deflector.
Circuit Test
Slang expressions or locally devised codes should
To find out if telephone stations are manned and
not be used. The use of abbreviations should be avoided.
ready, the talker at control says, All stations, control;
Some abbreviations may be easily misunderstood, such
phone check.
as SSTG, SSDG, and SFMG.
Each talker then acknowledges in assigned order.
When a subordinate station requests permission to
carry out an action, do not say, Permission granted. On a gun circuit it would go like this:
Student Notes:
4-7
Repeats
Each station responds in order, but does not wait
more than a few seconds for the station immediately
When a message is not clear to the listener at the
preceding to acknowledge. If you are on gun 3, and
receiving end, the receiver should say, Say again. For
gun 2 does not respond in a few seconds, you
acknowledge and let gun 2 come in at the end. A
example, damage control central wants repair two to
circuit test is not complete until every person has
send a submersible pump to repair three. The central
answered and faults in equipment have been
talker says, Repair too, central; send one submersible
checked
pump to repair tree.
Sending Repair two does not understand this message, so the
talker there says, Central, repair too; say again.
In sending a message, first call the station you want,
Central repeats the message and repair two
and then identify your own station; finally, state the
acknowledges by saying, Send one submersible
message:
pump to repair tree; repair too, aye.
Foc sle, bridge; prepare to anchor in fife minutes.
Spelling
Fantail, bridge; slack off stern line.
Difficult words are spelled by using the phonetic
Receiving
alphabet preceded by the prowords (procedural words)
I spell. Pronounce the word before and after spelling
When receiving a message, first repeat back the
message, identify yourself, and then acknowledge the it. For example:
message.
Foc sle-I spell FOXTROT OSCAR ROMEO
Prepare to anchor in fife minutes; foc sle, aye. ECHO CHARLIE ALFA SIERRA TANGO LIMA
ECHO, Foc sle.
Slack off stern line; fantail, aye.
Temporarily Leaving the Circuit
Both Sending and Receiving
When a phone talker is relieved by another talker,
The following are examples of sending and
the phone talker must request permission to change
receiving a message:
phone talkers. If a talker is exchanging a faulty set of
Fantail, bridge; report the status of slacking off the
phones for a good set, the phone talker must request
stern line.
permission to change phones.
Report status of slacking off the stern line; fantail,
Bridge, after steering; request permission to
aye; stern line is slack
change phone talkers.
Bridge, combat; request permission to change
Main engine control, bridge; report which boilers
phones.
are on the line.
Once the talker has been given permission to go off
Report which boilers are on the line; main engine
the circuit and the talker rejoins the circuit, the report
control, aye; wait.
given is,
Bridge, combat; back on the line.
Bridge, main engine control; boilers too, tree, and
Securing
fo-wer on the line.
Before securing the phones, you must always get
Boilers too, tree, and fo-wer on the line; bridge,
aye. permission.
Student Notes:
4-8
Fantail asks, Bridge, fantail; request permission to b.
secure.
c.
Bridge says, Request permission to secure; bridge,
aye; wait.
d.
The bridge talker gets permission from the OOD for
Q5. A sound-powered-phone circuit has to be cleared
the person on the fantail to secure, then says,
to transmit an important message. What should
Fantail, bridge; secure.
the sender say over the circuit?
Fantail replies, Fantail, aye; going off the line.
REVIEW 3 QUESTIONS
Q6. When you receive a message, what is the proper
Q1. List the three categories of sound-powered
response?
phone circuits.
a.
DIAL TELEPHONES
b.
Learning Objectives: When you finish this chapter,
you will be able to
c.
" Recognize the purpose of dial telephones.
Q2. An XJZ circuit is what type of circuit?
" Identify the procedures to follow when using dial
telephones.
At home, ashore, and at sea, the telephone is a part
of everyone s life. It is an important and essential
Q3. List four tips that you should use to be a good
instrument in every Navy office, and you must know
phone talker.
how to use it properly. By observing proper techniques,
you will give and receive information correctly and
a.
quickly. Remember, the success of a telephone
conversation depends almost entirely upon your ability
b.
to express yourself in words; whereas, when speaking to
a person directly, your facial expressions, gestures, and
the like, help get your point across.
c.
TYPES OF DIAL TELEPHONES
d.
Different types of dial telephones currently in use
are shown in figure 4-7. The desk set is used in
Q4. Sound-powered phone circuits are like a party
staterooms, cabins, offices, and similar areas. A
bulkhead-mounted telephone can be used in any station
line; therefore, some phone talker disciplines
except those on weather decks. It is a nonwatertight unit
must be followed. List four types of good
that should not be exposed to the weather. A
discipline.
bulkhead-mounted telephone, is a splashproof unit that
a. may be installed on weather decks and other areas
Student Notes:
4-9
Figure 4-7. Telephones.
exposed to moisture. All the phones in figure 4-7 are person calling. Identify yourself when answering the
type G telephones, general use.
telephone; usually the person making the call will tell
you who is calling. This procedure puts the conversation
USE OF THE DIAL TELEPHONES
on a business-like basis and eliminates that hazy feeling
one has when unsure of the identity of the person on the
Good telephone technique starts with answering
other end.
your telephone as promptly as possible. Don t let it ring
Don t go on talking to someone in the office as you
several times while you finish what you are doing. After
lifting the receiver, you should speak immediately to the answer the telephone. You never know who your caller
Student Notes:
4-10
may be, and information inadvertently given out in this to take a message, if appropriate. You should make sure
way could be harmful to national security. In addition, it
that the person to whom you are speaking understands
is discourteous to make the caller wait while you finish
the message, knows how to spell your name or the name
your office conversation.
of the person for whom you are making the call, and has
your correct telephone number.
When you answer the phone for someone who is
absent from the office, give some facts to the person
The tonal quality of your voice may or may not be
making the call. Do not merely say, He is not in right
subject to improvement. But by speaking correctly and
now. Rather, tell the caller when you expect the person
distinctly and by speaking clearly and unhurriedly, you
to return, or volunteer to help if you can. If you have no
should have little difficulty in making yourself
information concerning the whereabouts of the person
understood. Do not shout; it probably will not help and
called, ask the caller if you may take a message.
is likely to hinder.
Always make sure you have a pencil and pad beside
Some people become nervous when speaking over
the telephone for taking messages. This practice
the telephone. They take a deep breath, start at the
eliminates needless rummaging about while the other
beginning of their notes, and rush through to the end, all
person is holding the line open. Also, it is worth
in the same breath. Naturally, the person at the other end
remembering that the message will mean little to the
of the line cannot absorb so much information so
person for whom it is intended unless you leave the
quickly, with the result that the whole conversation is
following information:
unintelligible. Do not race through a conversation. The
1. Name of the caller
person on the other end is just as anxious to hear your
2. The message information as you are to give it, so avoid the need (and
the waste of time) of having to repeat your message.
3. Time and date of the message
4. Your name
REVIEW 4 QUESTION
Sometimes, you may have to leave the telephone to
Q1. You are taking a telephone message. List the four
obtain additional information for a call. When this delay
elements that you should include when taking a
is necessary, you should make it known to the caller. If it
message.
takes more time to obtain the required information than
you anticipated, give the caller an occasional progress
a.
report, such as I m sorry I did not find it there. If you do
not mind waiting, I will look elsewhere.
b.
When making a telephone call, there are certain
rules you should observe.
c.
1. Be sure that the number you dial is the correct
one. When you dial wrong numbers, you waste
other people s time as well as your own.
d.
2. When making a call to another office, identify
yourself immediately.
INTEGRATED VOICE
COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM (IVCS)
3. If you make the call for another person or an
officer, so inform the person at the other end of
Learning Objective: When you finish this chapter, you
the line. This courtesy eliminates the need for
will be able to
the other party to question you in this regard.
If you make a call and are informed that the person " Recognize the purpose of an integrated voice
called is not in, ask the person answering the telephone communications system (IVCS).
Student Notes:
4-11
The IVCS is an integrated communications accessories include headsets, handsets, spray-tight
system that solves some of the shortcomings of older
enclosures that permit the installation of the terminals in
systems installed on older ships. IVCS combines the
exposed areas, and loud speaker units. The loudspeaker
features of sound-powered telephones, dial
units (fig. 4-10) are designed for use with either the dial
telephones, and intercommunications units into one
or network terminals. Both units are equipped with
system. The IVCS also can interface with other
press-to-talk switches. Additionally, by depressing the
shipboard communications systems. The system
hands-free push switch on the unit, the operator can
consists of terminals (user access devices),
communicate without using the press-to-talk switch.
accessories, and two computer-controlled Interior
This permits you to communicate without a handset or
Communications Switching Centers (ICSCs).
headset.
NOTE INTERIOR COMMUNICATIONS
SWITCHING CENTER (ICSC)
Whenever IVCS are installed, sound-powered
The ICSCs are the heart of the IVCS. They perform
telephone circuits are designated as secondary
communications circuits. the switching actions necessary to connect the calling
party to the called party, similar to the automatic
TERMINAL DEVICES
switchboards of a dial telephone system. Figure 4-11
shows the relationship between ICSC and the IVCS.
Two types of terminal devices (network terminal
and dial terminal) are used with the IVCS. The type of
REVIEW 5 QUESTIONS
terminal and the way it is connected into the system
determines the type of service that is provided to you the
Q1. List the terminal devices used with IVCS.
user.
a.
Network Terminal
b.
The network terminal (fig. 4-8) provides service
comparable to that provided by sound-powered
telephone systems. By depressing one of the five
Q2. What is the purpose of the ICSC within the
numbered push buttons, you re connected to any one of
IVCS?
four networks. Each network circuit is also connected to
one of the ICSCs. The network circuits are manned for
certain shipboard operations, similar to sound-powered
telephones.
COMMUNICATIONS SECURITY
Dial Terminal
Learning Objective: When you finish this chapter, you
will be able to
The dial terminal provides services that can be most
easily compared to that provided by a dial telephone " Identify basic communications security
system. The dial telephones terminals (fig. 4-9) are procedures.
connected to ICSCs. They are used similar to a
Communications security is defined as the
commercial dial telephone with push-button dialing.
protective measures taken to deny unauthorized persons
information derived from telecommunications of the
Terminal Accessories
United States government that are related to national
security and to ensure the authenticity of each
There are several types of accessories designed for
use with the dial and network terminals. These telecommunication.
Student Notes:
4-12
Figure 4-8. Network terminal.
Classified information may not be discussed in ANNOUNCING AND
INTERCOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
telephone conversations except as may be authorized
over approved secure communications circuits.
Learning Objective: When you finish this chapter, you
When in doubt about the classification of information
will be able to
necessary to answer a question asked in a telephone
" Recognize the purpose and use of the
conversation, you should say nothing. When
announcing and intercommunication systems.
answering a telephone on a nonsecure
The general purpose of shipboard announcing and
communications circuit, you should inform the caller
intercom systems, circuits 1MC through 59MC, is to
that the telephone is nonsecure. For example:
transmit orders and information between stations within
Quarterdeck, USS Never Sail messenger of the
the ship by amplified voice communication by either a
watch speaking, sir this is a nonsecure telephone. central amplifier system or an intercommunication
Student Notes:
4-13
cabin, for instance, should not be blasted with calls for
individuals to lay down to the spud locker. The BMOW
is responsible for passing the word over the 1MC. If the
BMOW is absent and you are required to pass the word
yourself, be sure you know which circuits should be left
open. Some parts of the ship have independent MC
circuits of their own, such as the engineers announcing
system (2MC) and the hangar deck announcing system
(3MC).
The bullhorn (6MC) is the announcing system from
one point to another. It can be used to communicate
between two ships. It is a convenient means for passing
orders to boats and tugs alongside or to line-handling
parties beyond the range of the speaking trumpet. If the
transmitter switch is located on the 1MC control panel,
you must be careful to avoid accidentally cutting in the
bullhorn when you are passing a routine word.
The 1MC, 2MC, 3MC, and 6MC are all one-way
systems. A partial list of loudspeaker systems is shown
in table 4-2.
INTERCOMS
MC circuits, such as the 21MC (commonly known
Figure 4-9. Dial terminal.
as squawk boxes ), differ from the preceding systems
in that they provide two-way communications. Each
system. A central amplifier system is used to broadcast
unit has a number of selector switches. To talk to one or
orders or information simultaneously to a number of
more stations, you only need to position the proper
stations. An intercom system is used for two-way
switches and operate the PRESS-TO-TALK switch. A
transmission of orders or information.
red signal light mounted above each selector switch
GENERAL ANNOUNCING SYSTEM shows whether the station is busy. If it is busy, the light
flashes; if it burns with a steady light, you know that the
The basic MC circuit is the 1MC shown in figure
station is ready to receive. Typical IC circuits are as
4-12. This is the general announcing system, over which follows:
word can be passed to every space in the ship. The ship s
alarm system is tied into it as well. Transmitters are
located on the bridge, quarterdeck, and DC
4MC DC
central/central control station; additional transmitters
may be located at other points.
19MC Aviation ready room
The OOD is in charge of the 1MC. No call may be
20MC CIC
passed over it unless it is authorized by the OOD, the
21MC Captain s command
executive officer, or the captain, except for a possible
emergency call by the damage control officer.
22MC Radio central
Normally, the 1MC is equipped with switches that
24MC Flag officer
make it possible for certain spaces to be cut off from
announcements of no concern to them. The captain s
26AMC Machinery control
Student Notes:
4-14
Figure 4-10. Loudspeaker units.
4-15
Figure 4-11. IVCS block diagram.
4-16
Figure 4-12. Loudspeaker transmitter
4-17
Table 4-2. Shipboard Announcing Systems
CIRCUIT SYSTEM CIRCUIT SYSTEM
1MC General 35MC Launcher captains
2MC Propulsion plant 39MC Cargo handling
3MC Aviators 40MC Flag administration
4MC Damage control 42MC CIC coordinating
5MC Flight deck 43MC Unassigned
6MC Intership 44MC Instrumentation space
7MC Submarine control 45MC Research operations
8MC Troop administration and control 46MC Aviation ordnance and missile
handling
9MC Underwater troop communication 47MC Torpedo control
18MC Bridge 49MC Unassigned
19MC Aviation Control 50MC Integrated operational intelligence
center
21MC Captain s command 51MC Aircraft maintenance and handling
control
22MC Electronic control 52MC Unassigned
23MC Electrical control 53MC Ship administration
24MC Flag command 54MC Repair officer s control
26MC Machinery control 55MC Sonar service
27MC Sonar and radar control 56MC Unassigned
29MC Sonar control and information 57MC Unassigned
30MC Special weapons 58MC Hangar deck damage control
31MC Escape truck 59MC SAMID alert
32MC Weapons control
Student Notes:
4-18
The following is an example of how to operate the
" 20MC, combat information announcing system,
intercom. You are on the signal bridge at the 24MC
connects the same stations as the 1JS phones.
transmitter (fig. 4-13), and you want to call conn. First,
you push the selector button marked CONN on the
" 21MC, captain s command announcing system,
designation plate. We will assume the line is clear for
is an approximate parallel to the JA phones.
your message, which means that a steady red light
" 22MC, radio room announcing system, is a
appears over the signal bridge selector button at the
substitute for the JX phones.
conn transmitter. When the operator at conn pushes the
signal bridge button, the signal lights at both stations
" 24MC, flag officer s command announcing
begin to flash. Now you can operate the
system, is the intercom equivalent of the JF
PRESS-TO-TALK switch and start your message. Any
phones.
other station attempting to cut in gets the flashing busy
signal.
DAMAGE CONTROL WIREFREE
The chief disadvantage of the intercom is that it
COMMUNICATIONS (DC WIFCOM)
raises the noise level in any space in which it is located.
For this reason, it seldom is used when sound-powered
Learning Objective: When you finish this chapter, you
telephones are manned. Intercom circuits, which may
will be able to
be located on the bridge, are identified briefly as
follows:
" Recognize the purpose of DC WIFCOM.
Figure 4-13. A 24MC transmitter.
Student Notes:
4-19
DC WIFCOM is an improved means of damage effective communications as quickly as possible using
control central (DCC) using modern hand-held radios other methods.
specifically designed for shipboard needs. The system
is initially installed in some ships and repair lockers
REVIEW 6 QUESTIONS
with radios and antennas on a horizontal plane. An
improvement in the system will eventually include
Q1. Your phone system is unsecured. When
additional radios and vertical antennas for other stations
receiving a call, you should answer the phone by
to include the bridge and electronics casualty control
saying
team.
Where installed, DC WIFCOM is the primary
means of DCC within the repair locker area. Then
hand-held portable transceivers, repair locker base
Q2. What system is tied into the IMC circuit?
stations, and a radiating antenna system provide
instantaneous communications between repair lockers
and repair locker personnel at the scene and
investigators making damage reports. Each repair
Q3. What circuit is the damage control circuit?
locker has an installed base station and four portable
hand-held transceivers. Four to 12 channels are
available for use. The first four channels have the
following assignments:
Q4. What person(s) authorize(s) calls passed over the
Channel 1 Repair 5 area
IMC?
Channel 2 Repair 2 area
a.
Channel 3 Repair 3 area
b.
Channel 4 Designated for ship-to-ship com-
munications. Channel 4 may also be used for
c.
communications among ship control stations such as
DCC, secondary DCC, secondary conn and the bridge
Q5. What is the difference between an IMC circuit
major configurations.
and a 21MC circuit?
In the DC scenarios, WIFCOM hand-held
transceivers are issued to the investigators and scene
leader. They are the primary means of communication
in the repair station area of responsibility. The 21J (or
Q6. The first 4 channels of WIFCOM are assigned
other designated) sound-powered telephone circuits are
to
the primary means of communication between repair
lockers and DCC. Personnel using WIFCOM must be
a.
aware of specific zones of reduced transmission
capability or dead zones. Secondary communications,
b.
such as messenger or via second WIFCOM operator,
must be used to communicate through dead zones. If
c.
emission control is necessary, special consideration
must be given WIFCOM. In watertight areas during
d.
material condition ZEBRA, WIFCOM transmissions
may be interrupted. These transmissions can be made
only with command approval. In case of WIFCOM
failure, repair locker personnel should establish
Student Notes:
4-20
FLAGS AND PENNANTS stowed, and displayed properly. Our flag represents
freedom to the world today and forever.
Learning Objective: When you finish this chapter, you
When not under way, commissioned ships display
will be able to
the ensign from the flagstaff at the stern and the union
jack from the jack staff at the bow from 0800 to sunset.
" Recognize the function and use of flags and
While under way, the ensign is normally flown from the
pennants.
gaff. In ships having more than one mast, the gaff is
Flags and pennants serve various functions
usually positioned on the aftermast. In ships equipped
throughout the world. They have identified nations,
with two macks (combination masts and stacks), the
governments, rank, and ownership and have conveyed
location of the flag depends on which mast is configured
messages for centuries. This section introduces flags
to accept halyards or a gaff.
and pennants that identify persons and ships and
When a U.S. naval ship enters a foreign port during
transmit information and orders. On special occasions,
darkness, at first light it briefly displays its colors on the
flags are used as a decoration, such as dress ship.
gaff to make known its nationality. Other ships of war
The Navy uses the international alphabet flags;
that are present customarily display their colors in
numeral pennants and a code/answer pennant; a set of
return.
numeral flags, special flags, and pennants; and four
Our national ensign, along with the union jack, is
substitutes, or repeaters.
referred to as colors. At commands ashore and on U.S.
Each alphabet flag has the phonetic name of the
naval ships not under way, the ceremonial hoisting and
letter it represents. A numeral flag takes the name of the
lowering of the national flag at 0800 and sunset is
numeral it represents; numeral pennants are used only
known as morning and evening colors.
in call signals. Special flags and pennants are used in
When the national ensign is hoisted and lowered or
tactical maneuvers to direct changes in speed, position,
half-masted for any occasion, the motions of the senior
formation, and course; to indicate and identify units;
officer present are followed. This is done by flying the
and for specialized purposes. Flags and pennants are
PREPARATIVE pennant (called PREP) 5 minutes
spoken and written as shown in figures 4-14 and 4-15.
before morning and evening colors. Ceremonies for
EMERGENCY AND ADMINISTRATIVE
colors begin when PREP is hauled to the dip (the
SIGNALS
halfway point). The PREP pennant is shown in
figure 4-17.
The flags and pennants (figs. 4-14 and 4-15)
If a band or recorded music is available for the
represent only a few of the thousands of signals that can
colors ceremony, Attention is sounded, followed by
be transmitted by flag hoist. Since they may be
the national anthem. At morning colors, the ensign is
frequently seen displayed aboard Navy ships or
hoisted when the music begins. It is smartly hoisted to
stations, it would be to your advantage to learn to
the top of the flagstaff. Remember, a furled (folded)
identify them and understand their meaning. Your own
ensign is never hoisted to the top of the flagstaff or gaff.
personal safety may someday depend on recognizing a
At evening colors, lowering of the ensign also begins at
particular signal flag.
the start of the music and is so regulated as to be
Table 4-3 contains only those international signals
completely lowered at the last note of the music. Carry
most commonly used and having the same meaning as
On is sounded at the completion of the music. The
Navy signals.
national flag is always hoisted smartly and lowered
ceremoniously.
THE NATIONAL ENSIGN
If a band or music is not available for colors, To the
Our national ensign (fig. 4-16) must always be Colors is played on a bugle at morning colors, and
treated with the greatest respect. It should never touch Retreat is played at evening colors. For ships having
the ground or the deck. It should always be folded, no band, music, or bugler, Attention and Carry On
Student Notes:
4-21
Figure 4-14. Alphabet and numeral flags.
4-22
SUBSTITUTES
Figure 4-15. Numeral pennants, special flags, and pennants.
4-23
Table 4-3. Commonly Used International Signals
INTERNATIONAL
NAVY MEANINGS
SIGNALS
EMERGENCY/WARNING FLAGS
CODE ALFA (International) I have a diver(s) down; keep well clear at slow speed.
BRAVO I am taking in, discharging, or carrying dangerous materials.
KILO Personnel working aloft.
MIKE 1 This ship has medical guard duty.
MIKE 2 This ship has dental guard duty.
OSCAR Man overboard.
FLAG FIVE Breakdown; the vessel is having engine or steering difficulty.
ADMINISTRATIVE FLAGS
HOTEL (International) This ship has a harbor pilot on board.
INDIA Preparing to come alongside in-port or at anchor.
JULIETT I have a semaphore message to transmit.
PAPA General recall; all personnel return to the ship.
QUEBEC Boat recall; all boats return to the ship.
In port; flown by ship having READY DUTY. At sea, flow by the ship
ROMEO
PREPARING TO REPLENISH.
SIERRA Holding flag hoist drill.
Indicates the absence of the flag officer or unit commander show personal flag
FIRST SUBSTITUTE
or pennant is flying on the ship.
SECOND SUBSTITUTE Indicates the absence of the chief of staff..
Indicates the absence of the captain. If the captain is absent over 72 hours, it
THIRD SUBSTITUTE
indicates the absence of the executive officer.
are signals for rendering and terminating the hand ship, the command Carry On should not be given until
salute.
the music being overheard is completed.
Sometimes the music for colors from another U.S.
If foreign warships are present, the national anthem
ship can be overheard aboard your ship. When this
of each country represented is played after morning
happens and no band, music, or bugler is aboard your
colors. If your ship is visiting a foreign port, the national
anthem of that country is played immediately following
Student Notes:
4-24
Figure 4-16. The United States national ensign.
of a 21-minute gun salute that begins at noon (or until
1220 if no gun salute is rendered).
If the ensign is flown from the flagstaff and is
half-masted, the union jack is also half-masted. In
PREPARATIVE
half-masting the national ensign, it will, if not already
hoisted, first be hoisted to the peak and then lowered to
the half-mast position. Before lowering from the
half-mast position, the ensign is hoisted to the peak,
Figure 4-17. Preparative pennant.
then lowered ceremoniously. Distinctive marks, such as
commission or command pennants, are not half-masted
morning colors, followed by the national anthems of
except when the ship s commanding officer or the unit
any other foreign nations represented.
commander dies.
There are times during the year that the ensign is
U.S. Navy Regulations stipulates that when any ship
flown at half-mast, or half-staff ashore. This is the
under United States registry or the registry of a nation
internationally recognized symbol of mourning.
formally recognized by the United States salutes a U.S.
Normally, the flag is half-masted on receiving
Navy ship by dipping its flag (hauled halfway down and
information of the death of one of the officials or officers
then raised), the courtesy is to be returned dip for dip. A
listed in U.S. Navy Regulations. Notification may be
U.S. Navy ship never dips to a foreign ship (flag) first.
through the news media or by official message. The
U.S. naval ships (USNS) of the Military Sealift
United States honors its war dead on Memorial Day by
Command do not dip the national ensign to Navy ships
flying the flag at half-mast from 0800 until the last gun since they are public ships of the United States.
Student Notes:
4-25
Formal recognition of a foreign country does not (for example, the Governor of the Virgin
mean that diplomatic relations must exist. The fact that Islands)
diplomatic relations have been severed does not mean
When displayed from the jackstaff, the union jack is
that the United States no longer recognizes the existence
half-masted if the national ensign is half-masted. It is
of the state or the government concerned. However, the
raised and lowered in the same manner as the national
United States does not return the dip to countries such as
ensign. The union jack is not dipped when the national
Albania, North Korea, Vietnam, and South Yemen. If in
ensign is dipped.
doubt, ask the duty Signalman.
The union jack is issued in several sizes; but, when
UNION JACK
flown at the jack staff, it must be the same size as the
union of the ensign flown at the flagstaff. To make sure
The union jack is the rectangular blue part of the
it is not flown upside down, always have the single point
United States flag containing the stars. It is shown in
of the stars pointing toward the sky.
figure 4-18. It symbolizes the union of the states of the
United States. Each star represents a state. U.S. NAVY FLAG
When a naval ship is in port or at anchor, the union
On 24 April 1959, the President, on the
jack is flown from the jackstaff from 0800 to sunset. In
recommendation of the Secretary of the Navy,
addition to flying from the jackstaff, the union jack is
established an official flag for the United States Navy.
hoisted at the yardarm to indicate that a general
That was done to fulfill a need for an official flag to
court-martial or a court of inquiry is in session.
represent the Navy in displays and on a variety of
The union jack is flown in boats as follows: occasions, such as ceremonies and parades. Figure 4-19
shows the Navy flag.
1. When a diplomatic official of the United States,
at or above the rank of charge d affaires, is The U.S. Navy flag represents the Navy as follows:
embarked in a boat of the U.S. Navy and is
" At official ceremonies
within the waters of the country which that
person represents
" In parades
2. When a governor general, or a governor
" In displays during official Navy occasions
commissioned as such by the President, is
embarked in a boat in an official capacity and the
boat is within the governor s area of jurisdiction
Figure 4-18. Union jack. Figure 4-19. U.S. Navy flag.
:
4-26
U
N
Y
I
V
T
A
E
N
D
S
S
E
T
T
A
" At public gatherings when the Navy is an official
participant
" On other occasions as may be authorized by the
Secretary of the Navy
When used for the purposes listed above, the Navy
flag accompanies, and takes the place of honor after, the
Figure 4-21. Red Cross flag.
national flag. However, when other branches of the
armed forces are participating, the flags take
or a red lion and sun on a white field to indicate a
precedence in the order of seniority of the services
mission of mercy or amnesty from attack.
represented.
No flag or pennant may be flown above or, if on the
same level, to the right of our national flag. One
PERSONAL FLAGS AND PENNANTS
exception is the display of flags at the United Nations
Every Navy ship in commission flies the headquarters, where special rules apply. The only other
commission pennant except when it is replaced by a exception is during church services aboard ship
personal flag, command pennant, or Red Cross flag. conducted by Navy chaplains or visiting church
The commission pennant, shown in figure 4-20, is flown dignitaries. Then the church pennant (fig. 4-22) or the
at the after truck of a naval vessel and at the highest and Jewish worship pennant (fig. 4-23) is flown above the
most conspicuous point of hoist on a fixed mastless ship ensign. Many ships are fitted with two halyards to the
(submarines in particular). It is also flown from the bow same point of hoist at both the staff and gaff to permit
of a boat when a commanding officer, not entitled to a display of the church pennant and ensign
personal flag, is embarked on an official visit. simultaneously.
The commission pennant is not a personal flag, but Aboard ships under way, the church pennant is
sometimes it is regarded as the personal symbol of the displayed by hoisting it to the peak or truck and then
commanding officer. Along with the ensign and union dipping the ensign just clear of it. If services are being
jack, it is half-masted upon the death of the
commanding officer of a ship.
The Red Cross (Geneva Convention) flag, shown in
figure 4-21, is the distinctive mark flown from the after
truck of a commissioned hospital ship of the Navy. In
general, the Red Cross flag is regarded as an
international guarantee of amnesty from attack. None of
the military services, however, fly it on the same halyard
Figure 4-22. Church pennant.
as the national ensign. Boats engaged in sanitary service
and landing party hospital boats display the Red Cross
flag in the bow.
Some nations in the Middle East regard the cross as
a symbol contrary to their religious beliefs. Therefore,
they use a design such as a red crescent on a white field
Figure 4-20. Commission pennant. Figure 4-23. Jewish worship pennant.
Student Notes:
4-27
I
II
V
III
IV
X
IX
VI
VII
VIII
conducted at the time of morning colors aboard ships
not under way, the ensign is hoisted to the top of the
flagstaff at the prescribed time. The church pennant is
then hoisted and the ensign dipped just clear of the
pennant. If the ensign is half-masted, the church
pennant is hoisted just above the ensign. When the
church pennant is lowered, the ensign is closed up
(hoisted to the truck, peak, or top of the flagstaff) before
the pennant is lowered. Although the church pennant
may not be flown above the national flag ashore, it may
be displayed separately.
The Jewish worship pennant, shown in figure 4-23,
is displayed during Jewish religious services afloat and
ashore. This pennant was authorized by the Secretary of
the Navy in 1975. The same rules governing the display
of the church pennant apply to the display of the Jewish
Figure 4-25. Substitute pennants.
worship pennant.
pennants. They are flown only between sunrise and
The flag of the Chief of Naval Operations (fig. 4-24)
sunset.
is a blue and white rectangle, divided diagonally from
lower hoist to upper fly. In its center is the official seal of
Whenever the ship is taking aboard, transferring, or
the Chief of Naval Operations an eagle clutching an
handling dangerous commodities, such as ammunition
anchor and encircled by 50 gold links of chain. The
and fuel, the BRAVO flag is hoisted and the smoking
CNO s flag is displayed in the same manner as required
lamp is put out. BRAVO is hauled down when the
for displaying flags of any flag officer.
dangerous condition no longer exists. The BRAVO flag
(fig. 4-26) is a general signal flag.
Aboard ships not under way, the absence (for a
period of 72 hours or less) of various officers is
While standing watch, you will have many duties.
indicated by the display of SUBSTITUTE pennants.
One of them is to make sure special flags or pennants are
These are general signal pennants. The pennants are
displayed as required to indicate changing events
assigned as shown in figure 4-25.
aboard ship. Usually on a large ship, this is the
responsibility of the duty signalman. On small ships,
On many small ships, it is the responsibility of the
such as submarines, it is the duty of the topside watch
quarterdeck watch to hoist and haul down the absentee
(POOW). These flags or pennants are important
because they tell other units what is happening within
their area at any given time. A list of special flags and
pennants is normally posted within the quarterdeck area
for the ready reference of watch standers.
Figure 4-24. Chief of Naval Operations flag.
Figure 4-26. Bravo flag.
Student Notes:
4-28
There are many more flags and pennants that have A flag officer s flag is never displayed
special meanings. You will have to know the meaning of
simultaneously from more than one ship. It is flown at
some of these. They are called general signals, and those
the main-truck of the ship the officer is aboard.
not previously discussed are shown in figure 4-27.
Normally, no personal flag or pennant is shown at the
When flag officers of the Navy (admiral, vice
same masthead with the national ensign. When a double
admiral, rear admiral [upper half], rear admiral [lower
display is required, the personal flag or pennant should
half]) assume command of a fleet or a unit of a fleet,
be flown at the foretruck and the national ensign flown
their personal flag (fig. 4-28) is hoisted and kept flying
at the main-truck. When a single masted flagship is
until they turn over their command to their successor. If
dressed or full-dressed, however, the personal flag or
the officer is absent from command for a period
exceeding 72 hours, the flag is hauled down until the pennant is hoisted at the starboard yardarm. During a
officer returns.
gun salute, the ensign is displayed at the main-truck.
Any personal flag is lowered clear of the ensign.
SIGNAL MEANING
FLAG DISPLAYS IN BOATS
CODE
The ensign is flown from the stern of naval boats.
The ensign should never be so large that it hangs in the
water when the boat is afloat. When the ensign becomes
ALFA
soiled, it should be changed for a clean ensign. Our flag
should be flown from boats during the following times:
" When under way during daylight in a foreign
MIKE
port
" When ships are required to be dressed or
full-dressed
OSCAR
" When going alongside a foreign vessel
" When an officer or official is embarked on an
official occasion
PAPA
" When a flag or general officer, a unit
commander, a commanding officer, or a chief of
staff, in uniform, is embarked in a boat of the
command or in one assigned for personal use
QUEBEC
" At other times when prescribed by the senior
officer present
When an officer in command (or chief of staff)
YANKEE
entitled to a personal flag or pennant is embarked in a
boat on an official occasion, the appropriate flag or
pennant is flown at the bow. (If not entitled to a personal
flag or pennant, a commission pennant is displayed.) On
ZERO
other than official occasions, a miniature personal flag
or pennant is displayed near the coxswain s station.
Figure 4-27. General signals.
Student Notes:
4-29
Figure 4-28. Personal flags.
Bow Markings
Many boats carry bow markings to indicate to
whom the boat is assigned. A boat having an arrow in
the bow is assigned for use by a commanding officer or a
chief of staff who is not a flag officer. A miniature of the
command pennant is on the bow of the boat assigned to a
unit commander. A boat assigned for the personal use of
a flag or general officer has on each bow the number of
stars corresponding to the officer s rank.
Flagstaff Insignias
Boats assigned to officers for personal use or boats
in which a civil official is embarked on official business
are marked with special devices on the flagstaff. The
flagstaff for the ensign and for the personal flags or
pennants is fitted at the peak with these special devices,
shown in figure 4-29, as follows:
" Spread eagle: For any civilian official or flag
Figure 4-29. Flagstaff insignias.
officer whose official salute is 19 guns or more
" Flat truck: For an officer below the grade, or
" Halbert: For a flag or general officer whose
relative grade, of commander, and for civil
official salute is less than 19 guns or for a civil
officials entitled to honors of a lesser nature than
official whose salute is 11 guns or more but less
those previously described
than 19
Boat landings for officers usually are separate from
" Ball: For an officer of the grade, or relative grade,
those for enlisted personnel; but there may be times,
of captain in the Navy, and for certain diplomatic
especially overseas, when they are in the same location.
officials
" Star: For an officer of the grade, or relative
grade, of commander
Student Notes:
4-30
Aboard ship, the bridge watch usually tells the Q6. A boat with a halbert insignia on the flagstaff is
quarterdeck that an officer s or enlisted s liberty boat is
approaching your ship. What is the rank of the
approaching the ship.
person on the ship?
REVIEW 7 QUESTIONS
Q1. List some of the flags and pennants used by the SIDE HONORS
Navy.
Learning Objective: When you finish this chapter, you
will be able to
" Identify the purpose of and use of side honors.
Q2. In the space provided, list the flag flown for the
conditions described on the right. Side honors, rendered to officers and officials
boarding and departing the ship, are part of the honors
stipulated for an official visit. The honors consist of
CONDITIONS FLAG
parading the proper number of side boys and piping the
a. There is a man
side by the honors boatswain s mate. Officers
overboard.
appropriate to the occasion also attend the side. Side
b. There are divers in the
boys are not paraded on Sunday or on other days
water.
between sunset and 0800 or during meal hours of the
crew, general drills and evolutions, and periods of
c. A general court-martial
regular overhaul, except in honor of civil officials and
is in session.
foreign officers; then they may be paraded at any time
d. Worship service(s) in
during daylight hours. Side boys are paraded only for
progress.
scheduled (official) visits.
e. The captain is absent.
The term official means a formal visit of courtesy
requiring special honors and ceremonies. An informal
visit of courtesy requiring no special ceremonies is a
Q3. In port, commissioned ships display the national
call.
ensign and the union jack from what locations?
HONORS FOR OFFICIAL VISITS
The honors specified for an official visit are
rendered on arrival as follows:
Q4. In large ships, what person is usually responsible
for making sure that special flags and pennants
" When the rail is manned, personnel are spaced
are displayed?
uniformly at the rail on each weather deck, facing
outboard. The command Attention is sounded as the
visitor s boat or vehicle approaches the ship.
Q5. What is the flagstaff insignia for a captain?
" If a gun salute is prescribed on arrival, it is fired
as the visitor approaches and is still clear of the side. The
proper flag or pennant is broken on the first gun and
hauled down on the last gun except when it is to be flown
for the duration of the visit. Other ships firing a
concurrent salute also haul down, on the last gun, the
flag or pennant displayed in honor of the visitor.
Student Notes:
4-31
If the ship visited is moored to the pier in such a pennant is displayed in honor of the visitor, it is hauled
down with the last gun of the salute.
position that it is impractical to render the gun salute
before arrival on board, the salute is rendered (provided
When possible, the same honors and ceremonies
local regulations don t forbid gun salutes) after the
are rendered for an official visit to a naval station.
official arrives on board and the commanding officer is
SIDE BOYS
sure that the dignitary and party are moved to a position
in the ship that is well clear of the saluting battery.
When required for attending the side, the required
" The boat or vehicle is piped as it comes number of side boys will be on deck in the uniform of
alongside. the day. Side boys are mustered, inspected, and
instructed in their duties by the OOD and BMOW. They
" The visitor is piped over the side, and all persons
are stationed on either side of the route across the
on the quarterdeck salute and the guard presents
quarterdeck taken by arriving and departing
arms until the termination of the pipe, flourishes,
high-ranking officers or civilian officials who are
music, or gun salute, depending on which is
making official calls to the ship. When the side is piped
rendered last.
by the BMOW on the boatswain s pipe, from two to
eight side boys, depending on the rank of the honored
" If the gun salute is not prescribed on arrival and a
official, will form a passageway to or from the gangway.
flag or pennant is to be displayed during the visit,
They salute on the first note of the pipe and drop the
it is broken at the start of the pipe.
salute together on the last note.
" The piping of the side, the ruffles and flourishes,
Side boys must be particularly smart in appearance
and the music are executed in the order named. In
and groomed with polished shoes and immaculate
the absence of a band, To the Colors is sounded
uniforms. Enlisted women detailed to this duty are also
on the bugle, instead of the national anthem,
called side boys.
when required.
" The visitor, if entitled to 11 guns or more, is REVIEW 8 QUESTIONS
invited to inspect the guard upon completion of
Q1. When are side boys paraded?
the gun salute or such other honors as may be
accorded.
On departure, the honors prescribed for an official
visit are as follows:
Q2. When a gun salute is prescribed, when is it fired?
1. The rail is manned, if required.
2. The command Attention is sounded as the
visitor arrives on the quarterdeck.
SUMMARY
3. When the visitor is ready to leave the ship, the
guard presents arms, all persons on the quarterdeck
In this chapter, you have learned about
salute, and ruffles and flourishes, followed by music, is
communications equipment, telephones and telephone
sounded. The visitor then is piped over the side. The
talker responsibilities, and how this equipment and
salute and present arms terminate with the call. If no gun
responsibilities relate to you. You also learned about the
salute is fired, the flag or pennant displayed in honor of
importance of security and why the following correct
the visitor is hauled down.
procedures are important. This chapter also introduced
you to the use of flags, pennants, and honors accorded
4. The boat or vehicle is piped away from the side.
various military and civilian personnel.
5. If a gun salute is directed upon departure, it is
fired when the visitor is clear of the side. If a flag or
Student Notes:
4-32
REVIEW 1 ANSWER A4. Some disciplines that must be followed when
talking over sound-powered phone circuits
A1. To give the serial number (23DBCX14) of the
include
pump over the phone, you would say too, tree,
a. Transmit official message only
delta, bravo, charlie, xray, wun, fo-wer.
b. Keep the button in the OFF position except
REVIEW 2 ANSWERS
when transmitting
A1. True, the mouthpiece and earpiece of a
c. Use standard terms and phrases
sound-powered phone are interchangeable.
A2. If you pick up the mouthpiece or the headpiece d. Don t use slang or profanity
by itself, delicate wires could break.
A5. To clear a sound-powered phone circuit to
A3. If you leave the headset plugged in, the earpieces
transmit an important message, the sender
pick up background noises and transmit them
should say silence on the line.
over the circuit.
A6. The proper response upon receipt of a message is
A4. To talk or listen through the phone, depress the
as follows: Repeat message, identify yourself,
button located between the transmitter and
and then acknowledge the message.
receiver.
REVIEW 4 ANSWER
REVIEW 3 ANSWERS
A1. The four elements you should include when
A1. The three categories of sound powered phone
taking a message are
circuits are
a. Name of caller
a. Primary
b. The message
b. Auxiliary
c. Time and date of message
c. Supplementary
d. Your name
A2. An XJZ circuit is an auxiliary circuit.
A3. Some of the practices that make a good phone
talker include
REVIEW 5 ANSWERS
a. Speak clearly and directly into the phone
A1. The terminal devices used with the IVCS are
b. Don t have food or gum in your mouth
a. Network
c. Don t paraphrase messages; repeat them
b. Dial
word for word
A2.
d. Speak slowly Within the IVCS, the ICSC acts like a
switchboard and connects the caller with the
person who called.
e. In an emergency, speak calmly and
precisely
REVIEW 6 ANSWERS
f. Don t use local accents
A1. Your phone system is unsecured. When
receiving a call, you should answer the phone by
saying this line is unsecured.
4-33
A2. The alarm system is tied into the 1C circuit. A3. When in port, commissioned ships display the
national ensign and the union jack. The national
A3. The 4MC circuit is the damage control circuit.
ensign is flown from the flagstaff at the stern,
A4. Calls passed over the 1MC are authorized by
and the union jack is flown from the jackstaff
the
at the bow.
a. OD,
A4. On large ships, the signalman is usually
responsible for making sure that special flags
and pennants are displayed.
b. XO, or the
A5. A ball is the flagstaff insignia for a captain.
c. CO
A6. A boat with a halbert insignia on the flagstaff is
approaching your ship. There is a flag or
A5. The 1MC is a one-way system and the 21MC is
general officer on board, whose official salute
an intercom with two-way communication.
is less than 19 guns.
A6. The first 4 channels of WIFCOM are assigned
to
REVIEW 8 ANSWERS
a. Channel 1 Repair 5
A1. Side boys are paraded for scheduled official
visits.
b. Channel 2 Repair 2
A2. A gun salute is fired when the visitor
approaches and is still clear of the side.
c. Channel 3 Repair 3
d. Channel 4 Ship-to-ship communications
REVIEW 7 ANSWERS
A1. Flags and pennants used by the Navy include
the international alphabet flags; numeral
pennants and a code/answer pennant; a set
of number flags, special flags, and
pennants; and four substitutes or repeaters.
A2. The flag flown for the conditions is as follows:
CONDITIONS FLAG
a. There is a man Oscar
overboard.
b. There are divers in Code Alfa
the water.
c. A general court- The Union Jack
martial is in session.
d. Worship service(s) Church pennant/
in progress.
Jewish worship
pennant
e. The captain is The third pennant
absent
4-34
CHAPTER COMPREHENSIVE TEST
6. Aboard ship, there are how many categories of
shipboard sound-powered phone circuits?
1. To report serial number 23NCI16 over the
1. One
sound-powered telephone circuit, you would
2. Two
report the serial number in what way?
3. Three
1. Too, three, november, charlie, india, wun
4. Four
six
7. What category of shipboard telephone circuits
2. Too, tree, november, charlie, india, wun,
is designed to maintain vital communications
six
and are preceded by the letter X?
3. Two, tree, november, charlie, india, wun,
six
1. Primary system
4. Two, tree, november, charlie, india, wun,
2. Auxiliary system
sics
3. Supplementary system
4. Command circuit
2. It s important for you to remember that the
mouthpiece and earpiece of sound-powered
8. Which of the following sound-powered phone
telephones are interchangeable for which of
circuits is used as the CO s battle circuit?
the following reasons?
1. JA
1. Two people can talk at once
2. JC
2. They can be interchanged if a piece breaks
3. JL
3. Undesirable noises can be fed into the
4. 1JV
system
9. To keep the meaning of a message intact when
4. Both 2 and 3 above
standing duty as a telephone talker, what
3. The headset of sound-powered telephones is
action should you take?
picked up as a unit for which of the following
1. Speak loudly
reasons?
2. Repeat the message word for word
1. To make sure you have all the parts
3. Paraphrase what you hear
2. To avoid breaking them
4. Speak rapidly to transmit the message
3. Both 1 and 2 above
quickly
4 In case the earpiece is missing
10. Which of the following statements is a rule for
4. When using the mouthpiece of a
circuit discipline?
sound-powered phone set to report contacts,
1. Transmit only official messages
how far from your mouth should you position
2. Keep the button in the OFF position when
the mouthpiece?
not transmitting
1. 1/2 to 1 inch
3. Use only standard words and phrases
2. 1 to 2 inches
4. All of the above
3. 2 to 3 inches
11. When a telephone talker says Silence on the
4. 3 to 4 inches
line, you take what action?
5. Why should you unplug a phone s headset
1. Request permission to leave the line
when it s not in use?
2. Receipt that you ve heard the message
1. To keep the user costs down
3. Stop talking immediately
2. Earpieces will pick up noise and transmit it
4. Call back for authority to use the line
over the circuit
3. Carbon will build up at the connectors
4. Calls from other circuits won t go through
4-35
12. What type of telephone may be installed on 19. Which of the following persons is authorized
to pass calls over the 1MC?
weather decks?
1. OOD
1. A
2. XO
2. F
3. CO
3. C
4. Each of the above
4. G
20. What is the purpose of the 20MC announcing
13. Which of the following elements is included
system?
when taking a message?
1. Radio room announcing system
1. Name of caller
2. Flag officer s command announcing
2. Message
system
3. Time and date
3. Combat information announcing system
4. Each of the above
4. Captain s command announcing system
14. The IVCS has which of the following
21. Which of the following types of flags and
components?
pennants is/are used by the Navy?
1. Terminals
1. Substitute flags
2. Accessories
2. Numeral pennants
3. ICSCs
3. International alphabet flags
4. All of the above
4. All of the above
15. Within the IVCS, what is the purpose of the
22. Aboard ship, a man overboard is indicated by
ICSCs?
what emergency/warning flag?
1. To perform switching actions
1. Code Alfa
2. To keep lines clear
2. Oscar
3. To give multi-access to lines
3. November Charlie
4. To ensure automatic cutoff for security
4. Bravo
purposes
23. What administrative flag is used to recall all
16. Which of the following shipboard announcing
personnel to the ship?
systems is called the general announcing
1. Hotel
system?
2. Juliett
3. Romeo
1. 1MC
4. Papa
2. 2MC
3. 3MC
24. What administrative flag is flown in port to
4. 4MC
indicate the ship has ready duty?
17. Which of the following shipboard announcing
1. Hotel
2. India
systems is used for intership communications?
3. Romeo
1. 5MC
4. Quebec
2. 6MC
25. When under way, the national ensign is
3. 7MC
normally flown from what location?
4. 8MC
1. The gaff
18. Which of the following shipboard announcing
2. The aftermast
systems is used for hangar deck damage
3. The flagstaff
control?
4. The jackstaff
1. 39MC
2. 51MC
3. 53MC
4. 58MC
4-36
26. Which of the following statements defines the 31. On large ships, what person is responsible for
term colors ? making sure that special flags or pennants are
displayed to indicate changing events aboard
1. Colors give recognition of codes
ship?
2. Colors consist of our national ensign along
with the union jack 1. Boatswain s mate
3. Colors are lights on the flagstaff 2. Quarterdeck watch
4. Colors are the flags of foreign ships 3. Duty signalman
4. Topside watch
27. When a naval ship is in port or at anchor, the
union jack is flown from what location? 32. Where is a list of special flags and pennants
normally posted as a ready reference for watch
1. The gaff
standers?
2. The jackstaff
3. The aftermast 1. Combat information center (CIC)
4. The flagstaff 2. After deck
3. Quarterdeck area
28. The U.S. Navy flag is flown in which of the
4. Half deck
following situations?
33. An officer in command entitled to a personal
1. At official ceremonies or official public
flag is embarked in a boat on an official
gatherings when the Navy is officially a
mission. Where should the pennant be flown?
participant
2 In parades 1. Amid ship
3. In official Navy occasions 2. In the bow
4. Each of the above 3. In the stern
4. Yardarm, port
29. Which of the following flags are half-masted
at the death of the CO?
1. National ensign
2. Union jack
3. Commission pennant
4. Each of the above
30. On small ships, personnel from what watch
are responsible for hoisting and hauling down
absentee pennants?
1. Security watch
2. Quarterdeck watch
3. Roving watch
4. DC central watch
4-37
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