Cerebral Palsy Diagnosis
How is the diagnosis of cerebral palsy made? When an infant or child has brain
damage, a variety of symptoms can lead doctors and parents to suspect that
something is wrong. In the first few months of life, an infant with brain damage may
demonstrate some or all of the following symptoms that can indicate cerebral palsy:
" Lethargy, or lack of alertness
" Irritability or fussiness
" Abnormal, high-pitched cry
" Trembling of the arms and legs
" Poor feeding abilities secondary to problems sucking and swallowing
" Low muscle tone
" Abnormal posture, such as the child favoring one side of the body
" Seizures, staring spells1, eye fluttering, body twitching
" Abnormal reflexes.
During the first six months of life, other signs of brain injury suggestive of cerebral palsy
also may appear in an infants muscle tone and posture. These signs include:
" Muscle tone may change gradually from low tone to high tone; a baby may
go from floppy to very stiff.
" The child may hold his or her hand in tight fists.
" There may be asymmetries of movement, that is, one side of the body may
move more easily and freely than the other side.
" The infant may feed poorly, with their tongue pushing food out of their mouth
forcefully.
Once a baby with brain damage reaches six months of age, it usually becomes
quite apparent that he or she is picking up movement skills slower than normal.
Infants with cerebral palsy are more often slow to reach certain developmental
milestones, such as rolling over, sitting up, crawling, walking and talking. Parents are
more likely to notice developmental delays, abnormal behaviors, and signs of
cerebral palsy, especially if this is not their first child. Sometimes when they express
their concerns to their physicians2, their child is immediately diagnosed as having
cerebral palsy. More often, however, medical professionals hesitate to use the term
"cerebral palsy"at first. Instead, they may use broader terms such as:
" Developmental delay, which means that a child is slower than normal to
develop movement skills such as rolling over and sitting up
" Neuromotor dysfunction, or delay in the maturation of the nervous system
" Motor disability, indicating a long term movement problem
" Central nervous system dysfunction, which is a general term to indicate the
brain's improper functioning
1
Jest to taki rodzaj ataku epileptycznego, w którym człowiek traci świadomość (bez upadku na ziemię) i zaczyna
gapić się w jakiś punkt nie zważając na nawoływania innych osób.
2
Wybaczcie, ale celowo umieściłem tak prosty wyraz w słowniczku.
yródło: http://www.about-cerebral-palsy.org/diagnosis/
" Static encephalopathy3, meaning abnormal brain function that is not getting
worse.
So why do doctors frequently delay making a final diagnosis and prognosis when a
child may have cerebral palsy? Part of the answer lies in the plasticity of a child's
central nervous system, or it's ability to recover completely or partially after an injury
occurs. The brains of very young children have a much greater capacity to repair
themselves than do adult brains. If a brain injury occurs early, the undamaged areas
of a child's brain can sometimes take over some of the functions of the damaged
areas. Although the child may have some motor impairment, he or she can often
make great progress in other motor skills.
Another reason doctors may delay a diagnosis of cerebral palsy is that a child's
nervous system organizes over time. Damage to the brain may affect your child's
motor abilities differently. For example, tone can go from low to high or vice versa, or
involuntary movements can become more obvious. Generally, however, a child's
motor symptoms stabilize by two to three years of age. After this age, tone is
probably not going to change dramatically.
So what does all of this mean? It means that a cerebral palsy diagnosis is not made
over night. Since the extent of your child's problems will probably not be clear for
some time, his or her symptoms need to be monitored by an interdisciplinary team.
This is a group of professionals with specialties in different areas. These health care
professionals gather information on the child's accomplishments and make
comparisons over the months and years of the child's life. They will keep you up to
date on your child's current needs and problems, as well as the medical reasons for
these problems, if known. When diagnosing cerebral palsy, the interdisciplinary team
must first conduct an assessment, or evaluation of the child's strengths and needs in
all areas. As your child grows older, additional assessments may be necessary.
In conclusion, cerebral palsy is diagnosed by a complete examination of your child's
current health status. Doctors will test your child's motor skills and look carefully at his
or her medical history. They will also look for slow development, abnormal muscle
tone, and unusual posture. When diagnosing cerebral palsy, doctors must rule out
other disorders that can cause abnormal movements. Cerebral palsy does not get
worse. In other words, it is not progressive. Based on this fact, doctors must make the
determination that your child's condition is not progressively getting worse. Doctors
will also use a number of different specialized tests in diagnosing cerebral palsy. For
example, the doctor may order a CT (computed tomography). This is an imaging of
the brain that can determine underdeveloped areas of brain tissue. The doctor may
3
(kiedy stan nie ulega pogorszeniu). Dla porównania: Encefalopatia postępująca (kiedy stan się pogarsza).
yródło: http://www.about-cerebral-palsy.org/diagnosis/
also order an MRI (magnetic resonance imaging). This test also generates a picture
of the brain to determine areas that may be damaged. In addition to these imaging
tests, intelligence testing is also used. This helps to determine if a child is behind from
a mental standpoint. In addition to diagnosing cerebral palsy through a complete
and thorough examination of the child's abnormalities and behaviors, a review of
the mother's pregnancy, labor and delivery and care received is also conducted.
VOCABULARY
Cerebral palsy porażenie mózgowe
Brain damage uszkodzenie mózgu
Lethargy letarg
Alertness gotowość, czujność
Irritability pobudliwość (fizjol.), drażliwość (psych.)
Fussiness wybredność, marudność
High-pitched o wysokim tonie
Muscle tone napięcie mięśniowe
Seizure napad, atak (padaczkowy itp.)
Staring spell rodzaj ataku padaczkowego
Eye fluttering oczopląs
Body twitching drganie całego ciała
Abnormal reflexes nieprawidłowe odruchy
Apparent widoczny
Developmental delays opóznienia w rozwoju
Physician lekarz
Roll over przewracanie się z boku na bok
Neuromotor (neuromuscular) dysfunction zaburzenie nerwowo-mięśniowe
Maturation dojrzewanie
Motor disability zaburzenie motoryki
Central nervous system dysfunction zaburzenie ośrodkowego układu nerwowego
Static encephalopathy statyczna encefalopatia
Progressive encephalopathy encefalopatia postępująca
Plasticity podatność na odkształcenie, plastyczność
Motor impairment upośledzenie motoryki (ruchowe)
Involuntary mimowolny, bezwiedny
Interdisciplinary z pogranicza dwu spacjalności lub dwu nauk
Conduct an assessment przeprowadzić ekspertyzę lekarską
CT (computer tomography) TK (tomografia komputerowa)
Brain tissue tkanka mózgowa
MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) MR, MRI (rezonans magnetyczny)
Abnormalities nienormalność, nieprawidłowość
yródło: http://www.about-cerebral-palsy.org/diagnosis/
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