No. 92 August 2011
Children with Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and
Transgender Parents
Millions of children in the United States have lesbian, gay, bisexual and/or transgender
(LGBT) parents. Some children of LGBT parents were conceived in heterosexual
marriages or relationships. An increasing number of LGBT parents have conceived
children and/or raised them from birth, either as single parents or in ongoing committed
relationships. This can occur through adoption, alternative insemination, surrogate or
foster parenting. A small number of states currently have laws supportive of LGBT
couple adoption.
What effect does having LGBT parents have on children?
Sometimes people are concerned that children being raised by a gay parent will need
extra emotional support or face unique social stressors.Current research shows that
children with gay and lesbian parents do not differ from children with heterosexual
parents in their emotional development or in their relationships with peers and adults. It is
important for parents to understand that it is the the quality of the parent/child
relationship and not the parent s sexual orientation that has an effect on a child s
development. Research has shown that in contrast to common beliefs, children of lesbian,
gay, or transgender parents:
" Are not more likely to be gay than children with heterosexual parents.
" Are not more likely to be sexually abused.
" Do not show differences in whether they think of themselves as male or female
(gender identity).
" Do not show differences in their male and female behaviors (gender role
behavior).
Raising children in a LGBT household
Although research shows that children with gay and lesbian parents are as well adjusted
as children with heterosexual parents, they can face some additional challenges. Some
LGBT families face discrimination in their communities and children may be teased or
bullied by peers. Parents can help their children cope with these pressures in the
following ways:
" Prepare your child to handle questions and comments about their background or
family.
LGBT Parents, Facts for Families, No. 92 (08/11)
" Allow for open communication and discussions that are appropriate to your
child s age and level of maturity.
" Help your child come up with and practice appropriate responses to teasing or
mean remarks.
" Use books, Web sites and movies that show children in LGBT families.
" Consider having a support network for your child (For example, having your child
meet other children with gay parents.)
" Consider living in a community where diversity is more accepted.
Like all children, most children with LGBT parents will have both good and bad times.
They are not more likely than children of heterosexual parents to develop emotional or
behavioral problems. If LGBT parents have questions or concerns about their child, they
should consider a consultation with a qualified mental health professional.
For additional information see Facts for Families:
#1 Children and Divorce
#15 The Adopted Child
#24 When to Seek Help
#27 Stepfamily Problems
#62 Talking to Your Kids About Sex
#63 Gay and Lesbian Teens
#64 Foster Care
If you find Facts for Families© helpful and would like to make good mental health a reality, consider
donating to the Campaign for America s Kids. Your support will help us continue to produce and
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You may also mail in your contribution. Please make checks payable to the AACAP and send to Campaign
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The American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP) represents over 8,500 child and
adolescent psychiatrists who are physicians with at least five years of additional training beyond medical
school in general (adult) and child and adolescent psychiatry.
Facts for Families© information sheets are developed, owned and distributed by AACAP. Hard copies of
Facts sheets may be reproduced for personal or educational use without written permission, but cannot be
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If you need immediate assistance, please dial 911.
Copyright © 2012 by the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.
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