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Convention (IX) concerning Bombardment by Naval Forces in Time of
War
The Hague, 18 October 1907
(List of Contracting Parties)
Animated by the desire to realize the wish expressed by the first Peace Conference respecting the
bombardment by naval forces of undefended ports, towns, and villages;
Whereas it is expedient that bombardments by naval forces should be subject to rules of general
application which would safeguard the rights of the inhabitants and assure the preservation of the more
important buildings, by applying as far as Possible to this operation of war the principles of the
Regulation of 1899 respecting the laws and customs of land war;
Actuated, accordingly, by the desire to serve the interests of humanity and to diminish the severity and
disasters of war;
Have resolved to conclude a Convention to this effect, and have, for this purpose, appointed the
following as their Plenipotentiaries:
(Here follow the names of Plenipotentiaries)
Who, after depositing their full powers, gound in good and due form, have agreed upon the following
provisions:
CHAPTER I
THE BOMBARDMENT OF UNDEFENDED PORTS, TOWNS, VILLAGES, DWELLINGS, OR
BUILDINGS
Article 1
The bombardment by naval forces of undefended ports, towns, villages, dwellings, or buildings is
forbidden.
A place cannot be bombarded solely because automatic submarine contact mines are anchored off the
harbour.
Article 2
Military works, military or naval establishments, depots of arms or war ' matriel, ' workshops or plant
which could be utilized for the needs of the hostile fleet or army, and the ships of war in the harbour, are
not, however, included in this prohibition. The commander of a naval force may destroy them with
artillery, after a summons followed by a reasonable time of waiting, if all other means are impossible,
and when the local authorities have not themselves destroyed them within the time fixed.
He incurs no responsibility for any unavoidable damage which may be caused by a bombardment under
such circumstances.
If for military reasons immediate action is necessary, and no delay can be allowed the enemy, it is
understood that the prohibition to bombard the undefended town holds good, as in the case given in
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paragraph l, and that the commander shall take all due measures in order that the town may suffer as
little harm as possible.
Article 3
After due notice has been given, the bombardment of undefended ports, towns, villages, dwellings, or
buildings may be commenced, if the local authorities, after a formal summons has been made to them,
decline to comply with requisitions for provisions or supplies necessary for the immediate use of the
naval force before the place in question.
These requisitions shall be in proportion to the resources of the place. They shall only be demanded in
the name of the commander of the said naval force, and they shall, as far as possible, be paid for in
cash; if not, they shall be evidenced by receipts.
Article 4
Undefended ports, towns, villages, dwellings, or buildings may not be bombarded on account of failure
to pay money contributions.
CHAPTER II
GENERAL PROVISIONS
Article 5
In bombardments by naval forces all the necessary measures must be taken by the commander to
spare as far as possible sacred edifices, buildings used for artistic, scientific, or charitable purposes,
historic monuments, hospitals, and places where the sick or wounded are collected, on the
understanding that they are not used at the same time for military purposes.
It is the duty of the inhabitants to indicate such monuments, edifices, or places by visible signs, which
shall consist of large, stiff rectangular panels divided diagonally into two coloured triangular portions, the
upper portion black, the lower portion white.
Article 6
If the military situation permits, the commander of the attacking naval force, before commencing the
bombardment, must do his utmost to warn the authorities.
Article 7
A town or place, even when taken by storm, may not be pillaged.
CHAPTER III
FINAL PROVISIONS
Article 8
The provisions of the present Convention do not apply except between Contracting Powers, and then
only if all the belligerents are parties to the Convention.
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Article 9
The present Convention shall be ratified as soon as possible.
The ratifications shall be deposited at The Hague.
The first deposit of ratifications shall be recorded in a ' procŁs-verbal ' signed by the representatives of
the Powers which take part therein and by the Netherlands Minister of foreign Affairs.
The subsequent deposits of ratifications shall be made by means of a written notification addressed to
the Netherlands Government and accompanied by the instrument of ratification.
A duly certified copy of the ' procŁs-verbal ' relative to the first deposit of ratifications, of the notifications
mentioned in the preceding paragraph, as well as of the instruments of ratification, shall be at once sent
by the Netherlands Government, through the diplomatic channel, to the Powers invited to the Second
Peace Conference, as well as to the other Powers which have adhered to the Convention. In the cases
contemplated in the preceding paragraph, the said Government shall inform them at the same time of
the date on which it received the notification.
Article 10
Non-Signatory Powers may adhere to the present Convention.
The Power which desires to adhere shall notify its intention to the Netherlands Government, forwarding
to it the act of adhesion, which shall be deposited in the archives of the said Government.
This Government shall immediately forward to all the other Powers a duly certified copy of the
notification, as well as of the act of adhesion, mentioning the date on which it received the notification.
Article 11
The present Convention shall come into force, in the case of the Powers which were a party to the first
deposit of ratifications, sixty days after the date of the ' procŁs-verbal ' of that deposit, and, in the case
of the Powers which ratify subsequently or which adhere, sixty days after the notification of their
ratification or of their adhesion has been received by the Netherlands Government.
Article 12
In the event of one of the Contracting Powers wishing to denounce the present Convention, the
denunciation shall be notified in writing to the Netherlands Government, which shall at once
communicate a duly certified copy of the notification to all the other Powers informing them of the date
on which it was received.
The denunciation shall only have effect in regard to the notifying Power, and one year after the
notification has reached the Netherlands Government.
Article 13
A register kept by the Netherlands Minister for foreign Affairs shall give the date of the deposit of
ratifications made in virtue of Article 9, paragraphs 3 and 4, as well as the date on which the
notifications of adhesion (Article 10, paragraph 2) or of denunciation (Article 12, paragraph I) have been
received.
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Ein Projekt des Lehrstuhls fr ffentliches Recht insb. Vlkerrecht, Europarecht sowie auslndisches Verfassungsrecht.
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Each Contracting Power is entitled to have access to this register and to be supplied with duly certified
extracts from it.
In faith whereof the Plenipotentiaries have appended their signatures to the present Convention.
Done at The Hague, 18 October 1907, in a single copy, which shall remain deposited in the archives of
the Netherlands Government, and duly certified copies of which shall be sent, through the diplomatic
channel, to the Powers which have been invited to the Second Peace Conference.
(Here follow signatures)
Viadrina International Law Project
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Ein Projekt des Lehrstuhls fr ffentliches Recht insb. Vlkerrecht, Europarecht sowie auslndisches Verfassungsrecht.
Europa-Universitt Viadrina, Frankfurt (Oder), 2002
http://voelkerrecht.euv-frankfurt-o.de
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