REAR AXLE &
REAR SUSPENSION
SECTIONRA
CONTENTS
PRECAUTIONS AND PREPARATION.......................... 2 Rear Wheel Alignment............................................... 6
Precautions................................................................ 2 REAR AXLE................................................................... 7
Special Service Tools ................................................ 2 Wheel Hub................................................................. 7
Commercial Service Tools ......................................... 2 REAR SUSPENSION..................................................... 9
NOISE, VIBRATION AND HARSHNESS (NVH) Removal and Installation ......................................... 10
TROUBLESHOOTING................................................... 3 Coil Spring and Shock Absorber ..............................11
NVH Troubleshooting Chart....................................... 3 Torsion Beam, Lateral Link and Control Rod.......... 12
REAR SUSPENSION SYSTEM..................................... 4 SERVICE DATA AND SPECIFICATIONS (SDS) ........ 14
RA
ON-VEHICLE SERVICE ................................................ 5 General Specifications............................................. 14
Rear Axle and Rear Suspension Parts ..................... 5 Inspection and Adjustment ...................................... 14
Rear Wheel Bearing .................................................. 5
PRECAUTIONS AND PREPARATION
Precautions
When installing each rubber part, final tightening must
be carried out under unladen condition* with tires on
ground.
*: Fuel, radiator coolant and engine oil full. Spare tire,
jack, hand tools and mats in designated positions.
Use flare nut wrench when removing or installing brake
tubes.
GG94310000
After installing removed suspension parts, check wheel
alignment.
SBR820B
Do not jack up at the trailing arm and lateral link.
Always torque brake lines when installing.
Special Service Tools
Tool number
Description
Tool name
GG94310000 Removing and installing brake piping
Flare nut torque
wrench
a: 10 mm (0.39 in)
NT406
HT71780000 Removing and installing coil spring
Spring compressor
NT144
KV40106400
Piston rod lock nut
a : 5 mm (0.20)
wrench
b : 16.2 mm (0.64 in) DIA
c : 52 mm (2.05 in)
d : 14 mm (0.55 in)
e : 25.4 mm (1.00 in) DIA
f : 55 mm (2.17 in)
NT369
ST35652000 Fixing strut assembly
Shock absorber
attachment
NT145
Commercial Service Tools
Tool name Description
Equivalent to Removing and installing brake piping
GG94310000
1 Flare nut crows foot
2 Torque wrench
a: 10 mm (0.39 in)
NT360
RA-2
Improper installation, looseness RA-9
Shock absorber deformation, damage or deflection RA-11
Bushing or mounting deterioration RA-11
Parts interference
Spring fatigue
Suspension looseness RA-9
Incorrect wheel alignment RA-14
Wheel bearing damage RA-5
DRIVE SHAFT NVH in FA section
FRONT AXLE AND FRONT SUSPENSION NVH in FA section
TIRES NVH in FA section
ROAD WHEEL NVH in FA section
BRAKES NVH in BR section
STEERING NVH in ST section
X: Applicable
Use the chart below to help you to find the cause of the symptom. If necessary, repair or replace these parts.
Symptom
AND REAR
SUSPECTED PARTS
Possible cause and
Reference page
NOISE, VIBRATION AND HARSHNESS (NVH) TROUBLESHOOTING
SUSPENSION
REAR AXLE
handling
Poor quality ride or
Judder
Shimmy
Vibration
Shake
Noise
NVH Troubleshooting Chart
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
RA-3
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
REAR SUSPENSION SYSTEM
SEC. 431
When installing each rubber part, final tightening
must be carried out under unladen condition*
with tires on ground.
* Fuel, radiator coolant and engine oil full.
Spare tire, jack, hand tools and mats in
designated positions.
42 - 57
(4.3 - 5.8, 31 - 42)
1
98 - 118 (10 - 12, 73 - 87)
2
4
5
3
Front
98 - 118 (10 - 12, 73 - 87)
: Do not re-use
: N·m (kg-m, ft-lb)
NRA004
1 Coil spring 3 Torsion beam 5 Control rod
2 Shock absorber 4 Lateral link
RA-4
ON-VEHICLE SERVICE
Rear Axle and Rear Suspension Parts
Check axle and suspension parts for excessive play, wear or
damage.
Shake each rear wheel to check for excessive play.
SMA525A
Retighten all nuts and bolts to the specified torque.
Tightening torque:
Refer to REAR SUSPENSION (RA-9).
NRA005
Check shock absorber for oil leakage or other damage.
SMA113
Rear Wheel Bearing
Check axial end play.
Axial end play:
0.00 mm (0.0000 in)
Check that wheel hub bearings operate smoothly.
Check tightening torque of wheel bearing lock nut.
: 187 - 255 N·m (19 - 26 kg-m, 138 - 188 ft-lb)
Replace wheel bearing assembly if there is axial end play
or wheel bearing does not turn smoothly.
Refer to REAR AXLE Wheel Hub (RA-7).
SRA690A
RA-5
ON-VEHICLE SERVICE
Rear Wheel Alignment
PRELIMINARY INSPECTION
Make following checks. Adjust, repair or replace if necessary.
Check tires for wear and for improper inflation.
Check rear wheel bearings for excessive play.
Check wheels for deformation, cracks and other damage. If
deformed, remove tire and check wheel runout.
Lateral
Radial
runout
runout Wheel runout: Refer to SDS in FA section.
Check that rear shock absorber functions correctly.
Check rear axle and rear suspension parts for excessive
SFA975B
play.
Check vehicle posture (Unladen*).
*: Fuel, radiator and engine oil full. Spare tire, jack, hand
tools and mats in designated positions.
CAMBER
Camber is preset at factory and cannot be adjusted.
Camber:
Refer to SDS (RA-14).
If the camber is not within specification, inspect and replace
any damaged or worn rear suspension parts.
SFA948A
TOE-IN
Front
Toe-in is preset at factory and cannot be adjusted.
Measure toe-in using following procedure. If out of
Hub center specification, inspect and replace any damaged or worn rear
height
suspension parts.
WARNING:
Always perform following procedure on a flat surface.
Make sure that no person is in front of the vehicle before
Base line pushing it.
1. Bounce rear of vehicle up and down to stabilize the posture.
Measuring point
SFA614B
2. Push the vehicle straight ahead about 5 m (16 ft).
3. Put a mark on base line of the tread (rear side) of both tires
at the same height of hub center. This mark is a measuring
point.
4. Measure distance A (rear side).
5. Push the vehicle slowly ahead to rotate the wheels 180
degrees (1/2 turn).
If the wheels have rotated more than 180 degrees (1/2 turn),
try the above procedure again from the beginning. Never
push vehicle backward.
6. Measure distance B (front side).
Total toe-in:
SFA234AC
Refer to SDS, RA-14.
RA-6
REAR AXLE
Wheel Hub
SEC. 430
187 - 255
(19 - 26, 138 - 188)
25 - 33 (2.6 - 3.3, 19 - 24)
22 - 29
Front
(2.3 - 2.9, 17 - 21)
: Do not re-use
: N·m (kg-m, ft-lb)
NRA015
1 Spindle 4 Wheel bearing lock nut 6 Hub cap
2 Baffle plate 5 Cotter pin 7 ABS sensor
3 Wheel hub bearing
REMOVAL
CAUTION:
Before removing the rear wheel hub assembly, discon-
nect the ABS wheel sensor from the assembly. Then
move it away from the hub assembly. Failure to do so
may result in damage to the sensor wires and the sen-
sor becoming inoperative.
Wheel hub bearing does not require maintenance. If any
of the following symptoms are noted, replace wheel hub
bearing assembly.
Growling noise is emitted from wheel hub bearing during
operation.
Wheel hub bearing drags or turns roughly. This occurs when
turning hub by hand after bearing lock nut is tightened to
specified torque.
RA-7
REAR AXLE
Wheel Hub (Cont d)
1. Remove brake caliper assembly.
2. Remove brake rotor.
3. Remove wheel bearing lock nut.
4. Remove wheel hub bearing from spindle.
Brake hose does not need to be disconnected from brake
caliper.
Suspend caliper assembly with wire so as not to stretch
brake hose.
Be careful not to depress brake pedal, or piston will pop out.
Make sure brake hose is not twisted.
SRA711A
INSTALLATION
Install wheel hub bearing.
Tighten wheel bearing lock nut.
Before tightening, apply oil to threaded portion of rear spindle
and both sides of plain washer.
: 187 - 255 N·m (19 - 26 kg-m, 138 - 188 ft-lb)
Check that wheel bearings operate smoothly.
SRA712A
Check wheel hub bearing axial end play.
Axial end play:
0.00 mm (0.0000 in)
SRA690A
RA-8
REAR SUSPENSION
SEC. 431
When installing each rubber part, final tightening
must be carried out under unladen condition*
with tires on ground.
* Fuel, radiator coolant and engine oil full.
Spare tire, jack, hand tools and mats in
designated positions.
36 - 47 (3.7 - 4.7, 27 - 34)
6
1
2
3
42 - 57
(4.3 - 5.8, 7
31 - 42)
4
25 - 33
(2.6 - 3.3,
19 - 24)
5
11
8
98 - 118
9 (10 - 12, 73 - 87)
98 - 118
(10 - 12,
73 - 87)
59 - 78
(6.1 - 7.9,
44 - 57)
98 - 118
(10 - 12, 73 - 87)
10
98 - 118 (10 - 12, 73 - 87)
98 - 118 (10 - 12, 73 - 87)
: N·m (kg-m, ft-lb)
Front
: Do not re-use
NRA018
1 Washer 5 Bound bumper 9 Lateral link
2 Bushing 6 Coil spring 10 Control rod
3 Shock absorber mounting 7 Shock absorber 11 ABS sensor
bracket
8 Torsion beam
4 Bound bumper cover
RA-9
REAR SUSPENSION
Removal and Installation
CAUTION:
Before removing the rear suspension assembly, discon-
nect the ABS wheel sensor and headlamp leveling sen-
sor from the assembly. Failure to do so may result in
damage to the sensor wires and the sensor becoming
inoperative.
Remove suspension assembly.
1. Disconnect parking brake cable from caliper and remove
brake caliper and rotor.
SRA695A
Suspend caliper assembly with wire so as not to stretch
brake hose.
Be careful not to depress brake pedal, or piston will pop out.
Make sure brake hose is not twisted.
2. Using a transmission jack, raise torsion beam a little, and
remove nuts and bolts from the trailing arm, shock absorber
assembly (lower side) and lateral link.
3. Lower transmission jack, and remove suspension.
4. Remove shock absorber assembly.
NRA016
Install suspension assembly.
CAUTION:
Refill with new brake fluid DOT 4 .
Never reuse drained brake fluid.
After installation of the suspension assembly the head-
lamp leveling sensor has to be recalibrated. Refer to EL
section (models equipped with xenon headlamps only).
1. Attach torsion beam, at trailing arm and lateral link, to
vehicle. Do not tighten bolts at this time.
SRA697A
2. Using a transmission jack, place lateral link and control rod
horizontally against torsion beam. Tighten lateral link on
vehicle.
3. Attach shock absorber assembly to vehicle. Then tighten the
lower side of shock absorber assembly.
4. Lower torsion beam to fully extended position. Remove
transmission jack and tighten torsion beam, at trailing arm, to
specified torque. Refer to RA-9.
5. Install ABS-wheel sensor.
SRA698A
RA-10
REAR SUSPENSION
Coil Spring and Shock Absorber
REMOVAL
Remove shock absorber upper and lower fixing nuts.
Do not remove piston rod lock nut on vehicle.
DISASSEMBLY
1. Set shock absorber in vise with attachment, then loosen
piston rod lock nut.
WARNING:
Suitable
Do not remove piston rod lock nut at this time.
bar
2. Compress spring with Tool so that the shock absorber upper
spring seat can be turned by hand.
NRA008
3. Remove piston rod lock nut.
NRA009
INSPECTION
Shock absorber assembly
Check for smooth operation through a full stroke, both com-
pression and extension.
Check for oil leakage on welded or gland packing portions.
Check piston rod for cracks, deformation or other damage.
Replace if necessary.
Upper rubber seat and bushing
Check rubber parts for deterioration or cracks.
Replace if necessary.
Coil spring
Check for cracks, deformation or other damage. Replace if nec-
essary.
RA-11
REAR SUSPENSION
Coil Spring and Shock Absorber (Cont d)
Front ASSEMBLY
Shock absorber
Spring lower
lower bushing
end position Locate upper spring seat as shown.
12.8°
12.8°
center
LH RH
Spring lower
end position
NRA010
When installing coil spring, be careful not to reverse top and
bottom direction. (Top end is flat.)
When installing coil spring on shock absorber, it must be
positioned as shown in figure at left.
SFA436B
Torsion Beam, Lateral Link and Control Rod
DISASSEMBLY
Remove torsion beam assembly. Refer to Removal and
Installation in REAR SUSPENSION (RA-10).
Remove lateral link and control rod from torsion beam.
INSPECTION
Check for cracks, distortion or other damage. Replace if nec-
essary.
SRA703A
Standard length:
A 207 - 208 mm (8.15 - 8.19 in)
B 394 - 395 mm (15.51 - 15.55 in)
C 601 - 603 mm (23.66 - 23.74 in)
D 106 - 108 mm (4.17 - 4.25 in)
Check all rubber parts for wear, cracks or deformation.
Replace if necessary.
ASSEMBLY
1. Temporarily assemble lateral link and control rod.
When installing the control rod, connect the bush with the
smaller inner diameter to the lateral link.
SRA700A
RA-12
REAR SUSPENSION
Torsion Beam, Lateral Link and Control Rod
(Cont d)
2. Temporarily install lateral link and control rod on torsion
beam.
When installing, place lateral link with the arrow topside.
SRA701A
3. Place lateral link and control rod horizontally against torsion
beam, and tighten to the specified torque.
4. Install torsion beam assembly. Refer to Removal and Instal-
lation in REAR SUSPENSION (RA-10).
SRA702A
RA-13
SERVICE DATA AND SPECIFICATIONS (SDS)
General Specifications
Suspension type Multi-link beam suspension
Shock absorber type Double-acting hydraulic
Stabilizer Standard equipment
Inspection and Adjustment
WHEEL ALIGNMENT (Unladen*) WHEEL BEARING
Camber Minimum -2°92 (-2.15°) Wheel bearing axial end play
0.0 (0.00)
mm (in)
Nominal -1°242 (-1.4°)
Degree minute
Wheel bearing lock nut tighten-
(Decimal degree) Maximum -0°392 (-0.65°) 187 - 255
ing torque
(19 - 26, 138 - 188)
Total toe-in Minimum -1.8 (-0.07) N·m (kg-m, ft-lb)
Nominal 2.2 (0.09)
Distance (A-B)
mm (in) Maximum 6.2 (0.24)
Angle (left plus right) Minimum -0°112 243 (-0.19°)
Nominal 0°122 363 (0.21°)
Degree minute
(Decimal degree) Maximum 0°362 363 (0.61°)
*: Fuel, radiator coolant and engine oil full. Spare tire, jack,
hand tools and mats in designated positions.
RA-14
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