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Our modern world relies on metal Products. Here are eight metals and a few examples of their uses:

F 5 E ra .22

Aluminum

Used to make drink cans, tinfoil, pipes for the building industry, car parts, aircraft, and computers.

Blasts from the past

How to: pan for gold

Titanium

Car parts, tennis rackets, wristwatches, aircraft and spacecraft parts, and pressure-proof deep-sea capsules all contain titanium.

w ■ ■ Find an upland stream with a bed of sand and fine gravel and scoop some of the materiał into a broad, shaliow pan.

05.

Eventually,

you will get down to the heaviest minerals—most will be dark, but you may find some shiny gold!

■ Tilt the pan and swirl it beneath the surface so that the water washes away the lighter particles. Swirl the pan again.

Submerge your pan in around 6 in (15 cm) of running water. Stir the contents with your fingers to wash out any mud.

■ Shake the pan underwater to help the heaviest minerals (which might include gold) sink to the bottom of the pan.

RECORD BREAKER

Gold is the most workable of all metals. Around 0.03 oz (1 g) can be beaten into 10 sq ft (1 sq m), and 1 oz (28 g) into 300 sq ft (28 sq m). The resulting “gold leaf” is almost transparent!

Both copper and

Lead

Most lead is extracted from the heavy metallic crystals of a compound of lead and sulfur known as galena. Lead is a poisonous metal used to make batteries.

Zinc

This whitish metal occurs in sphalerite, which is a compound of zinc, iron, and sulfur. Zinc is combined with copper to make shiny, dark gold brass.

tin are relatively soft metals, but if they are mixed together, the resulting alloy—bronze— is much harder than either one!

(c) 2011 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

bronze and with

zinc to make brass.

Copper

Used for piping, Computer components, electrical wire. Alloyed with tin to make

Iron

Refined into Steel, it is used to make cars, tools, fencing wire, ships, bicycles, and steel-framed skyscrapers.

Nickel

Mainly alloyed with iron to make stainless Steel for silverware and similar items, but also madę into coins, magnets, and nickel-plated guitar

Zinc

Often added to Steel to stop it from rusting, so features in chains, cables, and corrugated sheets. Alloyed with copper to make brass. Also used in batteries.

Lead

Alloyed with tin to make the solder used to build electronic circuits. Also features in car batteries, bullets, and radiation shielding.

Tin

Principally alloyed with lead to make solder but also used to make tin-plated Steel cans. Alloyed with copper to make bronze.