Contents(1)

Table of Contents

Extreme Genetic Engineering: Aii Introduction to Synthetic Biology................................................................ 1

Introducdon: Original Syn?...................................................................................................................................3

Synbio Basics..........................................................................................................................................................6

Read/Write DNA: Gene Synthesis....................................................................................................................6

Cleaning up the Codę - Codons, Proteinsand Pathways...............................................................................9

Five Alive - An Introduction to Five Major Areas of Research in Synthetic Biology.......................................13

1: Making Minimal Microbes- Post-modern Genomics...............................................................................13

2: Assembly Linę DNA- “Lego" Life-Forms to Order..................................................................................15

3: Building Artificial Cells from the Bottom Up - Ersatz Evolution............................................................17

4: Pathway Engineering - Bug Sweatshops....................................................................................................19

5: Expanding Earth*s Genetic System - Alien Genetics................................................................................21

Implications of Synthetic Biology:......................................................................................................................23

I.    Building a Better Bio-Weapon - What does synthetic biology mean for bioweapons?............................23

II.    The New Synthetic Energy Agenda - Rebooting Biofuels.......................................................................27

III.    Synthesizing New Monopolies from Scratch - Synthetic Biology and Intellectual Monopoly.............32

IV.    Synthetic Conservation - What are the implications of gene synthesis and digital DNA for

conservation of genetic resources and the politics of biodiversity?......................................................36

V.    Synthetic Commodities - Implications for Trade.....................................................................................40

VI.    Synbiosafety................................................................................................................................................42

Synthetic Governance (Trust us. We’re experts.)..............................................................................................46

Recommendations...............................................................................................................................................49

Case Study: Synthetic Biology’s Poster Child - Microbial Production of Artemisinin to Treat Malaria........52

Glossary................................................................................................................................................................56

Endnotes...............................................................................................................................................................57

Boxes,Tables and Map

Box 1: BANG Goes Scientific Disciplines: Comerging Nanoscale Technologies..............................................5

Map: Commercial DNA Synthesis Companies.....................................................................................................8

Box 2: Life is cheap - and fast.............................................................................................................................10

Box 3: DNA Computing: Nature’s PowerBook..................................................................................................18

Box 4: NSABB: Scientific Advice on LIow to Throw Out the Baby with the Batli Water.................................26

Table 1: A Sample of Recent Synthetic Biology Patents....................................................................................35

Table 2: Companies with Synthetic Biology Activities.......................................................................................45

Words that are underlined in this document are defined in the glossary.

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