REIDER PART 145

oppositc acromion. This motion may be painful or limited in patients with acromioclavicular joint pathology. Extension. Shoulder extension is tested in a manner opposite to that of shoulder flexion. The patient is asked to swing the upper limb as far posteriorly as possihlc in the sagittal piane while keeping the elhow straight (Fig. 2-34). Normal shoulder extension is much less than forward flexion, ranging from about 40° to 60° in the averagc subject. Because pure shoulder extension is not frequently used in daily activities, it is not always tested as part of a routine shoulder examination.

Protraction and rctraction are movements that take place at the scapulothoracic interface, not the glcno-humeral joint. They are usually not measured but observed in a qualitative way. To dcmonstrate scapular rctraction, the patient is asked to puli the shoulders back in a position of attention. The scapulae are noted to approach each other as they move toward the midline (Fig. 2-35). In scapular protraction, this movement is reversed as the patient shrugs the shoulders forward in a hunched attitude. The scapulae are seen to slide away from the midline (Fig. 2-36). In the presence of snapping scapula syndrome, reciprocal retraction-protraction pro-duces a palpable and often audihle grating. This is most commonly felt best at the supramedial corner of the scapula.

Wyszukiwarka

Podobne podstrony:
REIDER PART 1
42 132 Chapter 4 Hand and Wrist Figurę 4-48. A, Opposition of the thumb. B, Lack of no
REIDER PART 102 ELSEYIERSAUNDERS An Imprint of Elsevier The Curtis Center 170 S. Independence Mail
REIDER PART 103 This book is dedicated with love to my brothers, Ronald and Jeffrey.
REIDER PART 105 Roderick Birnie, MBBCh, MMed, MD Assistant Professor of Clinical Surgery Section of
REIDER PART 106 ł i
REIDER PART 107 Humań anatomy only changes at the glacial ratc of evo-lution, but our knowledge of
REIDER PART 109 Acknowledgments The lead author would like to recognize the following individuals f
REIDER PART 113 Terms and Techniques Bruce Reider The body of this book is dividcd into chapters, e
REIDER PART 114 2    ^ Chaptfr 1_Terms and Tcchnigues c D Figurę 1-1. The anatomie p
REIDER PART 115 Chapter 1_Terms and Technigues 3 confusing owing to the forearms ability to rotatc
REIDER PART 116 4 Chapter 1 Terms and Techniqucs Figurę 1-2. A, Genu valgum. B, Genu varum. neck an
REIDER PART 117 Charter 1_Terms and Technigues 5Gait One of the most valuable components of the mus
REIDER PART 118 Figurę 1-4. The normal gait cyde (right foot). A, Heel strike. B, Foot fiat. C, Mid
REIDER PART 119 Figurę 1-5. Planes and axes of movement. A and B, Coronal piane. C and D, Sagittal
REIDER PART 120 8__Chapter 1_Terms and Technigues Figurę 1-5, cont d. Eand F, Tran$ver$e piane. are
REIDER PART 121 Chaptek 1 Tcrms and Technigues Figurę 1-6. Pa i red motions in the shoulder. A, Fle
REIDER PART 122 10 Chapter 1 Terms and Techniąues Figurę 1-7. Use of the goniometer to measure elbo
REIDER PART 123 Chapter 1_Terms and Tcchnigues 11 Figurę 1-8. Tests of ligamcntous laxity. A, Elbow
REIDER PART 124 12 Chapier 1__Terms and Technigues_ the appropriate joint against the force of grav
REIDER PART 125 Chapter 1_Terms and Technigues 13 nerve compression or injury in the segment of the

więcej podobnych podstron