skanuj0017 4
* The Scots raised against their king, but because of not being uniformed, were defeated.
* Established two universities Oxford and Cambridge, and forced the greatest English universities to accept Catholic students
* Pope’s nuncio was openly received in court
1687- James 2 issued own Declaration of Indulgence and ordered to read it on all messes. Some priests refused and were arrested, but in courts weren’t find guilty)
James 2’s daughter, Mary of Modena, married William of Orange.
Later both Whigs and Tories and the English bishops United their efforts, met together and wrote a lettcr to Mary and William to come to England and to take the English throne.
1688-1689 Gloriouś Revolution: William of Orange (Dutch) and his wite, Mary, organised an army and landed in England, Not bloody evenF, CONSTITOTIONAL MONARCHY {France was growing on strength}
ORANGE DYNASTY ^
William of Orange and Mary
Ihey landed in England in 1688, took throne and immediately promised to protect Protestant religion and to work together with the parliament. They were even supported by pope. James with his family escaped to France.
Parliament was the strongest power in the country. Nothing could be done without its approval.
[l689 Declaration of Rights (bills of rights):
* Restoration of king’s power
* Forbid king to introduce any legał act without concern of parliament
* King couldn’t impose (increase) taxes
* King couldiTt raise an army during peacetime
* Introduced free parliamentary debates
* Protestantism was dominating religion
* Only Protestants could carry guns
* All the civil servants had to belong to the Anglican Church
\Parliament issued:[
The Tolerancc Act - 1689 No religion was persecuted, Anglican Church had a strong position.
Muting Act - 1689 King could raise an army but only for a year.
Trinomial Act - 1694 limited parliament for 3 years (election were every 3 years)
1694-the Bank of England was founded:^
* It was the only legał institution with right to issuelbanknote ]
* D.eveloped a very good system of loans (easy to take a loan and invest it)
* Development of trade, industry and agriculture
{ 170T the Act of Settlement - [it solved the ąuestion of the succession of English throne]
* If William and Mary died childless, Mary’s younger sister, Anną, would become the English queen.
* If Anna died childless too, English throne would be passed to the James 2’s granddaughter’s children, HANOYERIANS (German sideline of Stuarts)
Proyisions of this act, also said that:
* Only members of Anglican Church could sit on the English throne, others would be immediately excluded.
* King couldnT leave England without parliamenfs permission
* King couldn’t raise an army, exception - during the wartime
* King couldiTt get involved in any wars for the private possessions
* Only parliament and king could rule the England
* From that time on, the parliament rules the England. King is .no longer tliemiost important.
* William was the great supporter of English trade. No other country was rich enough to rival with England.
Because of exclusion of James 2 in 1672, raising in Ireland started. King sent army to pacifies it. As a result:
* Catholics were removed from Civil Service
* Catholic teachers weren’t allowed to teach in civil schools
* Marriages betwecn Catholics and Protestants were forbidden
* Lands were only given back to Protestants
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