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Communicative language teaching is an approach to foreign or second language teaching with emphasises that the goal of language is communicative competence.
Teaching materials used with a communicative approach often
teach to express and understand different kinds of functions, such as requesting, describing, expressing likes or dislikes etc.
emphasize the processes of communication, such as using language appropriately in different types of situations, using language to perform different kinds of tasks or using language for social interaction with other people
reach the communicative objectives engage learners in communication
Materials are essential and influential. There are many book that are designed to support CLT. There is a variety of games, role plays, simulations and tasks based activities that support CLT. Authentic and "from-life" materials are also used in CLT ( we called them realia).
What are the basie principles of Communicative Language Teaching?
-learners know and recognize the aim of all exercises and activities in which they are involve
-elassroem work is based on particular situation where the language is also appropriate to the context/situation
-all learners are actively invo!ved in all activities/exercises
-the content of imaged activities are presented and madę real to the learner through pictures, diagrams etc.
-content and methodology depend on learner;s knowledge, experiences
-acquired techniques of learning develop learners' self-sufficiency, security; cooperation and initiative -the teaching/learning process is marked by the variety of means of learning
-the communicative teaching is marked by an atmosphere of using and working with the target language and culture
Classroom activities in Communicative language Teaching
Activities are selected if they engage the learner in meaningful and authentic language use. CLT focuses on the needs of the students. There is an unlimited supply of activities and exercises which are compatible with CLT.
One of the goals of CLT is to develop fluency in language use. Fluency is developed by creating classroom activities in which students must negotiate meaning, use communication strategies, correct misunderstandings and work to avoid communication breakdown.
EXAMPLES:
1. role-plays: activities in which students are assigned roles and improvise a scene on given information or clues
2. opinion sharing activities: activities where students compare values, opinions etc.
3. information-gap activities: this type of activities refer to the fact that in real communication people normaliy communicate in order to get information they do not possess. Students task is to use avaiiable vocabulary, grammar and communication strategies to complete a task.
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