IMG#10
22 Associative Principles and Democratic Reform
public power and of the devolved associationally-governed activi-ties would be possible. -V c0
Economic liberals have attempted to address these problemg I c0 of accountability and the scalę of govemment by reducing the i 8° activities performed by the State, reducing both public provision I c0 and public regulation of the wider society. They have sought to I W1 privatize and to deregulate activities, but in doing so they have bl typically handed these activities over to undemocratic and un-accountable bodies, either quasi-public bureaucratic agencies or I hierarchically-managed business corporations. Associative de- ^ mocracy is not like economic liberalism, although both advocate f g that the State should shed certain functions. Associationalism does ir not aim to reduce either social provision or economic govern- I \[ ance, but to change their form of organization. It devolves the performance and administration of public functions to voluntaiy I q
bodies that are accountable both to their members and to the I d
public power. What would conventionally be regarded as ‘private’ I b
agencies undertake public functions, but, unlike the agencies I h
created by economic liberał reforms, they are accountable to I ti
those for whom the service or activity is provided. The administra- I F
tion of such voluntary bodies is doubly answerable: directly to i H
their membership through their members’ rights to participate I I
in, and to exit from, associations and, for the performance of i d
publicly-funded activities, to common political institutions com- I tl
posed of elected representatives and appointed officials like I c
judges or inspectors. Associative democracy aims at a manage- | a
able and accountable State, but not an under-govemed society. I ti
Associationalism does not strip down and diminish the public I r<
sphere as economic liberalism does, but actually revitalizes it and I o
Associationalists are not the only critics of the present balance I between State and civil society, this too is the concem of thought- I P ful liberał democrats. Thus Noberto Bobbio and Robert Dahl, I C1 without doubt the two most accomplished contemporary demo- I P cratic theorists, argue that democracy is endangered when the 1 °
pluralism and autonomy of civil society is threatened by un* } accountable hierarchically-controlled power. The problem for classical liberał democrats is that democratic government based ^ on accountability to the individual Citizen means little if the great bulk of economic affairs are controlled by large privately-owned
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