F00574 007 f002

Changes with ageing

Clinical conseguences

CNS

• Neuronal loss

• Cochlear degeneration

• Increased lens rigidity

• Lens opacification

• Anterior hom celi loss

• Dorsal column loss

Respiratory system

• Reduced lung elasticity and alveolar support

• Increased ęhest wali rigidity

• Increased V/Q mismatch

• Reduced immune function

Cardiovascular system

• Reduced maximum heart ratę

• Dilatation of aorta

• Reduced elasticity of conduit/ capacitance vessels

• Reduced number of pacing myocytes in sinoatrial node

Endocrine system

• Deterioration in pancreatic £-cell function

Renal system

• Loss of nephrons

• Reduced glomerular filtration ratę

• Reduced tubular function

Gastrointestinal system

• Reduced motility

Bones

• Reduced bonę minerał density

CNS

• Increased risk of organie confusion

• Presbyacusis/high-tone hearing loss

• Presbyopia/abnormal near vision

• Cataract

• Muscle weakness and wasting

• Reduced position and vibration sense

Respiratory system

• Reduced vital capacity and peak expiratory flow

• Increased residual votume

• Reduced inspiratory reserve volume

• Reduced arterial oxygen saturation

• Increased risk of infection

Cardiovascular system

• Reduced exercise tolerance

• Widened aortic arch on X-ray

• Widened pulse pressure

• Increased risk of postural hypotension

• Increased risk of atrial fibrillation

Endocrine system

• Increased risk of impaired glucose tolerance

Renal system

• Impaired fluid balance

• Increased risk of dehydration/overload

• Impaired drug metabolism and excretion

Gastrointestinal system

• Constipation

Bones

• Increased risk of osteoporobc fracture

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