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NOMENCLATURE
+ or # = raise 1/2 step - or b = lower 1/2 step H = Half step W = Whole step
Because jazz players, composers, educators and authors haven’t agreed on a common nomenclature for writing chord and scalę symbols, the novice will have to become familiar with several different ways of writing the same scalę sound.
Listed below are the most common symbols in order of usage—most-used to least-used. The symbol that is boldface is the one l use most often. Notice that throughout this book you will see CA and C to designate a major chord/scale sound. I am doing this so you can begin to get better acquainted with various nomenclature.
A = major scale/chord or major seventh (CA). A (7) after a letter means to lower the 7th notę of the scalę, making it a Dominant 7th quality (C7). A dash (-) when located beside a letter means to lower the third and seventh of the scalę 1/2 step, thus making it a minor tonality (Dorian minor) (C-), 0 means half-diminished (C0). C-A means a minor scale/chord with a major 7th. -3 means 3 half-steps (a minor 3rd).
|
CHORD/SCALE TYPE |
ABBREYIATED CHORD/SCALE SYMBOL | |||
|
♦ MAJOR (lonian) (WWHWWWH) CDEFGABC |
IC CAI Cmaj. Cma, Cma7, Cmaj7. CM, CM7, Cmaj9, Cmaj13 | |||
|
♦ DOMINANT SEVENTH (Mixoiydian) (WWHWWHW) 5th modę of Maior CDEFGABbC |
[C7~i C9, C11.C13 | |||
|
♦ MINOR SEN/ENTH (Dorian) (WHWWWHW) 2nd modę of Maior C D Eb F G Ą Bb C |
[cTj C-7, Cmi, Cmi7, Cm7, Cmin, Cmin7, Cm9, Cm11, Cm13 | |||
|
LYDIAN (Major scalę with #4) (WWWHWWH) 4th modę of Major COEF#GA8C |
|CA+4] Cmaj+4, CM+4. CA+11, CAb5, Cmajb5 | |||
|
♦ HALF-DIMINISHED (Locrian) (HWWHWWW) 7th modę of Major C Ob Eb F Gb Ab Bb C |
fC0l Cmi7(b5). C-7b5 | |||
|
HALF-DIMINiSHED #2 (Locrian #2) (WHWHWWW) 6th modę of Melodie Minor C D Eb F Gb Ab 8b C |
|C0#2| C0+2, C09 | |||
|
DIMINISHED (WHWHWHWH) C D Eb F Gb Ab A B C |
R3 Cdim. Ć°7, Cdim7, C69 | |||
|
LYDIAN DOMINANT (Oom. 7th with #4) (WWWHWHW) 4th modę of Melodie Minor C D E F# G A Bb C— |
|C7+4| C7+11, C7b5, C9+11. C13+11 | |||
|
WHOLE-TONE (WWWWWW) C D E F# G# 8b C |
--, +4 IĆ7+1 C7aug. C7+5, C7+5 | |||
|
nnMINANT RFVFNTH Usina a Oim. Scalę (HWHWHWHW) C Db Eb £ F# G A Bb C |
[C7b9| C7b9+4, C13b9+11 | |||
|
DIMINISHED WHOLE-TONE (Altered scalę} (HWHWWWW) |
_, +9+5 +9b13 IĆ7+91 C7alt, C7b9+4, C7b9+11 | |||
|
LYDIAN AUGMENTED (Major with U & #5) (VWWWVHWH) 3rd modę of Melodie minor C 0 E F# G# ABC |
CA |
*5 +4 |
CA+5 | |
|
MELODIO MINOR (ascending only) (WHWWWWH) CDEbFGABC |
|C-i |
Cmin(maj7), CmiA, C-A(Melodic). Cm6 | ||
|
HARMONIO MINOR (WHWWH-3H) C D Eb F G Ab B C |
C-Ai CmiA, C-A(Har), C-Ab6 | |||
|
SUSPENDED 4th (W-3WWHW) or (WWHWWHW) r. DFGABbC CDE F G A 8b C |
ę |
G-7, C7sus4, C7sus, C4, C11 C | ||
|
♦ BLUES SCALĘ (use at playeris discretion) (-3WHH-3W) (1, b3, 4, #4, 5, b7, 1) C Eb F Fit G Bb C |
(There is no chord symbol for the Blues scalę) Used mostly with dominant and minor chords | |||
* These are the most common chord/scaies in Western musie.
I believe In a reduced chord/scale notation that allows our creative side, our natural side (right brain function) to have direction and guidance without feeling inhibited or limited.
When we speak of “quality” we mean whether it is Major, Minor, Dim., or whatever.
I have tried to standardize the chord/scale symbol notation in my books. Since some have been out many years there are instances where I may have used a different chord symbol in one book than I used in this one.
I feel the improvisor needs as littie notation as possible in order to transcend the actual nomenclature on the page. The morę numbers, letters and alterations that appear on the page, the less chance they will have to remove their thoughts from the written page and expresswhatis being heard in their mind. Thatis why I preferC, C7.C-, C0, C7+9, C7b9. Remember, we are playing a musie called jazz, and it contains many altered tones. Once we leam the various alterations and their corresponding abbreviated chord symbol, why keep writing all the alterations beside the chord symbol? Check out carefuily
the Scalę Syllabus! Listen to Volume 26 The Scalę Syilabus."
Remember. 2ncTs are the same as 9th's, 4th‘s are the same as 11th’s, 13th’s are the same as 6th’s. Example: Key of C... the 2nd, D, is the same as the 9th, D. Often a composer will simply write their preferred name of the scalę beside the chord symbol, such as Eb-A (melodie minor), F- (phrygian), F-(phry).
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