42153 Obraz12 (6)

OAeHeii, KaćaHbH kanich h TpyÓMaTbie koctm iitmu. Koctb h por k&k MaTepnaa AAH H3AeAHił KaHecTBeHHO paaAHMHbi. FIpocTaH KOCTb — TBepAa h ynpyra:^B por — 6oAee bhbok h ynpyr, xopomo peraercH b cwpoM bha©-

Ąjifl BbIKCHeHHH npweMOB OÓpaÓOTKH KOCTH H pora OCOÓeHHO Ba^KHbl nOAy-(paópHKaTw; ohh nacTo BCTpenaAHCb na ropoAHujax. Xoth KocTb h por (xaK noicaaaAif HaÓAioACHHH HaA hsacahhmh H3 hhx) oGpaóaTNBaAHCb oahhm opy-AHeM, pa3AH*me cTpyKTypw oóycAOBHAo ocoóchhocth oópaóoTKH KajKAoro H3 9THX BHAOB CbipbH. B KOCTHOH TK&HH COAepłKHTCH HBBeCTHblH IipOIjeHT HCHpa, HaAiiHHe Koroporo npn AOAroM xpaireHHH kocth Bbi3biBaer npouecc rmiemui,⁷ BbipaMtafoiniiHCH b noBBAemm Ha noBepxHOCTH kocth nflTeH. DosTOMy nepeA ynoTpeÓAeHiieM koctb noABepraiOT npeABapHTeAbHOMy oóeajKiipHBaHHio.⁸ Ilpn-Mbix AaHHbIX, rOBOpBlipiX 06 o6e3JKHpHBaHHH KOCTH y AbflKOBIjeB, Her, HO HCKOTOpbie KOCBCHIlbie AaHHbie n03BOAJIK)T yTBep»AaTb STO. ripOCMOTp rOTOBblX H3ACAHH y6e2KAaeT liac B TOM, HTO AAH ÓOAbUIHHCTBa HX HCIIOAb30B8AHCb TOAbKO Te HaCTH KOCTH, KOTOphlC HaHMCHee ÓOraTbl JKHpOM. FyÓHaTbie 3IIH(pH-3bi, 6oAbiue Bcero GOAepmaupie KHp, Kan npaBHAO, He HcnoAbsoBaAHCb. Hx npeABapHTeAbHO yAaAHAH (pHC. 1), H TOAbKO AAH H0KOTOpbIX npCAMCTOB (AO-AOTbH H BC6B03M02KIHbie lUHAbH H OCTpHJl) OHH COXpaHHAHCb B K&HOCTBe pyiKO-HTOK. ⁹ B paóory UIAH TAaBHNM OÓpaSOM KOCTH JKHBOTHbIX, MHCO KOTOpbIX

Hcn0Ab30BaA0Cb b imiijy. B npoijecce śapKH jihiuh kocth b Kanon-To Mepe OdeSHlHpHBaAHCb.

^aAbHefimaH oópaóoTKa kocth BeAacb b 3ćibhchmocth ot pOAa H3roTOBAHe-MOTO H3 HHX H3ACAHH. ^AH IJHAHHApHHeCKHX npeAMCTOB HCIT0Ab30BaAHCb Tpy6-

HaTbie KOCTH-IIHCTHbie H IIAIOCHeBbie, CyCTaBbI KOTOpbIX HaHMeHee MaCCHBHbl,

a noBepxHOCTb TpyónaTOH Hacra pOBHee. YAaAeHHe cycraBOB npoH3BOAHAOCb AByMH cnocoóaMH — cpeśoM hah ckoaom. ¹⁰ B nepBOM CAynae ynorpeÓAHACH HO W, OCTaBAHBHIIIH Ha IIOBepXHOCTH CACAbl B BHAC He6oAbUIHX y3KHX CpeSOB — (paceTOK, bo BTOpoM — Tonop, ot MeHee ocrporo a€3bhh Koroporo noAynaAacb rpyóan BMHTHiia kocthhoh ncaHH. H b tom h b ApyroM cAynae kohijm TpyóoK OCTaBaAHCb HepOBHblMH, a 3areM BbipaBHHBaAHCb HOHCOM, HO H 3TO He AaBBAO aÓCOAIOTHOH pOBHOCTH KpaH, KOTOpaH AOCTliraAaCb, KaK yAaAOCb ycraHOBHTb onbiTHbiM nyreM, AHmb oiah^obkoh Ha necnaHHKOBbix fiaiitkqx c noACbinKOH MOKporo necKa. IlpneM crAantHBaHHH cpe30B 3aniAH<pOBKOH BCTpenaACH euje b naAeoAHTe h HeoAHTe, ¹ KorAa iiiAiNpoBaAH He TOAbKO cpe3, ho nacro h bcio IK>BepXHOCTb H3ACAKH. B AbHKOBCKHH nepHOA IHAHCpOBKa BCTpenaeTCH BBaHH-

TCAbHo peace. YnorpeóAeHHe HteAesHoro Hoaca npn oópaóonce ycKopHAo npo-ijecc ee, BwrecHHB iiohth noAHOCTbio iiiAHfpOBKy; Tenepb mAH(])OBaAcn TOAbKO paÓOHHH KpaH OTACAbHbIX OpyAHH (itOMeil, HTA, CTpyTOB). ĄaX nAOCKHX H3AC-AHH H3rOTOBAHAH HAaCTHHbl (IipeABapHTeAbHO pa36llBaH BbipOBHeHHyiO CTCCbl-BaHHCM KocTb) BAOAb boaokoh, npimeM cycTaBbi yABAHAHCb ywe nocAe pacxa-AblBaHHH KOCTH.

Ha nOBepXHOCTH rOTOBbIX He3aKOHH6HHbIX H3ACAHH IIOCTOHHHO H#(5aIÓA&K>T-ch MeAKHe napaAAeAbHbie uiTpnxH, HAy%He oóbiHHo b nonepeHHDM naripaBAcumi (pHC. 2). OnbrraMH yAaAOCb onpeACAHTb, hto ohh noAynaAHCb npn cko6achhh J    KOCTH hohcom.

Bbime Mbl rOBOpHAH, HTO KOCTb pesaAH. Ho IipOgeCC 3TOT OHeHb TpyAO-eMOK. rAyÓHHa. Ha Koropyio bxoaht caMoe ocTpoe Ae3BHe Honca b KOCTHyio TKaHb, He noeBumaer 2—3 mm. Kuk Hce Bce-TawM

’ n. ® AOpeHCK H 2. KoCTb, T3, T. XI, CTp. 125.

⁶    M. M. repacHMOB. YKaa. coq., CTp. 70.

⁷    n. (D a o p e h c k h h. YKaa. co*i., t. XI, crp. 123—124.

⁸    B. M. 3 y 6 a k h h. Yxaa. coq., CTp. 20.

⁹ Koaa. FUM (Ct. KauiHpcKoe ropoAHige; ^(bHKOBo h Ap.).

" Koaa. IT1M (Ct. KamHpCKoe ropoAHige; ^bflKOBO, Ory6cKoe h Ap.).

* liAAlk I MM ^vrnrvaunua TTT

PHC. 1. KocTHHbie H846AHH

/ — KocTb c yABAOiiHbiH cy ctouom; 2 — por co urrpaiaMi ot cbo6aohhh hokom ho rioncpiuocTH; 3 — KOCTb e ycTyn<iaTUMH cpeaaun ot peabfita n cyiOM miflo (/-J— CTtpoit Kamnpcicoe rnpoAinjje); 4 — por, o6pa6oTBii-Hbitt hoboii (a — ropoAHijio /{yua 6ahs rop. Anamiat 6 — Grapmee KauiiipcKoc ropojiaige); 5 — pyKoaraa, o6pa6oTauuan iiohoh (ropoAHijje rpcManee); 6 — o6paa|jM o6twBol poab6u Abiioayti (o — ropo^aigt ^JbHKoao;

6 — CTopuieo KannipcKoe ropoARijje);

2 Kp&TKne cooOinennn IiHMK, nun. XXX

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