5 (1207)
Kostrzyn Castle
First mentions of the Kostrzyn castle can be found in written sources dated from 1323. During the war over Margraviate of Brandenburg in 1321, there was a clash at the estuary of Warta to Odra River and a smali castle and town in the vicinity were destroyed.
Apart from the fact that the castle appeared in documents not earlier than in the beginning of 30s of 14 century, we know that the Kostrzyn fastness had been erected at the confluence of Warta and Odra rivers much, much earlier.
In 1452, the castle passed to hands of Margraves of Brandeburg of Hohenzollern dynasty. The Teutonic Order, being at war with a king of Poland, was in need for money. That was why, in 1455, it sold the whole New Margraviate (with the Kostrzyn castle) to Margraves of Brandeburg from the House of Hohenzollern.
About 1535, under rule of the margrave Jan of Kostrzyn, the castle was transformed into the renaissance duke's residence. Jan of Kostrzyn, the sovereign of the New Margraviate, chose the town of Kostrzyn as the Capital and madę the castle a centre of duke's administration. To make the ancient structure matching for new tasks, it was rebuilt to the backbone and adomed.
Over 1540 1550, the castle faęade was covered with wali painting (sgrafito), presenting mythological scenes. Before 1598, the castle was provided with a copper roof. In those times, also a roofed corridor existed, resting on two pillars and joining the highest castle floor with a nearby church.
Despite rapid rebuilding and transforming into the renaissance residence, the castle did not lose its defense ąuality. When residences of many sovereigns and magnates of contemporary Europę were being rebuilt in the “pałace in a fortress” style, the Kostrzyn castle was a mini-fortress itself.
After subsequent rebuilding carried out in 1600 and adding a fourth wing, the Castle, erected on a plan of irregular tetragon, received a spacious courtyard and four cylindrical comer towers. Rebuilding was carried out according to plans being ascribed either to Francesco Chiaramelli or Hans Schenck-Schensslich.
The castle was a scene for one of the biggest European religious war. In the first period of the thirty-year war (1618-1648), in 1620, the castle became a shelter for escaping from Czech the Quinn Elizabeth. She was the wife of the defeated “Winter King” of Czech, the Palatinate elector Frederick V.
Fates of one of most outstanding personalities of Polish baroque weaved itself into the castle history. In the 17 century, Adam Jarzebski the violinist, composer, writer and architect was giving concerts in rooms of the Kostrzyn residence. Bom about 1590 in Warka, in 1612 hejoined, as the violinist, a band of musicians maintained by the elector of Brandebnburg. He performed together with the band in numerous German towns, in this in Kostrzyn, Berlin and Konigsberg. He engraved his name in the history of Kostrzyn with the fact that he composed the “Kustrinella” the baroque composition (canzone) dedicated to the town.
From most interesting “guests” of the castle dungeon, at least the Earl Caetano di Ruggiero is worth mentioning. The famous alchemist was thrown into prison by the Elector Frederic III (the later King of Prussia Fredrick I; mling over 1688-1701 as the Elector of Prussia and over 1701-1713 as the King of Prussia), and the reason for this imprisonment was a promise, imprudently madę by Ruggiero, to convert a common metal into gold. He promised to produce 6 millions of golden thalers. Fredrick I arranged a workshop for the earl Ruggiero in the castle basement and took care of everything to be available to him. The earl, however, did not discover a philosopher's stone and thus he failed to produce the promised gold and trying to save his own skin, he undertook an attempt to escape.
The attempt to swindle the sovereign of Prussia found its tragic end Frederic I did not have a sense of humor and treated the life very seriously. On August 23, 1709, on the strength of the king's order, the earl Caetano di Ruggiero was hanged on the specially prepared for him, gilded halter.
At the beginning of the 19 century, during Napoleonie Wars, after surrendering Kostrzyn to the French army (1806), the castle was transformed into a military hospital. The hospital existed until Napoleon's defeat and return of Kostrzyn to Prussia (1814).
Since 1814, the castle was used as military barracks. Called the “military barracks”, it was a quarter of a part of Kostrzyn'sgarrisonover 130 years until April 1945.
In 1903, the characteristic, known from old view cards, monument of Fredrick Wilhelm was erected on the castle courtyard. The Great Elector was presented in this monument as a youngster with a dog accompanying to him. The granite plinth is present in the center of the castle courtyard until today.
During the World War II, sharing the fate of the whole town of Kostrzyn, the castle was destroyed and its bumt out fragments were ultimately blown up and demolished in late 60s of the 20 century. Only ground floor mins with retained fragments of a stone floor and stairs leading to nowhere have survived until now.
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