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Blejwas - American Polonia and Września

The Polish Roman Catholic clergy, through the Executive Committee of the Second Polish Catholic Congress, tried to persuade the American bishops of the seriousness of the threat of schism. The independent movement disrupted parish life and a reported 50,000 individuals had apostatized. Moreover, the “heretics and schismatics” tried to manipulate “our good but simple-minded people” with accusations against the bishops. The schismatics accused the bishops of having “no use whatever for the poor and ignorant Poles” and of being “bent upon wiping out the Polish Nationality in this country”. The independents argued that because the bishops lacked charity and justice in dealing with the Poles, believers were not obliged to obey them. They also invoked the absence of Poles in the Roman Catholic hierarchy and argued that that was “because the Irish and German Bishops object to it, because they consider the Poles unfit for such a dignity”. While loyal clergy have responded by encouraging higher education and the unification of the faithful in societies, “the schismatics have the popular side of the affair” because of the absence of Polish bishops. The Polish Roman Catholic clergy stand accused by their critics of “treason to their nation when holding allegiance to Irish and German bishops”.²⁰

To deprive the schismatics of a key argument, the Executive Committee did not suggest “a national bishop for all the Poles of this country, or exclusively for them anywhere”. However, there were dioceses “in which the Polish language could be effectually employed”, where “the appointment of men, speaking Polish, to various auxiliaries would be very salutary”. The petitioners concluded that naming Polish auxiliary bishops “would work wonders towards forestalling the movement of ‘Away from Romę’.”²¹

Polish representation in the American Roman Catholic episcopate was only achieved in 1908 with the installation of Reverend Paweł Rhode as auxiliary bishop Chicago. Rhode’s appointment helped to resolve the struggle between the religionist and nationalist factions in the Polish American community although it did not bring the PNCC back to Romę. Still, with Rhode’s appointment American Catholicism recognized that one could, as Victor Greene observed, “be both Catholic and Polish”. It was a signal to “American Polonia that Catholic Poles could also be Polish Catholics”.²²

The Second Polish Catholic Congress also adopted resolutions on education and relations with the homeland. The School Committee recommended the establishment of a body to oversee Polish schools and to establish a plan and unified curriculum for Polish schools. The Committee also recommended that Polish children studying at „non-Polish institutions of higher education” [innonarodowych wyższych szkołach] receive support so that “the largest possible Polish intelligentsia be created” [jak najwięcej wytworzyć inteligencji polskiej]. The Commission on Relations with the Old Country [Wydział Nawiązania Stosunków ze Starym Krajem] recommended the establishment of a body „to defend the good name of American Polonia, about which [our] brother countrymen beyond the ocean are erroneously informed, receiving and propagating erroneous and harmful information” [któraby stała na straży dobrego imienia Polonji

²⁰ The text of this November 21, 1901 appeal is published in Kruszka, 1,441 - 44.

²¹ Ibid, 443.

²² Victor Greene, For God and Country. The Rise of Polish and Lilhuanian Ethnic Consciousness in America, 1860 -1910 (Madison, WI: The State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1975), 142.