16
how to teach
your baby
We mothers are the potters
and our children the clay.
-WINIFRED SACKVILLE STONER,
Natural Education
Most sets of instructions begin by saying that unless they are
followed precisely, they won't work.
In contrast, it is almost safe to say that no matter how poorly you
expose your baby to reading, encyclopedic knowledge or mathematics
he is almost sure to learn more than he would if you hadn't done it; so
this is one game which you will win to some degree no matter how
badly you play it. You would have to do it
196 HOW TO MULTIPLY YOUR BABY S INTELLIGENCE
How to Teach Your Baby Geniuses 197
6. The child before five can learn anything that you can teach in an
incredibly badly to produce no result.
honest and factual and joyous way and wants to learn anything that is
Nonetheless, the more cleverly you play the game of teaching your
taught in that way.
tiny child the quicker and the better your child will learn.
Let's review the cardinal points to remember about the child himself 7. All tiny children are linguistic geniuses.
before discussing how to teach him.
8. The child before five learns an entire language and can learn as many
1. By the age of five a child can easily absorb tremendous amounts of
languages as are presented to him.
information. If he is younger than five it will be easier. If the child is
This book covers three major areas of intellectual growth and
younger than four it will be even easier and more effective, before
development: reading, encyclopedic knowledge and mathematics.
three even easier and much more effective and before two is the easiest
The first area is reading and of the three it is by far the most
and most effective of all.
important. Reading is one of the highest functions of the human
2. The child before five can accept information at a remarkable rate.
brain of all creatures on earth, only humans can read.
3. The more information a child absorbs before the age of five, the
Reading is one of the most important functions in life, since
more he retains.
virtually all formal learning is based on the ability to read.
You should begin with reading. Once you have been doing a good
4. The child before five has a tremendous amount of energy.
consistent reading program for a while then you should begin your
encyclopedic knowledge program.
5. The child before five has a monumental desire to learn.
All human intelligence is based upon facts which constitute human
knowledge. Without facts there can be no intelligence.
198 HOW TO MULTIPLY YOUR BABY S INTELLIGENCE
How to Teach Your Baby 199
teaching to help you to succeed.
You should begin your encyclopedic knowledge program by
evolution using several categories of Bit of Intelligence cards. When
At What Age to Begin
this is going well and you are feeling restless to begin a new area then
you begin your mathematics program.
As you will see, mathematics is really a natural subdivision of any
You can really begin the process of teaching your baby right from
good comprehensive program since you begin with mathematical Bit of
birth. After all, we speak to the baby at birth this grows the auditory
Intelligence cards the dot cards.
pathway. We can also provide the same information to the visual
The purpose of this chapter is to outline the basic principles of good
pathway by teaching him to read using reading cards, teaching him
teaching. These principles apply to reading, encyclopedic knowledge :
encyclopedic knowledge using Bit of Intelligence cards or teaching him
and mathematics, as well as to anything else you may wish to teach
to recognize quantities in mathematics using dot cards. All of these
your child.
things grow the visual pathway substantially.
We are so much a product of our own educations that sometimes in
There are two vital points involved in teaching your child.
teaching our children we unwittingly make the same mistakes that were
the cause of so much suffering for us.
1. Your attitude and approach.
Schools often arrange for children to fail. We can all remember the
2. The size and orderliness of the teaching materials.
big red X's on all the wrong answers. Correct answers often received
no mention at all. Tests were often given with the intention of exposing
our ignorance rather than discovering our knowledge.
Parent Attitude and Approach
In order to enjoy the unalloyed thrill of teaching your tiny child, it is
best to begin with a clean slate.
If teaching your child appeals to you, then go ahead and plunge in.
Here are the guidelines the basics of good
Take your phone off the hook and put a sign on your front door that
200 HOW TO MULTIPLY YOUR BABY S INTELLIGENCE
Geniuses-Not Too Many But Too Few 201
reads "Silence Professional Mother At Work Do Not Disturb."
The parent must never forget that learning is life's most exciting
If you want to become a professional mother, you will be joining the
game it is not work. Learning is a reward; it is not a punishment.
oldest and most venerable profession in the world. If you believe it is a
Learning is a pleasure; it is not a chore. Learning is a privilege; it is not
privilege to teach your child, you should avail yourself of that
denial. The parent must always remember this and
privilege.
must never do anything to destroy this natural attitude in the child.
There is a fail-safe law you must never forget. It is this: If you aren 't
If you do not like the idea of teaching your child, indeed, if there is
having a wonderful time and your child isn't having a wonderful time
anything about it that feels like a duty, please don't do it.
stop! You are doing something wrong.
It will not work. You won't like it. Your child won't like it. This isn't
Relax and enjoy yourself. This is the greatest game there is. The fact
for everyone.
that it results in important changes in your child should not make it
Learning is the greatest adventure of life. Learning is desirable, vital,
"serious" for you. You and your child have nothing to lose and
unavoidable and, above all, life's greatest and most stimulating game.
everything to gain.
The child believes this and will always believe this unless we
As your child's teacher, you should make sure that you eat and
persuade him that it isn't true.
sleep enough to be relaxed and enjoy yourself. Being tense is usually
The primary rule is that both parent and child must joyously
a result of fatigue, disorganization, or of not having
approach learning as the superb game that it is.
Those educators and psychologists who say that we must not teach a complete understanding of why you are doing what you are doing,
All of these things are easily remedied and should be if you are not
tiny children lest we steal their precious childhood by inflicting
enjoying yourself.
learning upon them tell us nothing about a child's attitude toward
For your child's sake you may have to become a bit more
learning but they certainly tell us a great deal about what they
conscientious about your own well-being than you might have been
themselves feel about learning.
before.
202 HOW TO MULTIPLY YOUR BABY S INTELLIGENCE
How to Teach Your Baby 203
Respect and Trust
When you have begun your program you should garnish your hard
work with the absolute trust that your child has absorbed what you
Your child trusts you, often completely and absolutely. have given him.
Of course he knows what you have told him and shown him. You
Return that trust.
Your child will sense your respect and trust in your attitude, manner
have gone to some considerable effort to make everything that you
and actions.
teach him nice and clear, and precise, and discrete and non-ambiguous.
He wants to learn more than he wants anything in the world.
What else could he do but know it? It is all so simple for him.
Give your child the opportunity to learn as a privilege that he has
earned.
When in Doubt Bet on Your Child.
The things that you are teaching your child are precious.
Knowledge is not valuable; it is invaluable.
If you do you will always be a winner and, what is even more
Once a mother asked us, "Should I give my child a kiss after I have
important, so will he.
taught him something?"
The whole world is betting against the little child betting that he
Of course a mother should kiss her child as often as she likes the
doesn't understand, betting that he doesn't remember, betting that he
more the better. But the question was a little like asking, "Should I give
doesn't "get it." Your child doesn't need one more person on that team!
him a kiss after I kiss him?"
Teaching your child is another kind of kiss.
Now you have another way of showing the most profound form of
Always Tell Your Child the Truth.
affection respect.
Your child was born thinking that everything that you say is the truth.
Each time you teach your child, the spirit with which you do so
Never give him any reason to revise his thinking on that subject.
should be that of a kiss or a hug.
Your teaching is very much a part of everything you do with your
child. It begins when he wakes up and doesn't end until he is sound
asleep.
204 HOW TO MULTIPLY YOUR BABY S INTELLIGENCE
How to Teach Your Baby 205
Don't allow anyone else to give him anything less than the truth either.
Do Not Hesitate to Express Your Own Views.
The reason for this should be obvious.
Since you have infinite respect for your child, it is only right that your
child should return that respect. If you keep your word in all things and
You are his mother, and although he expects you to give him the
at all times he will respect you. If you do not he may love you but he
facts, he will also need and want your opinions as well.
will not respect you. What a shame it would be to deprive him of that
He will quickly understand when you are giving him hard facts and
joy.
when you are expressing your own viewpoint, as long as you
differentiate between the two.
It is worth remembering that you are not simply teaching your child
When Your Child Asks a Question Answer Honestly, Factually and
all that is worth knowing in this world, you are also teaching your
with Enthusiasm.
grandchildren's father or mother how to teach them.
Your child will quickly come to the conclusion that you have all the
It is a humbling thought.
answers. He will see you as a source of information. He is right. You
are the source of information for him.
The Best Time to Teach
When he trusts you with one of his brilliant and usually quite difficult-
to-answer questions, rise to the occasion. If you know the answer, give
Mother must never play this game unless she and her child are happy
it to him on the spot. Don't put him off if you can possibly avoid it.
and in good form. If a child is irritable, tired or hungry it is not a good
If you don't know the answer, tell him you don't know it. Then take the
time to do the program.
time to find the answer.
For tiny babies teething is often a time of pain and sleeplessness.
Never teach your child during such periods. It is a real mistake to think
you can teach anything to a human being who is sick, poorly rested, or
in pain. If your child is out of sorts find out what is bothering him and
handle it.
206 HOW TO MULTIPLY YOUR BABY S INTELLIGENCE
How to Teach Your Baby 207
The Best Duration
If mother is cranky or out of sorts, this is not a good time to do the
program.
Make sure that the length of time you play the game is very short. At
Every mother and child experience days when they are at odds or
first it will be played only a few times a day and each session will
things just don't seem to be going smoothly.
involve only a few seconds.
On a bad day it is best not to play the learning game at all. It is a wise
To determine when to end each session of learning, the parent should
mother who puts away her program on such days, recognizing full well
exercise great foresight.
that there are many more happy days than cranky ones and that the joy
Always stop before your child wants to stop. The parent must know
of learning will be enhanced by choosing the very best and happiest
what the child is thinking a little bit before the child knows it and must
moments to pursue it.
stop.
Always show less material than your child would like to see. Your
child should always consider that you are a little bit stingy with his
The Best Environment
program. There is never enough; consequently, he always wants more.
Provide an environment that is free from visual, auditory and tactile
All tiny children would, if permitted, glut themselves. This is why
distractions. Most households are not quiet places. However, it is
you get cries of "More!" and "Again!" This is a sure sign of success.
possible to decrease the level of chaos in your house and for the baby's
You will maintain your success by not giving in to these demands (at
sake it is wise to do so.
least not immediately).
Turn off the television, the radio, and the record player while you are
The tyranny of a tiny child can enter in here. When it does, remember
teaching. Make an area that is free from the visual chaos of toys,
you are the mother and as such the teacher of Bit of Intelligence cards
clothing and household clutter. This spot will become your major
and reading words, etc. Do not allow your child to set up the dynamics
teaching area.
of your program this is your responsibility. He will not decide
wisely you will.
208 HOW TO MULTIPLY YOUR BABY S INTELLIGENCE
How to Teach Your Baby 209
He is the best learner in the world but you are his best teacher.
children. There is no area where this is more painfully demonstrated
Promise to come back in five minutes. Ask him to complete
than the way adults teach little children.
something that needs doing first; then you can play the learning game
Generally we expect a child to sit and stare at his materials and to
again.
look as if he is concentrating on them. We actually expect him to look
If you always stop before your child wants to stop, he will beg you to
a bit unhappy in order to demonstrate that he is really learning.
play the learning game and you will be nurturing rather than destroying
But children don't think learning is painful, grown-ups do.
his natural desire to learn.
When you show your cards, do so as fast as you can. You will
become more and more expert at this as you do it. Practice a bit on
father until you feel comfortable.
The Manner of Teaching
It is absolutely vital to your success that you zoom through your
Whether a session consists of reading single words, Bit of
materials. Speed and enjoyment are inextricably linked in the learning
Intelligence cards or math cards, enthusiasm is the key. Do not be
process.
subtle with your tiny child.
Anything that speeds the process will raise enjoyment. Anything that
Use a nice, clear, loud voice infused with all the enthusiasm that you
slows it down will decrease enjoyment.
actually feel. It should be easy for your child to hear you and to feel
A slow session is a deadly session. It is an insult to the learning
your enthusiasm.
ability of a tiny child and will be interpreted as such by him.
If you have a quiet, unenthusiastic voice change it.
The materials are carefully designed to be large and clear so that you
Create enthusiasm in your voice and your child will absorb it like a
can show them very quickly and your child will see them easily.
sponge. Children love to learn and they do it very quickly. Therefore
Sometimes when a mother speeds up she is apt to become a bit
you must show your material very quickly. We adults do almost
mechanical and lose the
everything too slowly for
How to Teach Your Baby 211
210 HOW TO MULTIPLY YOUR BABY S INTELLIGENCE
Organization and Consistency
natural enthusiasm and "music" in her voice.
It is possible to maintain enthusiasm and good meaningful sound and
It is wise to organize yourself and your materials before you begin
go very quickly all simultaneously.
because once you begin you will want to establish a consistent
It is important that you do so.
program.
Your child's interest and enthusiasm for learning will be closely
Your enjoyment will be largely related to your level of organization.
related to three things.
A highly organized mother has a strong sense of purpose about what
she is doing. She knows exactly what she has done , how many times
1. The speed at which materials are shown;
she has done it, and when it is time to move on. She has a good supply
2. The amount of new material;
of new information ready and waiting whenever she needs it.
3. The joyous manner of mother.
Very fine would-be professional mothers sometimes fall by the
wayside only because they never take the time to sit down and get
The more speed, the more new material and the more joy the better.
themselves organized.
This point of speed, all by itself, can make the difference between a
What a tragedy this is, because if they did organize themselves, they
successful session and one that is too slow for your very eager, bright
would discover that they are fine teachers who are being held back by
child.
minor organizational problems.
Children don't stare they don't need to stare they absorb and they
A modest program done consistently and happily will be infinitely
do so instantly, like sponges.
more successful than an over-ambitious program that overwhelms
mother and therefore occurs very sporadically.
Introducing New Material An on-again-off-again program will not be effective. Seeing the
materials repeatedly but quickly is vital to mastering them. Your child's
It is wise at this point to talk about the rate at which each child enjoyment is derived from real knowledge and
should learn to read, or absorb encyclopedic knowledge, or recognize
pure quantity in mathematics or, for that matter, learn anything.
212 HOW TO MULTIPLY YOUR BABY S INTELLIGENCE
How to Teach Your Baby 213
you show the twenty-first fact or the two thousand and first fact. This
Always be willing to change your approach. Make each day new and
is where the secret of teaching very young children lies.
exciting. A tiny child changes every single day.
In the former case the effect of the introduction of the twenty-first
As information comes in at a tremendous rate, he uses that
fact (when a child has seen the first twenty ad infinitum and ad
information to put two and two together. This process is taking place
nauseum) will be to send him running in the opposite direction as fast
all day every day.
as possible.
Sometimes we get a glimpse of him doing something that he has
This is the basic principle that is followed in formal education. We
never done before. At other times we may have an insight into some
adults are experts on how deadly this approach can be. We lived
new way he has of looking at the world.
through twelve years of it.
Whether we are lucky enough to see it or not, his abilities literally
In the latter case the two thousand and first fact is eagerly awaited.
multiply daily.
The joy of discovery and learning something new is honored and the
Just as you are becoming comfortable with one way of teaching
natural curiosity and love of learning which is born in every child is fed
something, he is getting it all figured out and naturally wants
as it should be.
something fresh.
Unfortunately, one method closes the door on learning, sometimes
You and I like to find a nice cozy rut and stay in it for a while. Tiny
forever.
kids always want to move ahead.
Fortunately, the other opens the door wide and secures it against
When you say "Goodnight" to your child each evening you should
future attempts to close it.
say "Goodbye." He won't be the same tomorrow.
In fact your child will learn a great deal more than 50 percent of what
So when you have a nice routine that you like, you will probably
you teach to him.
have to toss all the cards up in the air and revamp for the "new kid"
It is more than likely that he will learn 80 to 100 percent.
who woke up this morning.
But if he only learned 50 percent because you offered him so much
he would be intellectually happy and healthy. And, after all, isn't that
the point?
214 HOW TO MULTIPLY YOUR BABY S INTELLIGENCE
How to Teach Your Baby 215
Organization and Consistency
this can best be accomplished with a program done daily.
However, sometimes it is necessary to put the program away for a
It is wise to organize yourself and your materials before you begin few days. This is no problem as long as it does not occur too often.
because once you begin you will want to establish a consistent Occasionally it may be vital to put it away for several weeks or even
program, months. For example, a new baby's arrival, moving, traveling or an
Your enjoyment will be largely related to your level of organization. A illness in the family cause major disruptions to any daily routine.
highly organized mother has a strong sense of purpose about what she During such upheavals it is best to put your program away completely.
is doing. She knows exactly what she has done , how many times she Use this time to read to your child from the classics or visit the zoo or
has done it, and when it is time to move on. She has a good supply of go to museums to see works of art you may already have taught at
new information ready and waiting whenever she -needs it. home.
Very fine would-be professional mothers sometimes fall by the Do not try to do a halfway program during these times. It will be
wayside only because they never take the time to sit down and get frustrating for you and your child. When you are ready to go back to a
themselves organized. consistent program start back exactly where you left off. Do not go
What a tragedy this is, because if they did organize themselves, they back and start over again.
would discover that they are fine teachers who are being held back by Whether you decide to do a modest program or an extensive
minor organizational problems. program, do whatever suits you consistently. You will see your child's
A modest program done consistently and happily will be infinitely enjoyment and confidence grow daily.
more successful than an over-ambitious program that overwhelms
mother and therefore occurs very sporadically.
Testing
An on-again-off-again program will not be effective. Seeing the
materials repeatedly but quickly is vital to mastering them. Your child's
We have said much about teaching but not much about testing.
enjoyment is derived from real knowledge and
How to Teach Your Baby 217
216 HOW TO MULTIPLY YOUR BABY S INTELLIGENCE
child and do not allow anyone else to do so either.
Our strongest advice on this subject is do not test your child. Babies
Well what is a mother to do? She does not want to test her child, she
love to learn but they hate to be tested. In that way they are very like
wants to teach him and give him every opportunity to experience the
grown-ups.
joy of learning and accomplishment.
Testing is the opposite of learning. It is full of stress.
Therefore, instead of testing her child she provides problem-solving
To teach a child is to give him a delightful gift.
opportunities.
To test him is to demand payment in advance. The more you test
The purpose of a problem-solving opportunity is for the child to be
him, the slower he will learn and the less he will want to.
able to demonstrate what he knows if he wishes to do so.
The less you test him, the quicker he will learn and the more he will
We will discuss different ways of presenting problem-solving
want to learn. Knowledge is the most precious gift you can give your
opportunities when we discuss how to teach your child to read, to gain
child. Give it as generously as you give him food. What is a test?
encyclopedic knowledge and to learn mathematics in the following
In essence it is an attempt to find out what the child doesn 't know. It
chapters.
is putting him on the spot by saying, "Can you tell the answer to your
father?"
It is essentially disrespectful of the child because he gets the notion Material Preparation
that we do not believe he can learn unless he proves that he can over
The materials used in teaching your child are simple. They are based
and over again.
on many years of work by a large team of child brain
The intention of the test is a negative one it is to expose what the
developmentalists who studied how the human brain grows and
child does not know.
functions. They are designed in recognition that learning is a brain
The result of testing is to decrease learning and the willingness to
function. They recognize the virtues and limitations of the tiny child's
learn. Do not test your
visual apparatus and are designed to meet all of his needs from visual
crudeness to
How to Teach Your Baby 219
218 HOW TO MULTIPLY YOUR BABY S INTELLIGENCE
Remember, you do not wish to bore the tiny child.
visual sophistication and from brain function to brain learning.
Be smart start ahead in material preparation and stay ahead. And if
All materials should be made on fairly stiff white poster board so that
for some reason you do get behind in preparing new materials, do not
they will stand up under the not-always-gentle handling they will
fill in the gap by showing the same old cards again. Stop your program
receive.
for a day or a week until you have reorganized and made new material,
Materials that are of poor quality, unclear, or so small that they are
then begin again where you left off.
difficult to see will not be learned easily. This will decrease the
Material preparation can be a lot of fun and should be. If you are
pleasure of teaching and learning.
preparing next month's materials, it will be. If you are preparing
Once you begin to teach your child you will find that your child goes
tomorrow morning's materials it will not be.
through new materials very quickly. No matter how often we
Start out ahead, stay ahead, stop and reorganize if you must, but don't
emphasize this point with parents, they are always astonished at how
show old materials over and over again.
quickly their children learn.
We discovered a long time ago that it is best to start out ahead. For
Summary: The Basics of Good Teaching
this reason, make a generous quantity of reading cards, Bit of
Intelligence cards and math cards before you begin. Then you will have
1. Begin as young as possible.
an adequate supply of new materials on hand and ready to use. If you
2. Be Joyous at all times.
do not do this, you will find yourself constantly behind.
3. Respect and trust your child.
The temptation to keep showing the same old cards over and over
4. Teach only when you and your child are happy.
again looms large. If mother succumbs to this temptation it spells
5. Create a good learning environment.
disaster for her program. The one mistake a child will not tolerate is to
6. Stop before your child wants to stop.
be shown the same materials over and over again long after they should
7. Introduce new materials often.
have been retired.
8. Be organized and consistent.
220 HOW TO MULTIPLY YOUR BABY S INTELLIGENCE
17
9. Do not test your child
how to teach
10. Prepare your materials carefully and stay ahead.
your baby
11. Remember the Fail-Safe Law:
to read
If you aren't having a wonderful time and your child isn't having a
wonderful time stop. You are doing something wrong.
One day not long ago I found her on the
living room floor thumbing through a French
book. She simply told me, "Well, Mummy,
I've read all the English books in the house. "
 MRS. GILCHRIST, News-week (13 MAY, 1963)
Very young children can and do learn to read words, sentences and
paragraphs in exactly the same way they learn to understand spoken
words, sentences and paragraphs.
Again the facts are simple beautiful but simple. The eye sees but
does not understand what is seen. The ear hears but does not
understand what is heard.
Only the brain understands. When the ear hears a spoken word or
message,
How to Teach Your Baby to Read 223
222 HOW TO MULTIPLY YOUR BABY S INTELLIGENCE
read are simple. All materials should be made on fairly stiff white
this message is broken down into a series of electrochemical
cardboard so that they will
impulses and flashed to the unhearing brain, which then comprehends
stand up under the not-always-gentle handling they will receive.
in terms of the meaning the word was intended to convey.
You will need a good supply of white poster board cut into 4" x 24"
In the same manner it happens that when the eye sees a printed word
strips. If possible purchase these already cut to the size you want. This
or message, this message is broken down into a series of electro- will save you a lot of cutting, which is much more time consuming
chemical impulses and flashed to a brain which understands but does
than writing words.
not "see." It is a magical instrument, the brain. Both the visual pathway
You will also need a large red felt-tipped marker. Get the widest tip
and the auditory pathway travel through the brain where both messages
available. The fatter the marker, the better.
are interpreted by the same brain process.
Now write each reading word to be taught on a white poster board
If for any reason a child could be given only a single ability, that
strip. Make the letters 3" high. Use lowercase letters except in the case
single ability should, without any question, be reading.
of a proper noun, which of course always begins with a capital letter.
It is the basis for virtually all formal learning and a large part of
Otherwise you will always use lowercase lettering, since this is the way
informal learning. This chapter will cover the basics of how to teach
words appear in books.
your baby to read. Parents who wish to have more information about
Make certain your letters are very bold. They should be
the principles of early reading are advised to read the book How To
approximately 1/2" wide or wider. This intensity is important to help
Teach Your Baby To Read.
make it easier for your child to see the word.
Make your lettering neat and clear. Use print, never cursive writing.
Material Preparation
Make sure you place the word on the card so that there is a border of
1/2" all around the word. This will give you space for your fingers
when you hold up the card.
The materials used in teaching your child to
How to Teach Your Baby to Read 225
224 HOW TO MULTIPLY YOUR BABY S INTELLIGENCE
The large letters are used initially for the simple reason that they are
most easily seen. They are red because red attracts a small child. To
4
3
mommy start out you may find it simpler to buy a ready-made kit. The How To
Teach Your Baby to Read Kit may be obtained by writing to the Better
24
Baby Press.
Once you begin to teach your child to read you will find that your
Sometimes mothers get fancy and use stencils to make their cards.
child goes through new material very quickly. As we will repeat this
This makes beautiful reading cards; however, the time involved is
point throughout this book, parents are always astonished at how
prohibitive.
quickly their children learn.
Your time is precious.
We discovered a long time ago that it is best to start out ahead. Make
Mothers have to budget time more carefully than members of almost
at least 200 words before you begin to teach your child. Then you will
any other profession. You need to develop a fast, efficient means of
have an adequate supply of new material on hand and ready to use.
making your reading cards because you are going to need a lot of them.
If you do not do this, you will find yourself constantly behind. The
Neatness and legibility are far more important than perfection. Often
temptation\o keep showing the same old words over and over again
mothers find that fathers make very nice cards and appreciate having a
looms large. If mother succumbs to this temptation it spells disaster for
hand in the reading program.
her reading program.
Be consistent about how you print. Again your child needs the visual
The one mistake a child will not tolerate is to be shown the same
information to be consistent and reliable. This helps him enormously.
material over and over again after it should long since have been
The materials begin with large red lower-case letters and
retired.
progressively change to normal-size black lower-case letters. This is
because tiny children have immature visual pathways. The print size of
Be smart start ahead in material preparation and stay ahead. And
the materials needs to decrease gradually so that the visual pathway
if for some reason you do get behind in preparing new materials, do
may mature through stimulation and use.
How to Teach Your Baby to Read 227
226 HOW TO MULTIPLY YOUR BABY S INTELLIGENCE
If you aren't having a wonderful time and your child isn't having a
wonderful time stop. You are doing something wrong.
not fill in the gap by showing the same old words again.
Stop your program for a day or a week until you have reorganized
and made new material, then begin again where you left off.
THE READING PATHWAY
Material preparation can be a lot of fun and should be. If you are
preparing tomorrow morning's materials it will not be.
The path that you will now follow in order to teach your child is
Start out ahead, stay ahead, stop and reorganize if you must, but don't amazingly simple and easy. Whether you are beginning with an infant
or a four-year-old the path is essentially the same.
show old materials over and over again.
The steps of that path are as follows:
Let's take a brief look again at the principles of good teaching:
Summary: The Basics of Good Teaching
Step One Single words
Step Two Couplets
1. Begin as young as possible.
Step Three Phrases
2. Be joyous at all times.
Step Four Sentences
3. Respect and trust your child.
Step Five Books.
4. Teach only when you and your child are happy.
5. Create a good learning environment.
6. Stop before your child wants to stop.
STEP ONE (Single Words)
7. Introduce new materials often.
The first step in teaching your child to read begins with the use of
8. Be organized and consistent.
just fifteen words. When your child has learned these fifteen words he
9. Do not test your child
is ready to progress to the vocabularies themselves.
10. Prepare your materials carefully and stay ahead.
Begin at a time of day when the child is receptive, rested and in a
11. Remember the Fail-Safe Law:
good mood.
Use a part of the house that has as few distracting factors as possible,
in both an auditory
228 HOW TO MULTIPLY YOUR BABY S INTELLIGENCE
How to Teach Your Baby to Read 229
and visual sense; for instance, do not have the radio playing, and
avoid other sources of noise. Use a corner of a room which does not
the day, just like the first set, making a total of six sessions.
have a great deal of furniture, pictures or other objects which might
At the end of each session tell your child he is very good and very
distract the child's vision.
bright. Tell your child that you are very proud of him. Tell him that
Now simply hold up the word mommy, just beyond his reach, and say
you love him very much. It is wise to hug him and to express your love
to him clearly, "This says 'Mommy.'"
for him physically.
Give the child no more description and do not elaborate. Permit him
Do not bribe him or reward him with cookies, candy or the like. At
to see it for no more than one second.
the rate he will be learning in a very short time, you will not be able to
Next, hold up the word daddy and say, "This says 'Daddy'"
afford enough cookies from a financial standpoint, and he will not be
Show three other words in precisely the same way as you have the
able to take them from a health standpoint. Besides, cookies are a
first two. Do not ask your child to repeat the words as you go along.
meager reward for such a major accomplishment compared with love
After the fifth word, give your child a huge hug and kiss and display
and respect.
your affection in the most obvious ways.
Children learn at lightning speed and if you show him the words
Repeat this three times during the first day, in exactly the manner
more than three times a day you will bore him. If you show him a
described above. Sessions should be at least one half-hour apart.
single card for more than a second you will lose him.
The first day is now over and you have taken the first step in teaching
On the third day, add a third set of five new words.
your child to read. (You have thus far invested at most three minutes.)
Now you are teaching your child three sets of reading words, five
The second day, repeat the basic session three times. Add a second
words in each set, each set three times a day. You and your child are
set of five new words. This new set should be seen three times
now enjoying a total of nine reading sessions spread out during the day,
throughout
equaling a few minutes in all.
The first fifteen words that you teach your child should be made up
of the most familiar and enjoyable words around him. These words
230 HOW TO MULTIPLY YOUR BABY S INTELLIGENCE
How to Teach Your Baby to Read 231
should include the names of immediate family members, relatives,
begun by teaching this child the alphabet? The answer to this
family pets, favorite foods, objects in the house, and favorite activities.
question is most important.
It is impossible to include an exact list here since each child's first
It is a basic tenet of all teaching that it should begin with the known
fifteen words will be personal and therefore different.
and the concrete, and progress from this to the new and the unknown,
The only warning sign in the entire process of learning to read is
and last of all, to what is abstract.
boredom.
Nothing could be more abstract to the two-year-old brain than the
Never bore your child. Going too slowly is much more likely to bore
letter a. It is a tribute to the genius of children that they ever learn it.
him than going too quickly
It is obvious that if the two-year-old were only more capable of
Remember that this bright baby can be learning, say, Portuguese at
reasoned argument he would long since have made this situation clear
this time, so don't bore him. Consider the splendid thing you have just
to adults.
accomplished. Your child has just conquered the most difficult thing he
If such were the case, when we presented him with the letter a, he
will have to do in the entire business of reading.
would ask, "Why is that thing 'a'?" What would we answer?
He has done, with your help, two most extraordinary things.
"Well," we would say, "it is 'a' because... uh...because, don't you see
it's 'a' because... well, because it was necessary to invent
1. He has trained his visual pathway and, more important, his brain,
this...ah...symbol to...ah...stand for the sound 'a' which...ah...we also
sufficiently to differentiate between one written symbol and another.
invented so that...ah..." And so it would have gone. In the end most of
2. He has mastered one of the most important abstractions he will
us would surely say, "It's 'a' because I'm bigger than you, that's why it's
ever have to deal with in life: he can read words.
'a'!"
And perhaps that's as good a reason as any that "a" is "a."
A word about the alphabet. Why have we not
Happily, we haven't had to explain it to the kids because, while
perhaps they could not
232 HOW TO MULTIPLY YOUR BABY S INTELLIGENCE
How to Teach Your Baby to Read 233
understand historically why "a" is "a," they do know that we are
reading and writing any more than isolated sounds are the units of
bigger than they, and this reason they would feel to be sufficient.
hearing and speaking. Words are the units of language. Letters are
At any rate, they have managed to learn these twenty-six visual
simply technical construction materials within words as clay, wood and
abstractions and, what is more, twenty-six auditory abstractions to go
rock are construction materials of a building. It is the bricks, boards
with them.
and stones which are the true units of house construction.
This does not add up to fifty-two possible combinations of sound and
Much later, when the child reads well, we will teach him the
picture but instead an almost infinite number of possible combinations.
alphabet. By that time he will be able to see why it was necessary for
All this they learn even though we usually teach them at five or six,
humans to invent an alphabet and why we need letters.
when it's getting a lot harder for them to learn.
We begin teaching a small child to read words by using the "self"
Thank goodness we are wise enough not to try to start law students,
words because the child learns first about his own body. His world
medical students, or engineering students with any such wild
begins inside and works gradually outside, a fact which educators have
abstractions, because, being young grownups, they would never
known for a long time.
survive it.
A number of years ago a bright child develop-mentalist expressed by
What your youngster has managed in the first step, visual
some magic letters something which did much to improve education.
differentiation, is very important.
These letters are V.A.T visual, auditory and tactile. He pointed out
Reading letters is difficult, since nobody ever ate an a or caught an a
that children learn through a combination of seeing (V), hearing (A),
or wore an a or opened an a. One can eat a banana, catch a ball, wear a
and feeling (T). And yet, mothers have always been playing and saying
shirt or open a book. While the letters that make up the word "ball" are
things like, "This little piggy went to market and this little piggy stayed
abstract, the ball itself is not and thus it is easier to learn the word
home...," holding the toes up so the child could see them (visual),
"ball" than it is to learn the letter b.
saying the words so the child could hear them (auditory), and
These two facts make words much easier to read than letters. The
squeezing the toes so the child could feel them (tactile).
letters of the alphabet are not the units of
234 HOW TO MULTIPLY YOUR BABY S INTELLIGENCE
How to Teach Your Baby to Read 235
the five sets you are presently using and add a new word to each set.
In any event, we are now ready for the "self words.
Do this every day.
Mothers find that if they write the date in pencil on the back of the
Parts of the body
reading card then they can easily tell which words have been shown
longest and are ready to be retired.
hand hair leg Shoulder
In summary then, you will be teaching twenty-five words daily,
divided into five sets of five words each. Your child will be seeing five
knee toes eye bellybutton
new words daily or one in each set, and five words will be retired each
foot ear mouth finger day.
Avoid presenting consecutively two words that begin with the same
head arm elbow teeth
letter. "Hair," "hand" and "head" all begin with "h" and therefore
nose thumb lips tongue should not be taught consecutively. Occasionally a child will leap to
the conclusion that hair is hand because both begin with "h" and are
similar in appearance. Children who have already been taught the
You would now add two more sets of words to equal five sets of
entire alphabet are much more likely to commit this error than children
words in all, or twenty-five words divided into five sets. These two
who do not know the alphabet. Knowing the alphabet causes minor
new sets should be taken from the "self' vocabulary.
confusion to the child. In teaching the word "arm," for example,
Here is the method you should use from this point on in adding new
mothers may experience the problem of a child's recognizing his old
words and taking out old ones.
friend a and exclaiming over it, instead of reading the word arm.
Simply remove one word from each set that has already been taught
Again, one must remember the supreme rule of never boring the
for five days and replace the word with a new one in each set. Your
child. If he is bored there is a strong likelihood that you are going too
child's first three sets have already been seen for a week so you may
now begin to take out an old word in each set and put in a new one.
Five days from now, retire an old word from each of
236 HOW TO MULTIPLY YOUR BABY S INTELLIGENCE
How to Teach Your Baby to Read 237
slowly. He should be learning quickly and pushing you to play the
into several sub-vocabularies. These are objects, possessions, foods,
game some more.
animals and "doing" groups.
If you have done it well he will be averaging five new words daily.
By this time the child will have a reading vocabulary of twenty-five
He may average ten new words a day. If you are clever enough and
to thirty words. At this point there is sometimes the temptation to
enthusiastic enough, he may learn more.
review old words over and over again. Resist this temptation. Your
When your child has learned the "self words, you are ready to move
child will find this boring. Children love to learn new words but they
to the next step in the process of reading. He now has two of the most
do not love to go over and over old ones. You may also be tempted to
difficult steps in learning to read behind him. If he has succeeded up to
test your child. Again, do not do this. Testing invariably introduces
now, you will find it difficult to prevent him from reading much
tension into the situation on the part of the parent, and children
longer.
perceive this readily. They are likely to associate tension and
By now both parent and child should be approaching this game of
unpleasantness with learning.
reading with great pleasure and anticipation. Remember, you are
Be sure to show your child how much you love and respect him at
building into your child a love of learning that will multiply throughout
every opportunity.
his life. More accurately, you are reinforcing a built-in rage for
learning which will not be denied, but which can certainly be twisted
Objects
into useless or even negative channels in a child. Play the game with
joy and enthusiasm. Now you are ready to add nouns which are the
chair table door
familiar objects in your child's environment.
The "home" vocabulary consists of those words that name the objects
window wall bed
around him, such as "chair" and "wall." The "home" vocabulary is
bathtub stove refrigerator
actually divided
television sofa toilet
How to Teach Your Baby to Read 239
238 HOW TO MULTIPLY YOUR BABY S INTELLIGENCE
Animals
This list should also be added to or subtracted from to reflect the
child's home surrounding and family-owned items which are special to
his particular family.
elephant giraffe hippopotamus
Now continue to feed your child's happy hunger with the possessions
words.
whale gorilla dinosaur
Possessions (things that belong to the child himself) rhinoceros spider dog
tiger snake fox
truck blanket socks
cup spoon pajamas
As in the previous sub-vocabularies, these lists should be altered to
shoes ball tricycle
reflect your child's own particular possessions and those things he or
toothbrush pillow bottle she loves the most. Obviously, the list will vary somewhat depending
upon whether your child is twelve months old or whether he is five
years old.
Your child is taught the words in exactly the same way he has been
Foods
taught up to now. This list can vary from ten words to fifty words, as
juice milk orange the parent and the child choose.
The reading list (which up to this point may be approximately fifty
bread water carrot
words) has been composed entirely of nouns. The next grouping in the
home vocabulary reflects action and consequently introduces verbs.
butter egg apple
banana potato strawberry
How to Teach Your Baby to Read 241
240 HOW TO MULTIPLY YOUR BABY S INTELLIGENCE
Actions
ideally be the case) rather than as a duty or obligation (which in the
end is not a good enough reason), then both the parent and child should
drinking sleeping reading
be enjoying themselves immensely in the daily sessions.
John Ciardi, in the editorial which has already been mentioned, said
eating walking throwing
of the child, "if he has been loved (which is basically to say, if he has
running jumping swimming
been played with by parents who found honest pleasure in the play). ..."
This is a superb description of love play and learning with a child
laughing climbing creeping
and it should never be far from a parent's mind while teaching a child
to read.
The next point for a parent to remember is that children are vastly
For added fun with this set, as each new word is taught mother first
curious about words, whether written or spoken. When a child
illustrates the act by (for example), jumping, and saying, "Mommy is
expresses interest in a word, for whatever reason, it is now wise to print
jumping." She then has the child jump and says, "You are jumping."
it for him and add it to his vocabulary. He will learn quickly and easily
Mother now shows her child the word and says, "This word says
any word that he has asked about.
'jumping.'" In this way she goes through all the "action" words. The
Therefore, if a child should ask, "Mommy, what is a rhinoceros?" or
child will particularly enjoy this, since it involves him, his mother (or
"What does microscopic mean?" it is wise to answer the question
father), action and learning.
carefully and then print the word immediately, and so add it to his
When your child has learned the basic "home" words he is ready to
reading vocabulary.
move ahead.
He will feel a special pride and get additional pleasure from learning
By now your child is reading more than fifty words and both you and
to read words which he himself generated.
he should be delighted. Two points should be made before continuing
to the next step, which is the beginning of the end in the process of
learning to read.
If the parent has approached teaching his or her child to read as sheer
pleasure (as should
How to Teach Your Baby to Read 243
242 HOW TO MULTIPLY YOUR BABY S INTELLIGENCE
red violet blue
STEP TWO (Couplets and phrases)
orange black pink
yellow white gray
Once a child has acquired a basic reading vocabulary of single words,
green brown purple
he is now reading to put those words together to make couplets (two
word combinations) and phrases (more than two word combinations).
This is an important intermediate step between single words and
These words can be made with squares of the appropriate color
whole sentences. Couplets and phrases create a bridge between the
on the back of each card. Mother can then teach the reading word
basic building blocks of reading single words and the next unit of
and flip the card over to reveal the color itself.
organization the sentence. Of course the ability to read a whole group
Very young children learn colors quickly and easily and take
of related words called a sentence is the next large objective. However,
great delight in pointing out colors wherever they go. After the
this intermediate step of couplets and short phrases will help the child
basic colors have been taught, there is a whole world of more
progress by easy steps to this next level.
subtle shades to be explored (indigo, azure, chartreuse, olive, gold,
Now mother reviews her child's vocabulary and determines what
silver, copper, etc.)
couplets she can make using the words she has already taught. She will
Once these simple colors have been introduced, mother can
quickly discover that she needs some modifying words in her child's
make her child's first set of couplets:
diet in order to make couplets and short phrases that make sense.
One simple group of words which are very helpful and easy to teach
are basic colors:
How to Teach Your Baby to Read 245
244 HOW TO MULTIPLY YOUR BABY S INTELLIGENCE
big little long short
Orange juice Pink toes
fat thin right left
Blue eyes Violet grapes
clean dirty happy sad
Red truck Brown hair
smooth rough empty full
Yellow banana Green apple
pretty ugly dark light
Black shoes White refrigerator
Again, depending on the age and experience of the child, you may or
Each of these couplets has the great virtue that the child knows both
may not need to introduce these cards with a picture on the back of the
words as a single word. The couplet contains two basic elements that
card to illustrate the idea. "Big" and "little" are simple ideas for a very
are satisfying to the child. One aspect he enjoys is seeing old words he
young child. What little child does not instantly recognize when his
already knows. The second element is that although he already knows
older brother or sister has been given something "bigger" than he has
these two words he now sees that his two old words combined create a
received? We adults are apt to view these ideas as abstractions, and
new idea. This is exciting to him. It opens the door on understanding
they are, but these ideas surround the young child and he grasps them
the magic of the printed page.
quickly when they are presented in a logical and straightforward
As mother progresses with this step she will feel the need of
manner. These ideas are closely related to his day-to-day survival so
additional modifiers. These will best be taught in pairs as opposites:
they are, in a manner of speaking, close to his heart. We can now
present couplets:
How to Teach Your Baby to Read 247
246 HOW TO MULTIPLY YOUR BABY S INTELLIGENCE
teach simple phrases and a wise mother will use not one, but all
three.
empty cup full cup
1. Using the single reading cards you have already made, make some
big chair little chair
"is" cards. Sit down with five names of people or animals, five "is"
happy Mommy sad Mommy
cards and five "actions." Choose one of each and put together a phrase.
Read it to your child. Now let your child choose one of each group and
long hair short hair
make a phrase. Read his phrase to him. Together make three to five
clean shirt dirty shirt
phrases. Then put the cards away. You can play this game as often as
your child likes. Remember to change the nouns and verbs often to
right hand left hand
keep the game fresh.
STEP THREE (Phrases)
It is a simple step to hop from couplets to phrases. When we do, the
leap is made by adding action to the couplets and creating a basic short
Mommy is eating
sentence.
Daddy is sleeping
Mommy is jumping
Sally is laughing
Jimmy is running
Billy is reading
Amy is climbing
Daddy is eating
Even with a basic vocabulary of fifty to seventy-five words the
possible combinations are many. There are three excellent ways to
248 HOW TO MULTIPLY YOUR BABY S INTELLIGENCE
How to Teach Your Baby to Read 249
age precedes and is separated from the illustration. It is wise to make
Mother's choice
the first such book a simple diary of your child's day.
Sally is climbing
18
Child's choice 8
Billy is eating
Jimmy is running
1 2
2. Using your 4" by 24" poster board cards, make a set of five
phrases. You will have to decrease your print size in order to fit three
or four words onto the cards. Now make your letters 2" high rather than
3". As you do this be sure not to crowd the words. Leave enough white
space so each word can "breathe." Show them three times daily for five
3
days (or less). Then add two new phrases daily and retire two old ones
daily. Your child will learn these very quickly so be willing to move on
to new phrases as quickly as possible.
Billy is drinking
4
2
The Elephant is eating
5 6
3. Make a simple phrase book. This book should have five phrases
with a simple illustration for each phrase. The book should be 8" by
18" with 2" red lettering. The printed
7
How to Teach Your Baby to Read 251
250 HOW TO MULTIPLY YOUR BABY S INTELLIGENCE
indeed be limited. All of the anticipation in opening a new book lies
His new book can easily be illustrated using photographs of your
in finding what the book is going to say that we have never read before.
child doing each of these things. This. .little book becomes the first in a
To recognize individual words and to realize that they represent an
long series of books that trace the growth and development and the life
object or an idea is a basic step in learning to read. To recognize that
and times of your child.
words, when used in a sentence, can represent a more complicated idea
These books are naturally loved by every child lucky enough to have
is an additional and vitally important step.
a mother who takes the time to make them. Each book starts out as a
We now can use the same basic procedures introduced when we
modest little ten-page book that mother reads to her child two to three
began phrases. However we now go beyond three words. Instead of
times daily for a few days. Then mother introduces a new chapter
choosing from five nouns and five verbs to make the simple phrase
which uses the same basic vocabulary.
"Mommy is eating," now we add five objects and present "Mommy is
These wonderful little homemade diaries of your child's life are a
eating a banana.
living, breathing way to use all the great photographs that every mother
Again we need a group of "a," "an" or "the" cards. These should not
has taken of her child over the years.
be taught separately since the child will learn them in the context of the
sentence where they serve a purpose and make sense; outside the
context they are of little interest to the child.
STEP FOUR (Sentences)
While he uses the word "the" correctly in ordinary speech and
therefore understands it, he does not deal with it as an isolated word. It
In truth the simple phrases we have just discussed are also short
is, of course, vital to reading that he recognize and read it as a separate
sentences. But now the child is ready for the most important step after
word, but it is not necessary that he be able to define it. In the same
being able to differentiate single words. Now he is ready to tackle full
way, all children speak correctly long before they know
sentences that express a more complete thought.
If we could understand only sentences that we had seen and known
before, our reading would
252 HOW TO MULTIPLY YOUR BABY S INTELLIGENCE
How to Teach Your Baby to Read 253
the rules of grammar. Besides, how would you like to explain what
This should inspire you to do the same. It is a sad commentary that
"the" means, even to a ten-year-old? So don't. Just be sure he can read
our formal education was so drab and sterile that without realizing it
it.
we avoid using humor and absurdity in our teaching. We were so often
When you have made four-word sentences using the three methods
reminded not to "be silly" or "act ridiculous" that we assume it is
described in the third step (phrases) then you can add modifiers ad-
against the law to have fun when one is teaching or learning. This
jectives and adverbs that give life to a proper sentence:
notion is the very soul of absurdity, for fun is learning and learning is
fun. The more fun going on, the more learning is taking place.
A good sentence-making session usually finds mother and child
Mommy is eating a yellow banana 1½ 4
trying to outdo each other in creating riotous combinations and ends
with a lot of noisy tickling, hugging, and merriment.
Again, as you add additional words you will need to decrease the print
Since every sentence you are creating or putting on cards or in books
size a little bit. Now decrease the size of your letters to 1 1/2". Give
is composed of single words that you have already carefully taught
each word plenty of room or, if needed, make cards longer than
beforehand, it is probable that your child will go through many
eighteen inches.
If you have been playing the game of making sentences with your sentences very quickly.
child consistently, you will already have noticed that your child
You are wise to take a limited vocabulary of perhaps fifty words and
delights in making sentences that are ridiculous or absurd.
use them to make as many sentences as you and your child can create.
The elephant is drinking soup In this way your child will really strengthen his mastery of these words.
His confidence will grow so that no matter what combination or
Daddy is hugging the strawberry
permutation is presented in a new sentence, he will be able to decode it.
Billy is sitting on the bellybutton
254 HOW TO MULTIPLY YOUR BABY S INTELLIGENCE
How to Teach Your Baby to Read 255
At this stage you are still presenting this material to him. You are
while. If all goes well, then reduce your print size to 7/8".
reading the sentences or books aloud to him. Depending on his age,
The important rule to observe in this process is never to reduce print
language ability, or personality, he may be actually saying some words
size and increase the number of words at the same time.
aloud spontaneously or reading whole sentences aloud. If he does this
First reduce print size slightly and live with it for a while, then
spontaneously that is fine. However you should not ask him to read
increase the number of words.
aloud to you. We will discuss this point at length later in the next
Do both of these things gradually. Remember, the sentence cannot be
chapter.
too big or too clear, but it could be too small or too confusing. You
As you go from four-word sentences to five-word sentences and
never want to rush this process.
longer you will no doubt begin to run out of space on the 4" by 24"
If you do reduce the print size too quickly or increase the number of
cards or 8" by 18" books. Now by evolution you are going to do three
words too fast you will notice your child's attention and interest
things.
dropping. He might begin to look away from the printed matter
altogether and simply look at you because the card or page is visually
1. Reduce the print size;
too complex for him. If this should occur, simply return to the print
2. Increase the number of words;
size or number of words you were using right before this happened and
3. Change the print from red to black.
his enthusiasm will return. Stay at this level for a good while longer
before attempting to change things again.
Begin by reducing print size a little bit. You do not want to reduce it
You do not really need to change the size or color of single words. In
so much that your child has the slightest difficulty with it. Try 1" print.
fact we have found that keeping single words large is easier for both
Use this for several weeks. If this does not appear to be a problem, then
mother and child.
you are ready to increase the number of words. If you have been using
However, when you are making books with one inch letters or six
five-word sentences, now go to six-word sentences. However, leave the
words or more on a page,
print size at 1" Now continue with six-word sentences for a
256 HOW TO MULTIPLY YOUR BABY S INTELLIGENCE
How to Teach Your Baby to Read 257
we recommend changing from red to black print. As words get
taught him to read, you have actually been growing his visual
smaller, black does provide. better contrast and a more legible page.
pathway, exactly as exercise grows the biceps.
Now the stage has been set for the final and most exciting step of
In the event you are reducing the print size too quickly and therefore
all the book. We have already gotten our foot solidly in the door by
presenting print that your child is not yet capable of reading easily, you
creating many little couplet books, phrase books, and sentence books,
will have a clear indication of what print size is easy and comfortable
but if these steps are the skeleton, it is the next one that is the meat.
for your child from doing the third and fourth steps of your program.
The path has been cleared, so let's get to it.
Since the words he is using are exactly the same words but differ
only in the fact that they become smaller with each step, you can now
see quite clearly if a child is learning faster than his visual pathway is
STEP FIVE (Books)
able to mature.
As an example, suppose that a child completes the third and fourth
Now your child is ready to read a real and proper book. In fact he has
steps successfully with 2" words but has difficulty in reading the
already read many homemade books and completed all the single
identical words in the book itself. The answer is simple. The words are
words, couplets, and phrases that he will find in his first book.
too small. We know that the child can read 2" words easily. Now the
The careful preparation that has gone before is the key to his success
parent simply prepares additional words and simple sentences 2" in
in his first book and indeed for many books to come.
height. Use simple, imaginative words and sentences that the child will
His ability to handle very large-print single words, couplets, phrases
enjoy reading. After two months of this, return again to the book with
and sentences has been established. But now he must be able to handle
its smaller print.
smaller print and a greater number of words on each page.
Remember that if the print were made too small you would also have
The younger a child is, the more challenging this step will be.
trouble reading it.
Remember that as you have
If the child is three years of age by the time you get to the 7/8" print
of the book itself, you
258 HOW TO MULTIPLY YOUR BABY S INTELLIGENCE
How to Teach Your Baby to Read 259
will probably not be held up at all at this point. If the child is less
1. Enough, Inigo, Enough;
than two years old by the time you get to the book, it is almost certain
2. Inigo McKenzie, The Contrary Man;
that you will need to obtain or create additional books with 1" or 2"
3. You Can't Stay a Baby Forever;
print for the child. Fine; it is all reading, and real reading at that. It will
4. NOSE Is Not TOES.
mature his brain growth far more than would otherwise be the case.
However, one or two books will hardly be enough to keep your eager
The parent will now need to procure the book which he will teach his
young reader fed and happy you will need many. Therefore, the
child to read. Find a book which contains vocabulary that you have
simplest means of providing your child with proper books at this stage
already taught as single words, couplets and phrases. The choice of the
is to buy interesting and well-written commercial books and make
book to be used is very important; it should meet the following
them over with the large, clear printed pages your young child requires.
standards:
You can then cut out the professional illustrations and include them in
the book you are making.
1. It should have a vocabulary of fifty to one hundred words;
Sometimes it will be necessary to simplify the text to suit your child's
2. It should present no more than one sentence on a single page;
reading. Or you may find books with beautiful illustrations but silly or
3. The printing should be no less than 7/8" high;
repetitive text that would bore your child. In this case rewrite the text
4. Text should precede and be separated from illustrations.
using more sophisticated vocabulary and more mature sentence
Unfortunately, at present, few commercial books meet all of these
structure.
requirements. Examples of books created for the Better Baby Press
The content of the book is vital. Your child will want to read a book
with these requirements in mind are:
for exactly the same reasons that we adults read books. He will expect
to be entertained or given new information preferably both. He will
enjoy well-written adventure stories, fairy tales and mysteries. There is
a world of wonderful fiction already written and waiting to be written.
He
How to Teach Your Baby to Read 261
260 HOW TO MULTIPLY YOUR BABY S INTELLIGENCE
Read at a natural speed, with enthusiasm and a lot of expression in
your voice. It is not necessary to point to each word as you read.
will also enjoy nonfiction. Books that teach him about the lives of
However, your child may wish to do so. If he does, this is fine, as long
famous people or animals are vastly popular with tiny children.
as you do not slow down.
Perhaps the easiest rule to follow is, do you find the book interesting?
Read the book two to three times daily for several days. Each book
If not, the chances are excellent your three-year-old won't find much to
will have its own life. Some books are ready for the shelf in a few days,
interest him either.
others are demanded daily for weeks.
It is far, far better to aim a bit over his head and let him reach upward
Your child now begins his own library of books. Once you have
than to run the risk of boring him with pap and pablum.
retired a book, it goes on his shelf. He may then read it himself as
Remember the following rules:
many times a day as he likes.
As this little library of superb custom-made books grows, it is the
1. Create or choose books that will be interesting to your child;
source of much pleasure and pride to the tiny child. At this stage he
2. Introduce all new vocabulary as single words before beginning the
will probably begin taking one of his books with him wherever he
book;
goes.
3. Make the text large and clear;
While other children are bored driving in the car, waiting in line at
4. Make sure your child has to turn the page to see the illustration
the supermarket, or sitting in a restaurant, your little fellow has his
that follows the text.
books his old books, which he cherishes and reads again and again
Once you have completed the above steps, you are ready to begin the and his new books, which he looks forward to every week.
book with your child. At this point it is impossible to provide too many books. He will
Sit down with him and read the book to him. He may want to read devour them. The more he gets the more he wants. In a world where 30
some of the words instead of having you do it. If he does this percent of the eighteen-year-olds in our school
spontaneously, fine. This will depend largely on his age and
personality. The younger a child is, the less he will wish to read aloud.
In this case you read and he will follow along.
262 HOW TO MULTIPLY YOUR BABY S INTELLIGENCE
How to Teach Your Baby to Read 263
represents more than the simple fun of translating secret names into
system will not be able to read in a useful way and many will
objects, and more even than the decoding of strings of words into
graduate unable to read their own high school diplomas or labels on
comments about objects and people. Suddenly and delightfully the big
jars, this problem of keeping the young child supplied with books is the
secret bursts upon the child that this book is actually talking to him,
right problem to have.
and to him alone. When the child comes to this realization (and this
does not necessarily happen until he has read many books), there will
Summary
be no stopping him. He will now be a reader in every sense of the
word. He now realizes that the words he already knows can be
There are three distinct levels of understanding in the process of
rearranged to make entirely new ideas. He does not have to learn a new
learning how to read. As the child conquers each of them he will show
set of words every time he has to read something.
exuberance at his new and very exciting discovery. The joy Columbus
What a discovery this is! Few things will compare to it in later life.
must have known in finding a new world could hardly have been
He can now have an adult talking to him in a new conversation any
greater than that which the child will experience at each of these levels.
time he wants, simply by picking up a new book.
Naturally, his first pleasure and delight is in the disclosure that words
All of man's knowledge is now available to him. Not only the
have meaning. To the child this is almost like a secret code that he
knowledge of people he knows in his home and neighborhood, but
shares with grownups. He will enjoy this vastly and visibly.
people far away whom he will never see. Even more than that, he can
Next he notices that the words he reads can be used together and are
be approached by people who lived long ago in other places and in
therefore more than merely labels for objects. This is also a new and
other ages.
wonderful revelation.
The power to control our own fate began, as we shall see, with our
The last discovery he makes will probably be very noticeable to the
ability to write and to read. Because humans have been able to write
parent. This, the greatest of them all, is that the book he is reading
264 HOW TO MULTIPLY YOUR BABY S INTELLIGENCE
18
and to read, they have been able to pass on to other humans centuries
how to give your baby encyclopedic
later and in remote places the knowledge they have gained. Human
knowledge is cumulative.
knowledge
Humans are human essentially because they can read and write.
This is the true importance of what your child discovers when he
The world is so full of a number
learns to read. The child may even try in his own way to tell you about
things I am sure we should all be
his great discovery, lest you, his parent, miss it. If he does, listen to him
as happy as kings.
respectfully and with love. What he has to say is important.
 ROBERT LOUIS STEVENSON
The acquisition of knowledge is, in an intellectual sense, the
objective of life. It is knowledge from which all else springs science,
art, music, language, literature and all that matters to humans.
Knowledge is based on information and information can be gained
only through facts. Each fact is a single bit of information. When such
a fact is presented to a child in a proper way, it becomes a Bit of
Intelligence, both in the
How to Give Your Baby Encyclopedic Knowledge 267
266 HOW TO MULTIPLY YOUR BABY S INTELLIGENCE
important of all. This program, like the reading program, is also a
sense that it literally grows his brain, and in the sense that it is the
tremendous amount of fun and will provide a child with the most
base of all his future knowledge.
pleasure throughout life, encompassing, as it does, science, art, music,
This chapter will take the parent and the child through the
history and all the other bewitching things life has to offer.
Encyclopedic Knowledge Program and thus lead the way to all
knowledge.
What is a "Bit of Intelligence" card9
Parents wishing to have more information about the principles of
giving their babies encyclopedic knowledge are advised to read the A "Bit of Intelligence" card represents one bit of information. A Bit
book How To Give Your Baby Encyclopedic Knowledge. of Intelligence card is made using an accurate drawing or illustration or
This chapter is written as if it were addressed to full-time excellent quality photograph. It has certain important characteristics. It
professional mothers so that there will be no limits to what the parent must be precise, discrete, non-ambiguous and new. It must also be
who actually is a professional mother can do. large and clear. It should not be called a "flash card," which tends to
It should in no way intimidate the mother who is not with her baby degrade it.
full time. This mother simply teaches a smaller number of categories.
Isn't it wonderful that there is more to learn than we can learn in a
PRECISE
By precise we mean accurate, with appropriate detail. It should be as
lifetime?
exact as we can humanly make it.
The program of encyclopedic knowledge should be begun when you
If the Bit of Intelligence card is made with a drawing of a crow, it
have started your reading program and feel comfortable with it. This
must be very carefully and clearly drawn.
may be a few weeks after you have begun the reading program or it
may be several months. These two programs complement each other
greatly. DISCRETE
By discrete we mean one item. There should only be one subject on a
The reading program is clearly the most
Bit of Intelligence card.
How to Give Your Baby Encyclopedic Knowledge 269
268 HOW TO MULTIPLY YOUR BABY S INTELLIGENCE
If the Bit of Intelligence card is made with a drawing of a crow, it
must not also have in it a cow, a mountain, a flower and some clouds.
NON-AMBIGUOUS
By non-ambiguous we mean named specifically, with a certainty of
meaning. Therefore each Bit of Intelligence card carries a label that can
be interpreted in only one way.
If it is a crow, it must be labelled Crow and not "a large black bird."
NEW
By new we mean something your child does not already know.
The drawing which follows illustrates an incorrect image for a Bit of
Intelligence card. The drawing is imprecise because the crow shown
has no detail and merges with the other crow in the background.
It is not discrete because there are two crows, mountains, a twig with
Unacceptable image for "Crow " Bit of Intelligence card
leaves and some clouds all in the same picture.
It would be ambiguous even if labeled Crow because of the number
The next drawing illustrates a correct image for a Bit of Intelligence
of subjects in the picture.
card. The drawing is precise because the crow shown is detailed and
clearly drawn.
It is discrete because there is only one subject represented.
It is non-ambiguous because there can be no question that it is a crow
and would be correctly labeled as such on the reverse side of the card.
270 HOW TO MULTIPLY YOUR BABY S INTELLIGENCE
How to Give Your Baby Encyclopedic Knowledge 271
If any one of those characteristics is missing, the Bit of Intelligence
card should not be included in your Encyclopedic Knowledge Program.
If all those characteristics are present, then it is an appropriate Bit of
Intelligence card and will be easily learned by your child when done as
.part of this program.
Please make sure that you understand completely what is correct for
a Bit of Intelligence card before beginning to put together and organize
your program.
How to Find Images for Kit of Intelligence Cards
Mothers have made literally hundreds of thousands of Bit of
Intelligence cards for their children at home. The best sources of
Good image for "Crow " Bit of /Intelligence card
images are books, magazines, maps, posters, teaching cards and
Therefore any proposed piece of visual information, to be truly
museum cards.
appropriate for a Bit of Intelligence card for your child, must pass six
The best type of books are all-color 'Treasury of (subject)" books.
tests. Treasuries of birds, flowers, insects and mammals are excellent sources
for categories of visual material. The purpose of these books is to
1. It must have accurate detail;
instruct and inform and the quality of the illustrations and photographs
2. It must be one item only;
is generally very good. This type of book provides you with a category
3. It must be specifically named;
4. It must be new; all ready to go.
5. It must be large;
Magazines can also be a valuable source of
6. It must be clear.
How to Give Your Baby Encyclopedic Knowledge 273
272 HOW TO MULTIPLY YOUR BABY S INTELLIGENCE
How to Prepare Bit of Intelligence Cards
pictures for Bit of Intelligence cards. However, not just any magazine
will do. If you are interested in teaching about wildlife, then the wide
QUALITY
variety of wildlife magazines will provide you with valuable photos
It is not difficult to make fine quality Bit of Intelligence cards at
and drawings.
home. Indeed the quality must be fine in order for you to use these
Maps of counties, states, countries and continents have proved
precious materials with your even more precious child. You should
invaluable for making geography Bit of Intelligence cards. Since many
prepare your materials with one thing foremost in your mind quality.
other categories can be related to geography, maps have become a
This is not a cute game you will be playing with your child, nor icing
source used by our mothers.
on the cake. It is his introduction to the knowledge of the world.
Posters of all kinds provide excellent raw materials for Bit of
Your Bit of Intelligence cards should reflect your respect for what
Intelligence cards. Governmental agencies often have posters on
you are going to teach and what your child is going to learn. There is
regional information that can be made into fine teaching materials.
no more precious commodity than knowledge. The only thing worse
Almost all museums offer some good raw materials for Bit of
than something cheap wrapped up in finery is something beyond value
Intelligence cards. Reproductions of famous artists' works, sculpture
made up cheaply.
and architecture are readily available. Science museums are also a
Your Bit of Intelligence cards should be regarded as family heirlooms
potential source for photos, drawings and diagrams.
destined to be handed down tenderly from one child to the next, then
The Better Baby Press pioneered and publishes Bit of Intelligence
jealously guarded and saved for the grandchildren.
cards and makes these materials available to the public.
There are no limits to what can be found that is food for your baby's
MATERIALS
brain, heart and soul other than your own ingenuity and the limits of
You will need the following materials which are usually readily
human knowledge.
available.
How to Give Your Baby Encyclopedic Knowledge 275
274 HOW TO MULTIPLY YOUR BABY S INTELLIGENCE
If the subject has a vague, ambiguous or misleading title make sure
1. Photos, drawings and other visual material appropriate for making
you have the clearest and most complete label you can find. For
Bit of Intelligence cards;
example, "turtle" is hardly informative. You need to be specific with
2. Poster board;
Ornate Box Turtle.
3. Black Magic Marker or other waterproof felt-tipped marker;
Finally, before you throw the left-over material away, make sure you
4. Rubber cement;
have saved and filed any information that came along with the subject
5. Clear Contact Paper or laminate (optional).
you have selected. You are going to be needing that information in the
future for your child, so put it where you can find it easily some
APPROPRIATE VISUAL MATERIAL FOR MAKING BIT
months later.
OF INTELLIGENCE CARDS
Again, you will want photos, drawings and ;
POSTER BOARD
other visual material that is precise, discrete, ;
We recommend that Bit of Intelligence cards be made using white,
non-ambiguous and new. Your raw materials for ;
two-sided, cardboard. This is sometimes referred to as "poster board,"
making Bit of Intelligence cards must be precise and new when you
"index board," "illustration board," etc., depending on the composition
get them. However materials ;
and quality of the material.
which are not discrete or non-ambiguous can often be made so after
Paper does not have adequate rigidity to be used for Bit of
you have found them.
Intelligence cards.
You will quickly become expert at deciding whether a picture has
The cardboard you use should be able to be held in one hand and not
potential or not. If you have a good potential image for a Bit of
"flop" and should be strong enough to hold up under repeated handling
Intelligence card but it has a distracting background, simply cut around
(especially if you plan to have babies beyond those you are currently
the subject and eliminate the background.
teaching).
If there is a group of objects within the picture, cut each out
Where white cardboard does not provide adequate contrast with the
individually and make each into a Bit ofIntelligence card.
subject of the Bit of Intelligence card being prepared, use black poster
If the raw material has writing underneath it or around it, cut this
away.
276 HOW TO MULTIPLY YOUR BABY S INTELLIGENCE
How to Give Your Baby Encyclopedic Knowledge 277
board or an appropriate color for contrast. sheet of paper over your new Bit of Intelligence card and rubbing
To make your job easier, have your cardboard pre-cut. If you are
your hand across the surface.
buying from a stationery store, art supply store or paper supply dealer,
have them do the work for you with their heavy paper-cutter.
LAMINATION
Cardboard size should be 11" x 11" (28 cm. x 28 cm).
The ideal Bit of Intelligence card has clear plastic laminate on both
sides. Lamination strengthens the card, making it more difficult to
BLACK WATERPROOF MARKER damage, as well as making it resistant to fingerprints and soil. When
To letter the reverse side of your Bit of Intelligence cards you will
you consider the time and attention you put into making each Bit of
need a wide-tipped black marker. These are marketed under a variety
Intelligence card, it seems logical that you would wish to preserve it in
of brand names, one of the most popular being Magic Marker. This
the best possible way for your future use or the use of others in your
type of marker is waterproof and uses a varnish base ink. Be careful to
family.
replace the tops of your markers when not in use so that the varnish
Most families cannot afford to have their Bit of Intelligence cards
base does not evaporate. Also keep these tools out of your child's
laminated by machine. However, it is possible to purchase wide rolls of
reach.
clear Contact Paper which is a self-adhering, easy-to-use material. It is
available in hardware and paint stores that sell kitchen and drawer shelf
RUBBER CEMENT paper.
We have found that rubber cement is the best vehicle for fixing
PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER
photos and drawings to cardboard. Apply a thin coat of rubber cement
You have now assembled all the materials that you need to make
to the back of the picture and to the approximate area of the cardboard
beautiful Bit of Intelligence cards. Now set up a production line so that
where the picture will be situated. When both surfaces are sufficiently
dry, press the picture to the cardboard. The bond can be strengthened you get the most out of what you have found. First, prepare the raw
by placing a clean visual material that you
How to Give Your Baby Encyclopedic Knowledge 279
278 HOW TO MULTIPLY YOUR BABY S INTELLIGENCE
may cause ink to bleed through once the image is mounted, ruining a
have, being sure that you have the correct identification of each item,
careful job.
and that you have filed any pertinent information about the item.
You now have a high-quality, sturdy teaching tool. If you wish to
Second, if the item itself is not discrete, cut out the background so
preserve it for many years, you may take the additional step of
that you have only one item mounted on the card.
laminating your new Bit of Intelligence card as described above.
Third (and this step is often missed by the novice Bit of Intelligence
card-maker, to her immediate chagrin), label the reverse side of the
ORGANIZATION
cardboard before mounting the image, preventing your needing to
Bit of Intelligence cards are always organized into categories. You
throw out the entire thing if you make a mistake while labeling. Proper
will find that your categories start out being very broad. For example
identification of the item should be neatly lettered on the reverse side,
ten typical beginning categories are birds, presidents of the United
using a wide-tipped permanent black marker. Letter size should be no
States, states of the United States, musical symbols, paintings of Van
less than one inch high actually, the larger the better.
Gogh, bones of the body, dots, simple tools, Japanese body words and
American writers.
A look at the same program eighteen months later will show a great
increase in the sophistication of the organization of Bit of Intelligence
crow cards. Birds are now water fowl, seed-eaters and scavengers. In short,
you will be constantly arranging and rearranging the overall
organization of your Bit of Intelligence card library to reflect your
child's growing ability to connect and relate one category to another.
Next, with your cardboard labelled, glue your prepared raw material
Each category should have a minimum of ten Bit of Intelligence cards
using rubber cement. Be careful to use a thin coat of rubber cement,
and there is no limit to the number a category may ultimately have.
especially if the raw image has printing on its reverse side. Generous
coats of rubber cement
280 HOW TO MULTIPLY YOUR BABY S INTELLIGENCE
How to Give Your Baby Encyclopedic Knowledge 281
Categories of Bit of Intelligence Cards
This depends entirely on availability and your child's interest and
enthusiasm for that category.
When you are finished actively using a Bit of Intelligence card, you
It is clear from the criteria for a Bit of Intelligence card that any piece
should carefully file it, according to category, so that you can retrieve it
of new information that can be presented precisely, discretely and non-
for later use.
ambiguously is the basic building block of intelligence. The mortar that
SUMMARY holds that structure together is the categorization of Bit of Intelligence
cards.
1. Know the full criteria for a Bit of Intelligence card.
A category is a group of ten or more Bit of Intelligence cards which
are directly related to each other. For example Birds are a category.
2. Find a wide variety of raw material for Bit of Intelligence cards.
3. Organize the raw material into categories.
4. Cut out subjects for your Bit of Intelligence cards.
BIRDS
5. Save information about those subjects for future Programs of
Intelligence.
1. Common Crow
6. Cut or obtain 11" x 11" white poster board. 2. Robin
7. Label 11" x 11" card on back with a black marker. 3. Bluejay
4. Mockingbird
8. Put rubber cement on the image to be used on the Bit of Intelligence
5. Cardinal Grosbeak
card.
6. Ring-necked Pheasant
9. Mount the image on the front of the 11" x 11 "card.
7. Bald Eagle
10. Put clear Contact Paper or laminate on finished Bit of Intelligence
8. Wood Duck
card (optional).
9. House Sparrow
11. Create a workable filing system for retired Bit of Intelligence cards. 10. Pileated Woodpecker.
This category of birds may be expanded to include every bird that
ever lived, from prehistoric
282 HOW TO MULTIPLY YOUR BABY S INTELLIGENCE
How to Give Your Baby Encyclopedic Knowledge 283
birds up to the present, or it may stop after thirty birds. In short, a
combinations, which is an even more powerful use of ten seconds,
category contains no fewer than ten Bit of Intelligence cards and is
and this is why we use Bit of Intelligence cards in categories.
limited in breadth only by the number of species or members that exist
We call these related Bit of Intelligence card subjects Categories of
in that group.
Intelligence.
For example, the category of presidents of the United States will only
expand as new presidents are elected.
Choosing Categories
Why Related Bit of Intelligence Cards?
We have chosen to divide all existing knowledge into ten divisions.
This seemingly simple organizational detail has a profoundly important
1. Biology
effect on the tiny child. If we present a tiny child with ten unrelated Bit
2. History
of Intelligence cards which are each precise, discrete, non-ambiguous
3. Geography
and new we have given him ten superb pieces of knowledge. That is a
4. Music
marvelous thing to do. He will have these ten facts forever.
5. Art
If you do it correctly you can show those ten cards to a tiny baby in ten
6. Mathematics
seconds. Taking thirty seconds is far too slow to keep his attention.
7. Human Physiology
That's a wonderful thing to do and when you use ten seconds in such a
8. General Science
way three or four times he will have the information cold and for the
9. Language 10. Literature
rest of his life if you review it now and then.
But in the same ten seconds we can give him ten related Bit of
Obviously we could have placed all information in five divisions, or
Intelligence cards which will give him a minimum .of 3,628,800
a hundred. Why we have chosen these divisions will become clear as
permutations and
we proceed.
It should be your objective to give your child the broadest foundation
of knowledge that you can provide. You would be wise to choose one
284 HOW TO MULTIPLY YOUR BABY S INTELLIGENCE
How to Give Your Baby Encyclopedic Knowledge 285
Division: Geography
category from each of the ten divisions of knowledge above when
Category; States of the United States
you begin. Here are some examples:
Bit of Intelligence cards:
Maine Vermont
Rhode Island New Hampshire
Division: Biology
New York Massachusetts
Category: Birds
Pennsylvania New Jersey
Bit of Intelligence cards:
Delaware Maryland, etc.
Mockingbird Ring-necked Pheasant
(These are outlines of the shapes of the states.)
Bluejay Common Crow
Cardinal Grosbeak Bald Eagle
Division: Music
Category: Musical symbols
Wood Duck House Sparrow
Bit of Intelligence cards
Pileated Woodpecker Robin, etc.
A B C D E F G
(These are pictures of the birds.)
treble clef bass clef whole note, etc.
(The musical signs themselves as above.)
Division: History
Division: Art
Category: Presidents of the United States
Category; Paintings of Van Gogh
Bit of Intelligence cards:
Bit of Intelligence cards:
George Washington John Adams
The School Boy Madame Roulin &Her Baby
Thomas Jefferson James Madison John
Sunflowers Self-Portrait
James Monroe Quincy Adams
The Postman Roulin Gypsy Caravans
Old Man in Sorrow ` Church at Auvers
Andrew Jackson Martin Van Buren
Cafe Terrace at Night Field with Peach Trees
William H. Harrison John Tyler, etc.
Blossom, etc.
(These are pictures of the presidents.)
(These are reproductions of the paintings.)
286 HOW TO MULTIPLY YOUR BABY S INTELLIGENCE
How to Give Your Baby Encyclopedic Knowledge 287
Division: Human Physiology
Division: Language
Category: Bones of the Body
Category: Japanese
Bit of Intelligence cards'.
Bit of Intelligence cards:
Cranium mandible ribs tibia
Me (eyes) mimi(ears)
Radius vertebrae fibula ulna
Oheyso (bellybutton) atama(head)
Phalanges clavicle, etc.
Kata (shoulders) hana (nose)
(These are drawings of the bones.)
Kuchi (mouth) kaminoke (hair)
Ashi (feet) hiza (knee) etc.
(These are printed words in cards. See Chapter 17 on reading)
Division: Mathematics
Category: Pure Quantity (dots)
Bit of Intelligence cards'.
Division: Literature
Category: American Writers
" , " " , " " " , " " " , " " " " " , " " " " " " , " " " " " " " ,
Bit of Intelligence cards:
Thomas Jefferson Thomas Paine
" " " " " " " " , " " " " " " " " " , " " " " " " " " " " ', etc.
Nathaniel Hawthorne Herman Melville
(These are red dots on cards. See Chapter 19 on math.)
Edgar Allen Poe Louisa May Alcott
Henry David Thoreau F. Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway Mark Twain, etc.
(These are portraits or photos of the writers)
Division: General Science
Category: Simple Tools
Bi t of Intelligence cards:
Your child's intellectual diet should be a broad one. The more
Scissors knife saw hammer
categories that are taught, the wider view your child has of the world. It
Axe screwdriver drill clamp
is not our intention to steer our children in one direction or the other
Broom lever, etc.
quite the reverse. We wish to offer diem a sampler of the whole world.
(These are drawings or photos of the tools.) It will then be up to them to decide what directions they wish to take
288 HOW TO MULTIPLY YOUR BABY S INTELLIGENCE
How to Give Your Baby Encyclopedic Knowledge 289
When a wide spectrum of categories is offered, these decisions will
and say, "This bird is a common crow"; "This bird is a robin"; "This
be made on the basis of broad knowledge rather than on the basis of
bird is a bluejay".
broad ignorance.
By taking the back card and moving it to the front you get a quick
look at the name on the back of the card; you are about to present.
How to Teach Using Bit of Intelligence Cards
Then as you put that card out front you give your child its name.
The following section will assist you in teaching your child with Bit With great enthusiasm you zoom through these ten cards. Your goal
of Intelligence cards. Although this technical information is important, is to do them as fast as you possibly can. This should take 10-15
the most vital and valuable ingredient in your program is within you. It seconds certainly no more than that. One second for each card and
is the affection and respect with which you teach. This technical five seconds for you to fumble the cards. You'll quickly become skilled
information is to help insure that the intimate relationship you and your at doing this.
child share will be continually developing and growing through the For the first few days after introducing a new category you should
teaching process. continue to say, "This bird is a (name)," but after that say only,
"common crow," "robin," "bluejay," etc., as fast as you can. Children
catch on to the rules very quickly.
ONE SESSION .
Choose the first category that you would like to show to your child.
It is wise to make sure all your Bit of Intelligence cards are right-
That category contains ten Bit of Intelligence cards.
side-up and turned label side toward you before you begin so that none
Position yourself and your child comfortably facing each other. Hold
of your child's time is wasted while you straighten out cards. Also, you
the cards about 18" away from your child.
should reshuffle the cards after each session so they are not being
Begin by announcing joyously, "I have some birds to show you!"
shown in the same order each time.
Then as quickly as your fingers will allow you, move the back card in
As you are aware from teaching your child to read, you need to
the stack to the front
eliminate distractions from the environment, especially when you are
doing
290 HOW TO MULTIPLY YOUR BABY S INTELLIGENCE
How to Give Your Baby Encyclopedic Knowledge 291
anything new for the first time. So when you begin your
Bit of Intelligence cards are clear, big, and mounted with a good
encyclopedic knowledge Program, be especially careful to choose a
border around them. This guarantees that your child can see the subject
quiet and non-chaotic time to introduce your Bit. of Intelligence cards.
of the cards very easily, and you can show your Bit of Intelligence
cards quickly without worrying whether your child can see them or not.
FREQUENCY
Position yourself approximately eighteen inches from your child.
Space your Encyclopedic Knowledge sessions during the day so you
Your hands must not obstruct the image of the card in any way.
are truly doing many brief sessions rather than sessions back to back,
The lighting should be good and you should eliminate visual,
which are, in reality, long sessions. Intersperse them with reading
auditory and tactile distractions.
sessions. After you have completed a session go to something else.
Another aspect is the intensity of your voice. The younger your child
If your child cries "more" (as very often he will) say, "Of course, as
is when you begin, the louder and clearer your voice should be. Just
soon as we have set the table!" Your child will be a glutton for all this.
don't shout.
You must be the one who sees to it he never overdoes it, by always
stopping after one session and always keeping your promise to bring
DURATION
out the Bit of Intelligence cards again later.
You should take one second and no longer per Bit of Intelligence
The morning hours are best to teach. Afternoon is generally not as
card. You should always, always, always show your child a few cards
good a time, but in the evening things start to pick up again. In any
less than he would really like you to show. If you know your child
event, choose those times when your child is bright and alert, and avoid
would love to see fifteen, you show ten; if ten is the maximum your
like the plague any time he is not.
child wants, show five.
Your child's attention is superb make sure you always earn it by
INTENSITY
very brief, zippy, highly organized and enthusiastic sessions.
You have taken great care to insure that your
292 HOW TO MULTIPLY YOUR BABY S INTELLIGENCE
ONE DAY'S SESSIONS
Begin by introducing three different categories with ten Bit of
How to Give Your Baby Encyclopedic Knowledge 293
Intelligence cards in each. Make sure you teach each category three
times before the day ends. As your confidence grows, begin adding
cards in a category, retire that category altogether and introduce a
more categories day by day until you are doing ten different categories.
whole new category of ten cards in its place. Later when you have
Again each category is done for ten seconds three times daily.
found enough new Bit of Intelligence material in the retired category
you can reintroduce it. Meanwhile file the retired cards carefully,
ADDING NEW INFORMATION; RETIRING THE OLD Ten days after you
because you will be needing them later.
have reached ten categories, begin to retire one old Bit of Intelligence
card from each category daily. Place these retired cards in your file for
use later. Add one new Bit of Intelligence card to each category daily to
The Life-Span of One Bit of Intelligence Card
replace the one you have retired. From this time on you continue to add Every mother should be on top other child's program. For example,
one new card per category daily or a total of ten new Bit of Intelligence she should know exactly how many times she needs to show her child a
cards daily. This is a minimum number not a maximum. new Bit of Intelligence card before it becomes old hat to him. It is vital
If you can introduce new cards faster, there is no question but that to know this because it should be changing all the time.
your child can retain them. The minimum given here is a reflection of For instance, in the program outlined above, how many times does
time spent searching, cutting and gluing. It is not a reflection of the your child see a card before it is retired? If you have followed
capacity of the brain of a tiny child. For all intents and purposes that is carefully, you will see that the life cycle of one Bit of Intelligence card
without limit. is thirty sessions, because a new card is seen three times daily for ten
days. However, if you do this program with energy and enthusiasm for
When you have run out of Bit of Intelligence
three to six months, you will discover that thirty exposures over a ten
day period is simply more than is necessary for your child.
Why is this?
You have been effective in growing the visual pathway of your child.
Now you can show him
How to Give Your Baby Encyclopedic Knowledge 295
294 HOW TO MULTIPLY YOUR BABY S INTELLIGENCE
While a category of intelligence establishes breadth of knowledge in
his new cards only three times daily for five days (a total of fifteen
an area, Programs of Intelligence provide an ascending magnitude of
times) and  he knows them!
knowledge within a category. Each new program within a category
This tremendous change in frequency is commonly achieved within a
adds a higher magnitude, starting with the most simple information and
few months of beginning the above program.
ending with the most profound. Here is an example:
Once you begin, ask yourself often, "Do I need to change the life-
cycle of the Bit of Intelligence cards in recognition of the increased
Division: Biology
maturity of my child's visual pathway?"
Category; Birds
If you are enjoying yourself and your child is too, there is little doubt
Bit of Intelligence card: Common Crow
you will one day realize that your child needs to see new cards only
IST MAGNITUDE PROGRAM: Crows build nests in trees or bushes.
once or twice to know them well.
Sometimes mothers see this as a problem. Then they realize they
2ND MAGNITUDE PROGRAM: Crows' nests are made of twigs lined with
have achieved their objective a child who can learn anything quickly
grass or hair.
and effortlessly the first time around. Your child's brain is growing
every day and it is growing very quickly.
3RD MAGNITUDE PROGRAM: Crows eat insects, seeds, fruit and nuts.
WHAT IS A "PROGRAM OF INTELLIGENCE"?
4TH MAGNITUDE PROGRAM: Crows have been known to eat mollusks,
Once you have established a broad network of Bit of Intelligence
dead animals, mice, eggs, fish, garbage, rubber, putty and plastic
cards, systematically arranged in categories, it is time to expand your
insulation.
Encyclopedic Knowledge Program.
When you have taught your child 1,000 Bit of Intelligence cards, you
5TH MAGNITUDE PROGRAM: The female crow raises one brood per
should start creating Programs of Intelligence.
year.
How to Give Your Baby Encyclopedic Knowledge 297
296 HOW TO MULTIPLY YOUR BABY S INTELLIGENCE
than continuing to increase the degree of magnitude of any single Bit
6TH MAGNITUDE PROGRAM: The voice of the crow is harsh and loud, not
of Intelligence card or category.
musical.
Initially you should aim to do a Program of Intelligence of the 1st
Magnitude on every retired card in all your categories. As you
7-TH MAGNITUDE PROGRAM: Crows are part of the Corvidae Family.
complete this step you begin to build to higher and higher magnitudes
8TH MAGNITUDE PROGRAM; The Corvidae Family is made up of Crows,
in all of the categories.
Jays and Magpies.
As this is accomplished at ascending magnitudes, information about
9TH MAGNITUDE PROGRAM: Most birds of the Corvidae Family mate
individual items within a category begins to overlap. Then categories
for life.
themselves become interrelated.
In the end your Encyclopedic Knowledge Program becomes a vast
IOTH MAGNITUDE PROGRAM: Most Corvidae are gregarious they nest in
network of knowledge in which no new piece of information is added
dense colonies.
without shedding light on some other piece of information.
11TH MAGNITUDE PROGRAM: The only places in the world where there
When you have reached this stage you will find the more you teach
are not members of the Corvidae Family are New Zealand and most
your child, the more he will be able to hold.
of the islands of the Pacific Ocean. " " "
This is a very nice state of affairs for him and for you.
12TH MAGNITUDE PROGRAM: The Corvidae Family has 103 species in
26 different genera. OTHER CHARACTERISTICS OF PROGRAMS OF INTELLIGENCE
Clearly these magnitudes go on and on and are limited only by the
present state of human knowledge in any one area.
1. A Program of Intelligence is accurate.
When you begin Programs of Intelligence your objective should be to
It is a fact, not an opinion or an assumption. For example, "George
establish breadth of knowledge across all of your categories, rather Washington was the first president of the United States" is a Program
of
298 HOW TO MULTIPLY YOUR BABY S INTELLIGENCE
How to Give Your Baby Encyclopedic Knowledge 299
Intelligence. "Zachary Taylor was a bad president" is not a Program
Intelligence of greater magnitude about a man who had twenty-three
of Intelligence it's an opinion.
children.
In short, you want initial Programs of Intelligence to open doors for
2. A Program of Intelligence is clear.
It is worded as clearly and directly as possible so it is not open to
your child. In order for your child to want to peek behind those doors,
misinterpretation of any kind. For example, "The cheetah is the fastest
the initial programs need to relate to those things that he already
mammal on earth" is a clear statement that cannot be misinterpreted.
knows. You may then cover quite unfamiliar ground without any
Programs of Intelligence may be used to relate one retired category
difficulty.
of Bit of Intelligence cards to another retired category.
Programs of Intelligence should be interesting. It is a fact that
For example, "George Washington was born in Virginia". For the
Philadelphia is "x" square miles but this is dry stuff unless you are
child who knows George Washington and the state of Virginia, this is a
doing mathematical programs and are headed somewhere with square
nice neat way of tying two seemingly unrelated categories together.
miles. How much more interesting to know that Philadelphia is the
As you and your child discover more ways to relate one category to
home of the Liberty Bell.
another, your excitement in discovering the next new relationship will
If a fact you have found looks dry and dull to you, the chances are
be greatly intensified. Programs of Intelligence should relate to
good it will look dry and dull to your child. Go for the things that
information with which your child is already familiar.
excite your interest, and you will get your child's interest.
It is quite true that Bach was called the Master of the fugue, but as a
Programs of Intelligence should be amusing where it is appropriate.
first program about Bach it is probably too esoteric.
Humor is the most undervalued, underrated, underestimated teaching
"Bach had twenty-three children" will get you where you want to go
device which exists.
better and faster. You can easily come back and give Programs of
Few Programs of Intelligence made a bigger hit with the Institutes'
kids than, "Tchaikovsky held his chin with his left hand while he
conducted with his right hand because he was
300 HOW TO MULTIPLY YOUR BABY S INTELLIGENCE
How to Give Your Baby Encyclopedic Knowledge 301
afraid his head would fall off."
the programs you are planning to teach on 5" x 7" index cards. Put
five programs on each card. (You will be reading them to your child.)
The world is full of amazing and amusing facts use them.
Common Crow
1.Crows build nests in trees and bushes.
HOW TO FIND PROGRAMS OF INTELLIGENCE
2.Crows' nests are made of twigs lined
The first place to gather information about a retired Bit of
with grass or hair.
3.Crows eat insects, seeds, fruit and
Intelligence card is the source where you found the item in the first
nuts.
4.Crows have been known to eat mollusks,
place. Some wise parents photocopy information found along with
dead animals, mice, eggs, fish garbage,
their drawings or photographs before mounting them and file that
rubber, putty and plastic insulation.
5.The female crow raises one brood per
information. You will also need either a full encyclopedia or a good
year.
one-volume encyclopedia. If you can't afford to buy one, spend time at
your local library.
A good junior high school dictionary and eventually a good college
Another way of teaching a program is to write it out on sentence
dictionary are also helpful to every aspect of your program. Such
cards in large print. You will also be reading it to him, but he will be
dictionaries should have word pronunciation guides and word
able to see the words as you read them out.
derivations along with the definitions.
This may become an important part of his reading program.
When in doubt look it up.
Don't give your child what you think is the truth. Check your facts as
accurately as you possibly can.
Crows eat insects, seeds, fruit and nuts.
HOW TO PREPARE PROGRAMS OF INTELLIGENCE
There are three basic ways to present Programs of Intelligence. The
easiest is to write
302 HOW TO MULTIPLY YOUR BABY S INTELLIGENCE
How to Give Your Baby Encyclopedic Knowledge 303
Yet another way to introduce programs is to make a very nice
Crow-
homemade reading book with one program per page, five to ten
"Crows build nests in trees or bushes."
programs per book. This is read by you to your child and later by your
child to himself. Of course the size of print used is based on your
Robin-
child's reading level at that moment.
"Robins have red breasts and gray wings. "
Bluejay-
"The call of the bluejay is 'jay' or 'jeeah.'"
How to Teach Programs of Intelligence
Mockingbird-
ONE SESSION
"The mockingbird often sings at night. "
One session should consist of no more than five programs. Programs
take longer to read aloud than Bit of Intelligence cards and in order to
Cardinal Grosbeak-
keep sessions you need to do fewer of them.
"The male cardinal grosbeak is bright red with a black
If you are simply telling your child the programs, use an index card mask. "
system to keep you straight. It is fun to dig out the five old Bit of
Intelligence cards and show them quickly as you give your child some
new information.
This should take about 10-15 seconds. If you prefer to use large-print
For example, you pull retired cards of birds and say as you show :
sentences instead of showing the actual Bit of Intelligence card, show
the sentence as you read it.
If you prefer the book, sit down and read it with your child. Whichever
way you decide to use it should be fast and a lot of fun.
ONE DAY'S SESSIONS
Begin with five categories of five programs each. Do each category
three times in the day. You can expand this to include as many
categories as you wish.
304 HOW TO MULTIPLY YOUR BABY S INTELLIGENCE
How to Give Your Baby Encyclopedic Knowledge 305
ADDING NEW PROGRAMS AND RETIRING OLD ONES
understanding. It is up to you to make each step upward a
After five days retire all the programs you have been using and put in
combination of new information clothed in a context he can readily
five new programs in each category. This means a new program will be
understand and appreciate.
done three times over five days, to total fifteen times before being
Indeed the correct balance of these two elements is the foundation of
retired. You will be adding at least twenty-five new programs every
all fine teaching.
five days. If you see your child is learning his programs more quickly,
retire them sooner and introduce new ones.
When you run out of good programs in a particular category, retire
Summary
the category and begin working on another retired category.
By this point it should be clear to you that you can teach your child
virtually anything that you can present in an honest and factual way.
MAGNITUDES OF PROGRAMS
All the subjects that you know and love you can offer to your tiny
When you have done many Programs of Intelligence of the First
child. All the subjects that you were interested in learning about but
Magnitude you begin to teach programs of the Second Magnitude.
never had the opportunity to do you can now teach your child. Even
Each magnitude requires a broader general knowledge than the one
those subjects with which you may have had difficulty now begin to be
before it. Therefore your first programs will contain new information
but in a familiar context. You will use familiar vocabulary in initial a possibility.
programs. As you advance, your use of vocabulary becomes more and
Indeed, mothers who have been teaching Bit of Intelligence cards to
more sophisticated.
their children for twelve months or more find that their attitude toward
In this way your child is always reaching above his head for new
knowledge and learning is completely changed. For such mothers the
information while at the same time standing on a firm foundation of
world is their oyster. There is no subject that is too formidable for
them. They may not know every subject in the world, but they have a
good idea of where to get any material they need for Bit of Intelligence
cards. They have the world wired.
306 HOW TO MULTIPLY YOUR BABY S INTELLIGENCE
How to Give Your Baby Encyclopedic Knowledge 307
We are continually amazed at the endless imagination of our
him onto our shoulders. What broad shoulders our professional
professional mothers and fathers. It is safe to say that no two mothers
parents have and what a panoramic view they provide for our tiny kids.
ever do exactly the same Encyclopedic Knowledge Program.
Each child's program is a unique reflection of the creativity,
imagination and inventiveness of his mother. Like the ability of the
tiny child, the inventiveness of a professional mother appears to be
limitless.
Every mother who embarks upon this adventure expects to expand
her tiny child's ability. She does this with such vim and vigor that she
hardly takes the time to assess the changes that are taking place in her
own abilities and viewpoint.
One day when she finds herself happily preparing to teach her child
calculus or nuclear physics she is brought up short by her own bravado.
She is startled, but not for long. "I always secretly knew I could learn
anything," she says to herself and gets back to work teaching her child.
We are no longer able to learn at a good fraction of the speed of a
tiny child, nor is the quality of our learning even comparable to his.
However, we have the thrill and the honor of taking this superb
learner and gently lifting


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