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fuli vertical loads, like in normal foundations or underpinning. On the other hand, it is to be noted that the piles were distributed, with opposed raking, according to two revolution surfaces in order to obtain a "reticulated pali radice structure", that is a mixed structure in which the soil is encompassed by a network of piles. According to this scheme, the plurality of piles forming the underpinning can be considered also as an "in-situ reinforced soil" associated with the upper structure.

The soil reinforcement is, therefore, not separated from the structure, but it becomes part of the same, according to a uniąue gravimetric scheme, whose gravity center is

very close to the soil surface. The advantage is evident (fig. 4).

No stresses were introduced, neither in the masonry nor in the soil.

No propping structures were used, except for normal scaffolding.

The outer parts of masonry did not suffer any aesthetical alteration, except for some already crushed decorations which had to be restored. Referencest F. LIZZI. The use of "pali radice" (root pattern piles) in the underpinning of Monuments and old buildings and in the consolidation of historie centers. "L'Industria delle Costruzioni" Nr. 110. Dic. 1900. ANCE -Roma.

Loizos, A.A. (Orał discussion)

STABILITY OF THE SPILLIANI MONASTERY, NISSIROS, GREECE 1. GENERAL

The Spiliani Monastery is situated on a ridge, located on the island of Nissiros, which is surrounded partly by the sea and partly (on the other side) by the Mandraki district.

The slopes of the ridge are very steep, almost vertical and they have a height of approxi-mately 25 - 30 m.

It has already been ovserved that slides of rocky materiał occur from the slopes towards the sea. Due to this there is a possibility that large scalę slides could occur, a fact which would be dangerous for the stability of the foundation of the monastery perimeter wali facing the sea.

Slumping has already been observed from •’the slopes towards the sea and the risk of large scalę failures has often been pointed out in reference to the foundation of the sea-side part of the monastery.

2. GEOLOGICAL CONDITIONS

From the site reconaissance, it could be concluded, that the ridge has been formed by submarine volcanic outflows of andesite naturę (pillow-lava). This materiał contains iron oxides and sulphate compounds. The andesitic cobbles are rounded and have dimensions which rangę from a few centimeters up to about one meter in diameter and are cemented by volcanic materiał consisting mainly of weathered materiał of volcanic origin derived by postvolcanic activity of warm fluids.

This process is responsible for the "watertight" of the volcanic rocks which the monastery has been built on. This "watertight" is easily observed from the artificial concave (cave) which lies within the church of the monastery having a ceiling depth of approximately 1.5m. under the surrounding soil surface.

So far, no rain water has penetrated into the concave and no humidity has been observed, a fact which is indicative of the "watertight"

850

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