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Changes in chemism of the Łabuńka r.iver..
6. From comparison of indices determined for catchments unpolluted with wastewater and the catchment including Zamość an attempt was madę to define the amounts of solutes derived from municipal-industrial wastewater. In the years 1990-1991 the mean annual transport of solutes supplied with Zamość wastewater amounted to 3600 tons, which constituted 24% of the total outflow of solutes from the Łabuńka river catchment up-stream of Krzak. Substances dissolved in wastewater are largely of natural origin. From the data concerning the wastewater volume and solute concentration of river and groundwaters exploited by the Zamość Water Works it can be estimated that the "artificial" component constitutes about 33% of substances dissloved in sewage.
7. Over the 33 years 1959-1992 considerable changes in the chemism of waters in the Łabuńka river catchment occurred. On the basis of the data published by K. Czyż et al. (1963) it can be seen that toda/s hydro-chemical background is on the level of waters with wastewater of 1959. The scalę of changes in the background level can be estimated approximately from the measurement results of chloride ion concentrations in river waters from the 40’s. According to M. Stangenberg (1958), chlorides occurred at that time at 5-10 mg dm-3 in river waters unpolluted with wastewater in Poland’s territory. The present values determined for the hydrochemical background are almost twice as high.
REFERENCES
Czyż K., Koziorowski B., Moraczewski J., 1963, Charakterystyka zanieczyszczenia rzeki Wieprz, Prace Inst. Gosp. Wodnej 1(3), 75-173.
Kozłowski S., 1991, Gospodarka a środowisko przyrodnicze, PWN, Warszawa.
Markowicz M., Pulina M., 1979, Ilościowa półmikroanaliza chemiczna wód w obszarach krasu węglanowego, US1., Katowice.
Maruszczak H., 1990, Denudacja chemiczna (Chemical denudation), [in:] Współczesne przemiany rzeźby Polski południowowschodnie], Prace Geogr. IGiPZ PAN 153, 23-41.
Maruszczak H., Świeca A., Wilgat M., Siewiereniuk K., 1993, Udział ścieków komunalno-przemysłowych w odpływie roztworów z wybranych zlewni we wschodniej Polsce jako wskaźnik stopnia degradacji środowiska CThe share of communal and industrial sewage in the solution runoff from selected east-Polish catchments as an index of the enuiromental degradation level). Zintegrowany Monitoring Środowiska Przyrodniczego, Biblioteka Monitoringu Środowiska, Warszawa, 169-184.
Michalczyk Z., 1986, Warunki występowania i krążenia wód na obszarze Wyżyny Lubelskiej i Roztocza, Rozpr. Habil. 30, UMCS, Lublin.
Stangenberg M., 1958, Ogólny pogląd na skład chemiczny wód rzecznych Polski (A generał outlook on the Chemical composition of river waters in Poland), Polskie Archiwum Hydro-biologiczne 4(17), 289-359.
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