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PROBLEMS OF GEOMORPHOLOGICAL# MAPPING Geographical Studies No. 46, Warszawa 1963

ZBIGNIEW KARAKIEWICZ

Kraków

THE IMPORTANCE OF A GEOMORPHOLOGICAL SURVEY FOR ESTABLISHING THE DIRECTIONS OF THE DEVELOPMENT

OF KRAKÓW AND ITS SURROUNDING AREA

1. Space planning based in Poland on prewar experience has after the second war greatly developed its scope and the methods of its approach. Regional planning has recently developed in close cooperation with economic planning. Town planning comprises now all of our big cities, the majority of the smaller towns and also many settlements and villages. For those towns and settlements generał plans have been worked out and their aim is to set down the land use during a long distance period of morę or less twenty years. On the basis of those longdistance plans we work out 5 year plans (phases) and synchronize them with generał economic plans — they become, therefore, a basis for the reali-zation of investment projects. At present, besides planning for big areas which includes whole districts we prepare plans for cities and their surrounding areas, for groups of township settlements (conurbation), for rural settlements and for individual towns and settlements.

The difference between each of those plans lies in the degree of their precision. For regional plans we consider a scalę of between 1 : 300,000 and 1 : 50,000 as sufficient for indicating the generał direction of deve-lopment; for urban groups and settlements we apply a scalę of between 1 : 25,000 and 1 :10,000 and this is essential for setting down the zones of the grounds which are to be utilized; the scales for plans of smaller settlements and of parts of big towns are still morę detailed and allow to loca-lize the different objects. Progress in the method of space planning consists in taking into consideration morę and morę of those factors which exercise an influence on the development of a town. This means a study of the following items: the circumstances of the geographic environment, the conditions for draining the area, of supplying it with water and with other facilities, transportation possibilities, demography and sociology, industry, services, housing and other conditions. Special studies cover all of these items and their aim is to attain morę and morę precision and scientific correctness. The contact of theory and practice brings about a close cooperation between the plan designing planning offices and the theoretical centers.