4831621675

Even with a high qu ant i ty of <2 pm fraction in both wastes, It was difficult to determine their plasticity due to the lack of clay minerals.

CPMT TCPMT

Particie size (pmj

Figurę 4.2 Particie size distribution of the calamine tailings.

4.3.2 Chemical composition of the raw and fired samples

The Chemical analysis was performed on unfired and fired calamine tailings (1000°C) (Table 4.1). The major oxides present in the CPMT and TCPMT respectively are calcium oxide (CaO) (21.7, 23.5wt°o). sulfur oxide (expressed as SO3) (27.15, 23.90 wt°o), iron oxide (expressed as Fe:03) (13.5, 13.3 wt.°o) and silica (Si02) (12.2. 13.4 wt°o). Those oxides contribute to morę than 74 wt°o in weight for both the wastes. High content of CaO and SO3 suggests that a calcium sulfate minerał is present in high amounts. Alkaline and alkaline-earth oxides (MgO. Na20 and K2O) occur in significant amounts; 3.5 wt.°o and 2.5 wt.°o for CPMT and TCPMT respectively. In order to facilitate the comparison of calamine tailings with typieal ceramic raw materials, a temary diagram was prepared based on a review of literaturę (Ajam et al.. 2009: Alonso-Santurde et al.. 2012; Chen et al., 2011 a: de la Casa and Castro. 2014; Demir

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