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current to approximately lOmA, whilst diodes D3, D4 and ZD1 maintain the maximum voltage available to the baf-tery at 5.6V. This arrangement of com-ponents maintains the battery at fuli charge, whilst preventing the battery from overcharging.

Notę that diodę D2 is reverse biased when external power is connected to the unit. In the event of the battery being disconnected, Cl will discharge through R3 and after about 5 seconds the volt-age across Cl will drop to approxi-mately 3.6V. D2 will then become for-ward biased, thus turning on transistor 02, which in turn turns on 03. The output voltage at the emitter of 03 pro-vides power to IC1 via a decoupling Circuit (C2, C3, R9).

At the same time, the rise in Q3’s emitter voltage also turns on 01, via R7 and R8. The Circuit associated with 01, 02 and 03 is now latched on and even restoring power to the siren would not unlatch it.

Diodę Dl provides isolation for the timing Circuit (Cl, R3), from the car*s

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V\\l

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---

Another yiew inside the siren, this time.

power Circuit'. The timing Circuit was in-cluded to prevent false triggering of the satellite siren when the vehicle battery voltage drops to Iow valucs under nor-mal conditions, such as peak starting currents with run down batteries in cold weather.

The Schmitt trigger inverter gate ICl(a) conibined with RIO and C4 forms an oscillator ópcrating at approxi-mately 2kHz. Invertcrs ICl(b) and (e) provide isolation and drive for the switching transistor combination consist-ing of 04 and 06 Similarly ICl(c), (d) and (f) provide isolation and driye for the switching transistor combination consistfng of 05 and 07.

The network consisting of D5, Rll and C5 delays the subsequent turn on of 06, whilst D6, R12 and C6 delay the subsequent turn off of 07. The addition of this time delay assures that transis-tors 06 and 07 are never on simulta-neously. This results in minima! dissipa-tion in the output transistors (06, 07), and morę efficient operation. It also eliminates the possibility of thermal run-away with the germanium output de-vices used.

The germanium devices were chosen because of their very Iow saturation voltage, compared to Silicon devices; probably their only advantage.

The AC output voltage from switching transistors 06 and 07 is applicd to two individual “charge pump’* circuits. The pump consisting of C7, D7, D8 and

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with everything in position.    ,

C8 raises the output voltage at the posi-tive siren terminal by approximate1y 3.5V above the internal battery’s posi-tive potential. Similarly the charge . pump consisting of R21, R22, C9, D10, 08, D9 and CIO lowers the output volt-age at the siren’s negative terminal by approximately 3.5V below the internal battery*s negative potential.

The additional componcnts in the negative charge pump (R21, R22 and 08) make D10, 08 function as an ac-tive rectifier; when the siren is off, 08 is off. Without the addition of this network there would be a path for a direct current from the positive supply via D7, D8, the siren, D9 and D10 to the nega-tive supply, when the siren is off.

Construction

A complete kit of parts for this proj-ect is available from Oatley Electronics (see parts list). Most of the parts are mounted on the printed circuit board, and are shown in the overlay diagram. Begin construction by installing all of the parts on the printed circuit board. Watch the orientation of the transistors, diodes and polarised electrolytic capaci-tors. Also secure the two output transistors with machinę screws nuts and shakeproof washers, prior to soldering their base and emitter leads.

The prototype was assembled in an economical 50 x 90 x 150mm plastic casc. Individuals may choose to use morę rugged metal boxes, or perhapsa

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Although the prototype was housed in a jiffy box (left), you could alternatively use a rugged junction box like that shown at right.

ELECTRONICS Australia. September 1987

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