Class java.util.Locale
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Class java.util.Locale
java.lang.Object
|
+----java.util.Locale
public final class Locale
extends Object
implements Cloneable, Serializable
A Locale object represents a specific geographical, political,
or cultural region. An operation that requires a Locale to perform
its task is called locale-sensitive and uses the Locale
to tailor information for the user. For example, displaying a number
is a locale-sensitive operation--the number should be formatted
according to the customs/conventions of the user's native country,
region, or culture.
You create a Locale object using one of the two constructors in
this class:
Locale(String language, String country)
Locale(String language, String country, String variant)
The first argument to both constructors is a valid ISO
Language Code. These codes are the lower-case two-letter
codes as defined by ISO-639.
You can find a full list of these codes at a number of sites, such as:
http://www.ics.uci.edu/pub/ietf/http/related/iso639.txt
The second argument to both constructors is a valid ISO Country
Code. These codes are the upper-case two-letter codes
as defined by ISO-3166.
You can find a full list of these codes at a number of sites, such as:
http://www.chemie.fu-berlin.de/diverse/doc/ISO_3166.html
The second constructor requires a third argument--the Variant.
The Variant codes are vendor and browser-specific.
For example, use WIN for Windows, MAC for Macintosh, and POSIX for POSIX.
Where there are two variants, separate them with an underscore, and
put the most important one first. For
example, a Traditional Spanish collation might be referenced, with
"ES", "ES", "Traditional_WIN".
Because a Locale object is just an identifier for a region,
no validity check is performed when you construct a Locale.
If you want to see whether particular resources are available for the
Locale you construct, you must query those resources. For
example, ask the NumberFormat for the locales it supports
using its getAvailableLocales method.
Note: When you ask for a resource for a particular
locale, you get back the best available match, not necessarily
precisely what you asked for. For more information, look at
ResourceBundle.
The Locale class provides a number of convenient constants
that you can use to create Locale objects for commonly used
locales. For example, the following creates a Locale object
for the United States:
Locale.US
Once you've created a Locale you can query it for information about
itself. Use getCountry to get the ISO Country Code and
getLanguage to get the ISO Language Code. You can
use getDisplayCountry to get the
name of the country suitable for displaying to the user. Similarly,
you can use getDisplayLanguage to get the name of
the language suitable for displaying to the user. Interestingly,
the getDisplayXXX methods are themselves locale-sensitive
and have two versions: one that uses the default locale and one
that uses the locale specified as an argument.
The JDK provides a number of classes that perform locale-sensitive
operations. For example, the NumberFormat class formats
numbers, currency, or percentages in a locale-sensitive manner. Classes
such as NumberFormat have a number of convenience methods
for creating a default object of that type. For example, the
NumberFormat class provides these three convenience methods
for creating a default NumberFormat object:
NumberFormat.getInstance()
NumberFormat.getCurrencyInstance()
NumberFormat.getPercentInstance()
These methods have two variants; one with an explicit locale
and one without; the latter using the default locale.
NumberFormat.getInstance(myLocale)
NumberFormat.getCurrencyInstance(myLocale)
NumberFormat.getPercentInstance(myLocale)
A Locale is the mechanism for identifying the kind of object
(NumberFormat) that you would like to get. The locale is
just a mechanism for identifying objects,
not a container for the objects themselves.
Each class that performs locale-sensitive operations allows you
to get all the available objects of that type. You can sift
through these objects by language, country, or variant,
and use the display names to present a menu to the user.
For example, you can create a menu of all the collation objects
suitable for a given language. Such classes must implement these
three class methods:
public static Locale[] getAvailableLocales()
public static String getDisplayName(Locale objectLocale,
Locale displayLocale)
public static final String getDisplayName(Locale objectLocale)
// getDisplayName will throw MissingResourceException if the locale
// is not one of the available locales.
See Also:
ResourceBundle, Format, NumberFormat, Collation
CANADA
Useful constant for country.
CANADA_FRENCH
Useful constant for country.
CHINA
Useful constant for country.
CHINESE
Useful constant for language.
ENGLISH
Useful constant for language.
FRANCE
Useful constant for country.
FRENCH
Useful constant for language.
GERMAN
Useful constant for language.
GERMANY
Useful constant for country.
ITALIAN
Useful constant for language.
ITALY
Useful constant for country.
JAPAN
Useful constant for country.
JAPANESE
Useful constant for language.
KOREA
Useful constant for country.
KOREAN
Useful constant for language.
PRC
Useful constant for country.
SIMPLIFIED_CHINESE
Useful constant for language.
TAIWAN
Useful constant for country.
TRADITIONAL_CHINESE
Useful constant for language.
UK
Useful constant for country.
US
Useful constant for country.
Locale(String, String)
Construct a locale from language, country.
Locale(String, String, String)
Construct a locale from language, country, variant.
clone()
Overrides Cloneable
equals(Object)
Compares two Objects for equality.
getCountry()
Getter for programmatic name of field,
an uppercased two-letter ISO-3166 code.
getDefault()
Common method of getting the current default Locale.
getDisplayCountry()
Returns a name for the locale's country that is appropriate for display to the
user.
getDisplayCountry(Locale)
Returns a name for the locale's country that is appropriate for display to the
user.
getDisplayLanguage()
Returns a name for the locale's language that is appropriate for display to the
user.
getDisplayLanguage(Locale)
Returns a name for the locale's language that is appropriate for display to the
user.
getDisplayName()
Returns a name for the locale that is appropriate for display to the
user.
getDisplayName(Locale)
Returns a name for the locale that is appropriate for display to the
user.
getDisplayVariant()
Returns a name for the locale's variant code that is appropriate for display to the
user.
getDisplayVariant(Locale)
Returns a name for the locale's variant code that is appropriate for display to the
user.
getISO3Country()
Getter for the three-letter ISO country abbreviation
of the locale.
getISO3Language()
Getter for the three-letter ISO language abbreviation
of the locale.
getLanguage()
Getter for programmatic name of field,
an lowercased two-letter ISO-639 code.
getVariant()
Getter for programmatic name of field.
hashCode()
Override hashCode.
setDefault(Locale)
Sets the default.
toString()
Getter for the programmatic name of the entire locale,
with the language, country and variant separated by underbars.
ENGLISH
public static final Locale ENGLISH
Useful constant for language.
FRENCH
public static final Locale FRENCH
Useful constant for language.
GERMAN
public static final Locale GERMAN
Useful constant for language.
ITALIAN
public static final Locale ITALIAN
Useful constant for language.
JAPANESE
public static final Locale JAPANESE
Useful constant for language.
KOREAN
public static final Locale KOREAN
Useful constant for language.
CHINESE
public static final Locale CHINESE
Useful constant for language.
SIMPLIFIED_CHINESE
public static final Locale SIMPLIFIED_CHINESE
Useful constant for language.
TRADITIONAL_CHINESE
public static final Locale TRADITIONAL_CHINESE
Useful constant for language.
FRANCE
public static final Locale FRANCE
Useful constant for country.
GERMANY
public static final Locale GERMANY
Useful constant for country.
ITALY
public static final Locale ITALY
Useful constant for country.
JAPAN
public static final Locale JAPAN
Useful constant for country.
KOREA
public static final Locale KOREA
Useful constant for country.
CHINA
public static final Locale CHINA
Useful constant for country.
PRC
public static final Locale PRC
Useful constant for country.
TAIWAN
public static final Locale TAIWAN
Useful constant for country.
UK
public static final Locale UK
Useful constant for country.
US
public static final Locale US
Useful constant for country.
CANADA
public static final Locale CANADA
Useful constant for country.
CANADA_FRENCH
public static final Locale CANADA_FRENCH
Useful constant for country.
Locale
public Locale(String language,
String country,
String variant)
Construct a locale from language, country, variant.
NOTE: ISO 639 is not a stable standard; some of the language codes it defines
(specifically iw, ji, and in) have changed. This constructor accepts both the
old codes (iw, ji, and in) and the new codes (he, yi, and id), but all other
API on Locale will return only the OLD codes.
Parameters:
language - lowercase two-letter ISO-639 code.
country - uppercase two-letter ISO-3166 code.
variant - vendor and browser specific code. See class description.
Locale
public Locale(String language,
String country)
Construct a locale from language, country.
NOTE: ISO 639 is not a stable standard; some of the language codes it defines
(specifically iw, ji, and in) have changed. This constructor accepts both the
old codes (iw, ji, and in) and the new codes (he, yi, and id), but all other
API on Locale will return only the OLD codes.
Parameters:
language - lowercase two-letter ISO-639 code.
country - uppercase two-letter ISO-3166 code.
getDefault
public static Locale getDefault()
Common method of getting the current default Locale.
Used for the presentation: menus, dialogs, etc.
Generally set once when your applet or application is initialized,
then never reset. (If you do reset the default locale, you
probably want to reload your GUI, so that the change is reflected
in your interface.)
More advanced programs will allow users to use different locales
for different fields, e.g. in a spreadsheet.
Note that the initial setting will match the host system.
setDefault
public static synchronized void setDefault(Locale newLocale)
Sets the default.
Normally set once at the beginning of applet or application,
then never reset. setDefault does not reset the host locale.
Parameters:
newLocale - Locale to set to.
getLanguage
public String getLanguage()
Getter for programmatic name of field,
an lowercased two-letter ISO-639 code.
See Also:
getDisplayLanguage
getCountry
public String getCountry()
Getter for programmatic name of field,
an uppercased two-letter ISO-3166 code.
See Also:
getDisplayCountry
getVariant
public String getVariant()
Getter for programmatic name of field.
See Also:
getDisplayVariant
toString
public final String toString()
Getter for the programmatic name of the entire locale,
with the language, country and variant separated by underbars.
Language is always lower case, and country is always uppcer case.
If a field is missing, at most one underbar will occur.
Example: "Een, "de_DE", "en_US_WIN", "de_POSIX", "fr_MAC"
Overrides:
toString in class Object
See Also:
getDisplayName
getISO3Language
public String getISO3Language() throws MissingResourceException
Getter for the three-letter ISO language abbreviation
of the locale. Returns the empty string if the locale doesn't specify a language.
Throws: MissingResourceException
Throws MissingResourceException if the
three-letter language abbreviation is not available for this locale.
getISO3Country
public String getISO3Country() throws MissingResourceException
Getter for the three-letter ISO country abbreviation
of the locale. Returns the empty string if the locale doesn't specify a country.
Throws: MissingResourceException
Throws MissingResourceException if the
three-letter language abbreviation is not available for this locale.
getDisplayLanguage
public final String getDisplayLanguage()
Returns a name for the locale's language that is appropriate for display to the
user. This will be the name the locale's language localized for the default locale,
if that data is available. For example, if the locale is fr_FR and the default locale
is en_US, getDisplayLanguage() will return "French"; if the locale is en_US and
the default locale is fr_FR, getDisplayLanguage() will return "anglais". If the
appropriate name isn't available (say, we don't have a Japanese name for Croatian),
this function falls back on the English name and uses the ISO code as a last-resort
value. If the locale doesn't specify a language, this function returns the empty string.
getDisplayLanguage
public String getDisplayLanguage(Locale inLocale)
Returns a name for the locale's language that is appropriate for display to the
user. This will be the name the locale's language localized for inLocale,
if that data is available. For example, if the locale is fr_FR and inLocale
is en_US, getDisplayLanguage() will return "French"; if the locale is en_US and
inLocale is fr_FR, getDisplayLanguage() will return "anglais". If the
appropriate name isn't available (say, we don't have a Japanese name for Croatian),
this function falls back on the default locale, on the English name, and finally
on the ISO code as a last-resort value. If the locale doesn't specify a language,
this function returns the empty string.
getDisplayCountry
public final String getDisplayCountry()
Returns a name for the locale's country that is appropriate for display to the
user. This will be the name the locale's country localized for the default locale,
if that data is available. For example, if the locale is fr_FR and the default locale
is en_US, getDisplayCountry() will return "France"; if the locale is en_US and
the default locale is fr_FR, getDisplayLanguage() will return "Etats-Unis". If the
appropriate name isn't available (say, we don't have a Japanese name for Croatia),
this function falls back on the English name and uses the ISO code as a last-resort
value. If the locale doesn't specify a country, this function returns the empty string.
getDisplayCountry
public String getDisplayCountry(Locale inLocale)
Returns a name for the locale's country that is appropriate for display to the
user. This will be the name the locale's country localized for inLocale,
if that data is available. For example, if the locale is fr_FR and inLocale
is en_US, getDisplayCountry() will return "France"; if the locale is en_US and
inLocale is fr_FR, getDisplayLanguage() will return "Etats-Unis". If the
appropriate name isn't available (say, we don't have a Japanese name for Croatia),
this function falls back on the default locale, on the English name, and finally
on the ISO code as a last-resort value. If the locale doesn't specify a country,
this function returns the empty string.
getDisplayVariant
public final String getDisplayVariant()
Returns a name for the locale's variant code that is appropriate for display to the
user. If possible, the name will be localized for the default locale. If the locale
doesn't specify a variant code, this function returns the empty string.
getDisplayVariant
public String getDisplayVariant(Locale inLocale)
Returns a name for the locale's variant code that is appropriate for display to the
user. If possible, the name will be localized for inLocale. If the locale
doesn't specify a variant code, this function returns the empty string.
getDisplayName
public final String getDisplayName()
Returns a name for the locale that is appropriate for display to the
user. This will be the values returned by getDisplayLanguage(), getDisplayCountry(),
and getDisplayVariant() assembled into a single string. The display name will have
one of the following forms:
language (country, variant)
language (country)
language (variant)
country (variant)
language
country
variant
depending on which fields are specified in the locale. If the language, country,
and variant fields are all empty, this function returns the empty string.
getDisplayName
public String getDisplayName(Locale inLocale)
Returns a name for the locale that is appropriate for display to the
user. This will be the values returned by getDisplayLanguage(), getDisplayCountry(),
and getDisplayVariant() assembled into a single string. The display name will have
one of the following forms:
language (country, variant)
language (country)
language (variant)
country (variant)
language
country
variant
depending on which fields are specified in the locale. If the language, country,
and variant fields are all empty, this function returns the empty string.
clone
public Object clone()
Overrides Cloneable
Overrides:
clone in class Object
hashCode
public synchronized int hashCode()
Override hashCode.
Since Locales are often used in hashtables, caches the value
for speed.
Overrides:
hashCode in class Object
equals
public boolean equals(Object obj)
Compares two Objects for equality.
Overrides:
equals in class Object
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