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Cluster as an opportunity for medical tourism in Poiand 113
• development of human Capital in enterprises,
• stimulation of cooperation in trade,
• creation of new businesses.
Recommendations developed by the working group on cluster policy ofthe Polish Agency for Enterprise Development, published in the document entitled Kierunki i założenia polityki klastrowej w Polsce do 2020 roku (Directions and assumptions of the cluster policy in Poiand till 2020) assume that the main objective of the cluster policy is to strengthen the competitiveness and innovativeness of the Polish economy by enhancing cooperation between industry and academia. The development of such cooperation should be enhanced by acitivities of both local and regional authorities.
This cooperation would involve the transfer of knowledge, know-how with the use of clusters, taking into account the concept of smart specialization. The implementation of this measure is based on two directions:
• The first path involves co-financing (mainly at the regional level) of the cluster coordinators (of both existing and emerging clusters), including their cluster initiatives. This provides opportunities of establishing institutions playing a key role in the development of cooperation, interaction and knowledge flows within the clusters of economic activity, and thus enhances their competitiveness and innovation.
• The second path is based on the integration of public support, available at both central and regional level, around the selected clusters of critical importance and competitive potential for the economy of the country and its regions, complying with the strategie economic specializations of both national and regional dimensions. These projects would be implemented by entities operating within the cluster, both the companies themselves, but not only, also educational and scientific institutions, business environment, sometimes consortia and other actors. The scope of activities of this path could include R&D, investments in shared educational or research infrastructure, human Capital development, intemationalization, etc. As a result, the utilization of various instruments of innovation, as well as scientific, technological, trade, human Capital development policies etc. should be integrated and coordinated [Dzierżanowski 2012, p. 12].
Cluster membership may be beneficial for medial market companies because of:
• profit - active participation in the cluster translates into inereased innovation, and thus the competitiveness of a company,
• credibility - access to both domestic and foreign inąuiries, thus attracting morę customers,
• ability to undertake joint marketing, promotion activities, inaccessible to individual operators,
• access to knowledge, exchange of information between the “actors” that facilitates the initiation and implementation of business projects,
• better interactions between business and academia,
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