7884079651

Editor: KAŹMIERCZAK).

CONCLUSIONS

Laparoscopy is an opportunity for patients to less pain and faster recovery. It is also a completely different field of surgery when compared to the open surgical procedures and reąuires specific conditions and new skills of surgeons. First of all, surgeons must operate with a continuous concentration during the whole procedurę. An additional factor increasing stress is unnatural operative field presented in the form of visualization on the screen, thus forcing the surgeon to visual contact with the device, and no longer directly with the patient. The serious problem are the somatic relations in antropotechnical system while the surgery, characterized by a long-term static position causing overload and pain in musculoskeletal system. Problematic are also the operations with using handle tools, which are often not adapted to the shape of the operator's hand, causing numbness and lack of sensation of the upper limbs or calluses on thumbs.

The ergonomie problems indicated in the article while using the laparoscopic instruments can be mitigated in two ways. The first way is to educate surgeons in the principles of ergonomie proceedings. Wherein the a good idea seems to be an integrated training by the subconsciously shaping pro-ergonomic behavior e.g. leaming how to perform laparoscopic surgery on ergonomically correct training place. The second way is to provide designers of surgical tools information on these aspects of the tool construction that should be improved in respect of ergonomie.

Acknowledgments

This article was prepared by participating in the project: Online Vocational Training course on laparoscopy's ergonomics for surgeons and laparoscopic instruments' designers, conducted in frame of Lifelong Leaming Program: Leonardo da Vinci Multilatemal Projects for Development of Innovation, Agreement number: 2012-3649/001-001, financed by National Agency for Lifelong Leaming Programme Organismo Autónomo Programas Educativos Europeos (OAPEE). The author would like to thank the project coordinator the Instituto de Biomecanica de Valencia in Spain for the cooperation and initiation of research and to all of the hospitals, the doctors and the decision makers who have agreed to participate in the study. The author also thanks the Silesian University of Technology that allowed the realization of the work in rangę of exploitation of surgical instruments within the statutory research, work symbol BK 249/ROZ3/2012.

REFERENCES

1.    Bartnicka 1: Uwarunkowania procesu absorpcji wiedzy technicznej personelu szpitalnego na przykładzie eksploatacji narzędzi chirurgicznych, w: (red.) Knosala R.: Innowacje w Zarządzaniu i Inżynierii Produkcji. Oficyna Wydawnicza Polskiego Towarzystwa Zarządzania Produkcją, Opole 2013.

2.    Bartnicka J, Dąbrowski D.: Method of surgical Staff competence improvement using the augmented reality technology, w: Systems supporting production engineering. Monograph. Eds: Biały W., Kaźmierczak J., Gliwice: Wydaw. Pracowni Komputerowej Jacka Skalmierskiego, 2012.

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